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Prognostic markers of disease course in early stages of multiple sclerosis
Petržalka, Marko ; Marusič, Petr (advisor) ; Taláb, Radomír (referee) ; Lízrová, Jana (referee)
Prognostic markers of disease course in early stages of multiple sclerosis ABSTRACT This thesis analyzes the biomarkers of unfavorable prognosis assessed at early stages of multiple sclerosis. Because specific biomarkers often providerather complex information,the theoretical part provides a summary of biomarkers used not only in prognosis assessment, but also in diagnostics and therapy monitoring. In the empirical part, we have investigatedthe prognostic value of intrathecal synthesis of class M immunoglobulins, serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of interleukin 2, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, chitinase 3-like 2 protein and neurofilament heavy chains, assessed from samples acquired during diagnostic procedures. 58 patients early after the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis were included. All patients initiated therapy with glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, or interferon beta. To assess the evolution of the disease, we followed the patients clinically and with MRI for two years. Interleukin 2 to interleukin 6 ratio of cerebrospinal fluidvalues ˂0.48 (p=0.0028), interleukin 2 in cerebrospinal fluid ≥1.23 (p=0.0260), chitinase 3-like 2 in cerebrospinal fluid ≥7900 (p=0.0330), age at clinical onset ˂22 years (p=0.0312) and baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale ≥1.5 (p=0.0481), proved to...
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Telerehabilitation in patients with multiple sclerosis
Zeiselová, Jitka ; Novotná, Klára (advisor) ; Kövári, Martina (referee)
The subject of this master thesis is telerehabilitation in pacients with multiple sclerosis with a focus on patients with higher neurological deficit. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system. According to the latest information (31.12.2021) from the ReMuS register there is 17 148 patients with a multiple sclerosis in the Czech republic. Altogether 71 % from this amount are women. The aim of this thesis is breifly introduce the topic of multiple sclerosis, its etiopathogenesis, diagnostic, symptomatology and therapy, with a focus on rehabilitation. Next chapter of the theoretical part is dedicated to telemedicine. There are information about history of telemedicine, some possibilities of its use in other fields of rehabilitation and also describes some platforms which can be used for providing an online therapy. Practical part of the thesis consists of two sections. The first one contains a survey which investigates amount of awareness of telerehabilitation and also amount of interest of it in patients with multiple sclerosis, partially for the needs of the Saint Joseph's Home which plans to expand its rehabilitation services. In the second part we wanted to prove the feasibility of telerehabilitation in patients with higher neurological deficit...
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Immune response of the paratenic host to Toxocara canis infection, possible influence on the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Novák, Jan ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Fajfrlík, Karel (referee) ; Ditrich, Oleg (referee)
i Univerzita Karlova 1. lékařská fakulta Studijní program: Doktorské studijní programy v biomedicíně Studijní obor: Biochemie a patobiochemie RNDr. Jan Novák Imunitní odpověď paratenického hostitele na infekci Toxocara canis, možné ovlivnění průběhu experimentální autoimunitní encefalomyelitidy Immune response of the paratenic host to Toxocara canis infection, possible influence on the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Abstrakt dizertační práce Školitel: prof. RNDr. Petr Horák, Ph.D. Konzultant: prof. RNDr. Libuše Kolářová, CSc. Praha, 2022 ii ABSTRACT The most complex interactions between host and infectious agent are generated during helminth infections, which represent a significant source of serious health problems worldwide. Because many helminths migrate after entering the host, these infections are characterized by the gradual development of a range of clinical symptoms. These are not only due to the damage to various organs but also to the modified host's immune response. The published studies show that, on the one hand, the immune response is stimulated in order to eliminate the parasite, but on the other hand, helminths possess a number of mechanisms that may lead to immune modulation and thus ensure their long-term survival in the host. An indirect consequence of such a...
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The effect of Iyengar yoga practice on patients with multiple sclerosis
Vodičková, Jitka ; Ježková, Martina (advisor) ; Klimošová, Sylva (referee)
Bibliographical record VODIČKOVÁ, Jitka. The effect of Iyengar yoga practise on patients with multiple sclerosis. Prague: Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2022. 220 p. Supervisor Mgr. Martina Ježková. Abstract This longitudinal clinical study examines the overall impact of Iyengar yoga practice on patients with multiple sclerosis rated 5.5-7.5 on the EDSS scale. The theoretical part outlines the issues of multiple sclerosis. Then the basic principles of yoga are introduced, and the various modifications of the postures used in yoga therapy in our study are described and illustrated. The paper outlines the mechanisms by which yoga can influence individual symptoms of multiple sclerosis. The practical part consists of case reports of five patients who attended Iyengar yoga sessions for three months and were followed up for a total of seven months. The aim was to clarify how the condition of patients with multiple sclerosis develops with the restriction or complete cessation of physical activity, what effect the practice of Iyengar yoga has on the patients and whether this effect persists for two months after the cessation of the practice. The second part focuses on the comparison of the change in the observed parameters in different patients with...
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Physical activity in patients with MS: Effect of coronavirus pandemic on physical activity and rehabilitation
Šulcová, Anna ; Novotná, Klára (advisor) ; Kövári, Martina (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on patients with multiple sclerosis, mainly focusing on the impact on their physical activity. The aim of the thesis is to investigate whether and how people with MS changed their physical activity during the epidemic. Furthermore, it was investigated whether the choice of activity and the intensity and frequency of activity changed. A part of the questions dealt with the fears of the disease Covid-19. The theoretical part summarizes the basic knowledge about the diagnosis, and more focuses on the rehabilitation and physical activity of the patients. The practical part deals with the results obtained through the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was carried out within the framework of an international study sponsored by the international professional society RIMS (Rehabilitation In Multiple Sclerosis). Several European countries, including the Czech Republic, participated in the study. Due to the epidemic, the questionnaire was distributed online and responses were collected from December 2020 to June 2021. The research sample consisted of 265 people. The data are presented in the form of tables and graphs. The results showed that 233 patients engaged in some physical activity prior to Covid-19. In the context of the epidemic,...
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MRI mapping of brain iron deposition in patients with neurological diseases with a focus on multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica
Pudlač, Adam ; Burgetová, Andrea (advisor) ; Lisý, Jiří (referee) ; Ryška, Pavel (referee)
Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) often manifest similar symptoms. However, the distinction between the two diseases is particularly important for different therapies. The aim of this study is to determine whether these diseases can be distinguished based on cerebral iron deposits in the deep grey matter and whether there is a correlation between iron deposits, local deep grey matter atrophy and clinical severity of the disease. Methods: 40 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 20 patients with NMO and 20 healthy subjects were examined at the MRI department of the 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague from December 2013 to March 2015. All patients with RRMS fulfilled the revised McDonald criteria, the diagnosis of NMO was based on Wingerchuk criteria. All 20 patients with NMO had positive AQP4-IgG. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and volumometry of individual deep gray matter structures were performed. All patients with NMO and MS underwent simultaneous examination by a specialist in demyelinating diseases. Neurological disability was assessed by the Kurtzke Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results: Patients with NMO have higher magnetic susceptibility values in the substantia nigra compared to healthy controls. Patients with RRMS...
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Vliv pandemie Covidu-19 na pohybové aktivity u pacientů s roztroušenou sklerózou
BŘEZÍKOVÁ, Veronika
The topic of this bachelor's thesis is the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on physical activities in patients with multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to describe how the emergency caused by the Covid-19 pandemic affected patients with multiple sclerosis. For this purpose, a questionnaire was used, which was provided to patiens with multiple sclerosis via social networks, especially Facebook, and via email communication. The results of this bachelor's thesis show that 52% of respondents were not affected by the physical activities of the Covidu-19 pandemic. In most patients, their physical fitness deteriorated or did not change during the Covid-19 pandemic, and only 8% improved their physical fitness. It also emerged that with each subsequent wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, the number of respondents who engaged in regular physical activity or exercise decreased more than before the Covid-19 pandemic. Almost half of the respondents (48%) stated that they do not go to regular physiotherapist therapies, so they could not notice any change here. Those who receive regular therapies stated in 98% that they did not notice any change in physiotherapy treatment. Only 2% discontinued therapy. This bachelor thesis can be used to acquaint the public with the disease multiple sclerosis. Also to acquaint the public with the related current situation of the Covid-19 pandemic and its impact on the physical activities of patients with multiple sclerosis.
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The analysis of aplication yoga on the mental state for a people with multiple sclerosis
SEDLÁČEK, Lukáš
The Bachelor thesis is focused on the effect of application yoga's exercises for the man with the multiple sclerosis. The effect of yoga's exercises to improve the mental state of man with multiple sclerosis. The theoretical part is aimed at multiple sclerosis, yoga, breathing techniques, physical activity and their affect to human body. Small group of volunteers with multiple sclerosis were chosen to do a yoga's exercise. The practical part is focused on yoga's exercises, the Profile of Mood states, done before and after workout. The data were put in MS Excel and the results are described in the graphs and tabs, where are compared with others thesis on the same theme. The results of this thesis approved that yoga's exercises have positive effect on a mental state of members with multiple sclerosis.
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The Socioeconomic Consequences of Multiple Sclerosis
KRAJÍCOVÁ, Anna
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of the socio-economic consequences of multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that impacts the nervous system. This disease mainly disables people in productive years, therefore brings even socie-economic problems. In the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis is introduced to the disease themselves, then manifestation, process, and result. These factors have an impact on the social and work abilities of these people. The theoretical part also describes possibilities by financial support and contributions which can some of the patients use. area of social services is also described. The research part of the bachelor thesis is based on a quantitative methodology and a questionnaire survey was used. 151 people with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis participated in the study. The aim of the work was to find out the opinions and stance of respondents on the issue of disease in the socio-economic area and in their lives. and in this context, 4 hypotheses were selected and statistically tested. These hypotheses have not been confirmed by research.
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"The Ambitious Women Illness" Gender Dimensions of Diagnostic Process of Multiple Sclerosis
Nejedlá, Adéla ; Sokolová, Věra (advisor) ; Kobová, Ĺubica (referee)
Diploma thesis analyses gendered dimensions pervading diagnostic process of multiple sclerosis based on semi structured interviews with women targeting their own lived experience and perspective. Theoretical part of this work introduces basic concepts and groundwork arising from previous research including the main and following topics. Starting with medical discourse and continuing with gender bias in medicine, which is amongst others represented by medicalisation of the female body. I also touched upon the topic of delayed diagnosis and introduced basic information about multiple sclerosis. Empirical part describes the goal of this work through qualitative research which was chosen with the vision of analysing specific female experience. Through interviews I had the opportunity to hear a real world stories about lives of women living with multiple sclerosis. Those stories lead me to possibly new findings about the diagnostic process. With this work I would like to bring some improvements to the complex diagnostic process. Key words Gender bias, medicine, diagnostic process, multiple sclerosis, gender stereotypes, semi structured interviews
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