|
|
The specifics of nursing care in women with preeclampsia
PIKLOVÁ, Žaneta
The bachelor thesis is called Specifics of Midwife Care for a Woman with Preeclampsia. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and research part. The theoretical part is devoted to pregnancy itself and its division into physiological, risky and pathological pregnancy. It also describes morning gestosis, what are it's difficulties it and how it manifests itself. This bachelor thesis also deals with late gestotis, with it'sdefinition and with criterias for it's diagnosis. Subsequently, the theoretical part deals with women with preeclampsia, where preeclampsia is described. Above al lit describes, its etiology, symptoms, risk factors as well as its diagnosis and prevention. In the theoretical part, the care provided by the midwife for a woman with preeclampsia is shown. Also, the theoretical work presents and describes complications that can occur during pregnancy with preeclampsia. The termination of the theoretical work involves the education of a woman with preeclampsia by a midwife, where the definition of education is illustrated and its principles are described. This bachelor's thesis goal is to find out what is included in the specific care of midwives for a woman with preeclampsia. Two research questions have been asked: How do midwife provide care to women with preeclampsia? What are the expectations of pregnant women in provided midwifery care? A qualitative research survey was carried out using deep individual semi-structured interviews. These were conducted with nine pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia and with eight midwives. Pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia as well as midwives were informed about the topic before the interview and were explained the purpose of the interview. Pregnant women and midwives have been assured to maintain anonymity and to handle the information obtained in accordance with ethical rights and standards. For the semi-structured interview, prepared questions were planned for both women diagnosed with preeclampsia and midwives. In the course of the interview, the information was continuously written and then anonymized. On the basis of the information obtained, the interview was divided into categories and their subcategories. Three main categories were selected for pregnant women with preeclampsia. The first category carries the Expectation of women, with subcategory Fulfilling Women's Expectations from the Midwife. The second category Women's Knowledge focused on the information received by pregnant women with preeclampsia from midwives or how they searched for information. The third category identified the need for a pregnant women with preeclampsia and whether obstetricians' efforts were obvious to return disrupted needs. Two main categories were selected for midwives. The first category, called Knowledge of Midwives, focuses on whether midwives can describe the symptoms of preeclampsia and its complications. The second category Care Provision focuses on the specific care of midwives for pregnant women with preeclampsia and their needs.
|
|
| |
|
|
Use of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prevention of preeclampsia and eclampsia
Beránková, Hana ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Patková, Anna (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Hana Beránková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, PhD. Title of the bachelor thesis: Use of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prevention of preeclampsia and eclampsia Aim of the thesis: The aim of this thesis was to gain an overview of preeclampsia, to summarize the findings of laboratory examinations for the diagnosis of this disease and to focus on the biochemical markers necessary to recognize the disease. Main findings: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disease, which today is a major complication of pregnancy. Because of the undetermined etiology, neither the prediction nor the diagnosis of this disease is simple. The levels of some biomarkers, measurable in both blood and urine, make it easier to recognize the approaching disease before the first clinical manifestations. However, there is no factor that would reliably determine whether it is preeclampsia. Therefore, combinations of different markers are currently used. Conclusion: The number of markers shown here proves that it is not easy to define the most reliable ones. Today, physicians choose methods to investigate angiogenic factors and the ratio of soluble fms like tyrosine kinase to placental growth factor...
|
|
|
Relation between cardiovascular microRNAs and pregnancy-related complications
Dalecká, Linda ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Daňková, Pavlína (referee)
During the pregnancy, there are many complications, which can affect a fetal development and eventually, its or mother's life. Pre-eclampsia is one of these complications. It is a hypertensive disorder, which appears during the pregnancy. Another example of these complications is an intrauterine growth restriction. It is a condition, when the fetus is not able to reach its genetical growth potential. Both of those pathological disorders are accompanied by changes in microRNA gene expression in placenta, for example miR-16, miR-21, miR-210. Knowledge about these changes in gene expression could represent unique instruments in the field of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of these disorders. This could be benefitial due to the fact, that both of these disorders are responsible for increasing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This work focused on microRNAs, their expression in aformentioned disorders and benefits, which could bring in diagnostics. In this work these two disorders, characteristics of microRNAs and their biogenesi are described. MicroRNAs are interesting for us as potential biomarkers for noninvasive prenatal diagnostics becouse they are present in body fluids, such as plasma, breast milk or amniotic fluid and they are not subject of rapid degradation. Key words:...
|
|
|
Markers for the prediction of preeclampsia and their relevance in the first trimester of pregnancy
Šedová, Lenka ; Kestlerová, Andrea (advisor) ; Švandová, Ivana (referee)
Preelampsia is a clinical syndrome found uniquely in a pregnant patient with an incidence 2 - 8 % of pregnancies worldwide. It is defined as the new onset of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation, resolving with delivery or soon thereafter. Its worst consequences are eclampsia with tonic and clonic seizures and possibly coma. Also pulmonary edema, CNS hemorrhage, anaemia, hepatorenal failure, circulation failure and other complications can occur. In its most severe form, it affects nearly every organ. Preeclampsia remains a major cause of premature delivery and both maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. The origin and the cause of the disease remain unknown and therefore the medical treatment focuses only on clinical manifestations. Timely prediction of preeclampsia would enable accurate therapeutic treatment and a decrease of the threat to maternal and fetal health. In this study, the most important predictive biomarkers of PE and their relevance in the first trimester of gestation are presented. Furthermore, a first trimester screening with the best prediction rates is described. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
The Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Pathogenesis of Placental Insufficinecy
Slabá, Kristýna ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are highly conserved proteins that are part of the universal stress response of the cell. Their main function is to protect cells against structural and functional damage. Organisms exposed to different forms of stress, such as e.g. a lack of nutrients or water, hypoxia, infection or inflammation, demonstrated an increased gene expression of these proteins. Pregnancy complications cause stress conditions for maternal and fetal organism, which may result in an increased gene expression of Hsp. In my thesis, I examined the concentration of extracellular mRNA for five different heat shock proteins (Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90, HspBP1) in the plasma of pregnant women and wheather this concentration is affected by possible pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction and gestational hypertension). I also investigated a possible correlation between mRNA plasma concentration for Hsp and pulsatility index values (PI) obtained by Doppler ultrasound. This research should help to invent a new predictive method for pregnancy complications, based on a detection of specific biomarkers in the first trimester of pregnancy. The research was conducted on plasma samples obtained from peripheral blood of pregnant women, whose collection was performed during clinical manifestations of...
|
|
| |
|
|
Detection of extracellular microRNAs in maternal circulation - diagnosis and prognosis of pregnancy related complications
Ondráčková, Markéta ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Daňková, Pavlína (referee)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs of length 18 to 25 nucleotides that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. Expression of some miRNAs is tissue specific. I assumed that pregnancy induced complications associated with placental insufficiency could be characterized by a unique profil of placental-specific miRNAs in maternal circulation. I measured concentration and gene expression of selected miRNAs (miR-516-5p, miR-517*, miR-518b, miR-520a*, miR-520h, miR-525 and miR-526a) in the plasma of patients with preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and gestational hypertension (GH). The control group consisted of patients with a normal course of pregnancy (FG). I processed 168 plasma samples, the representation of individual diagnosis were as follows: PE 63, FGR 27, GH 23, FG 55. Detection and quantification was carried out by quantitative real-time PCR. I identified three miRNAs with elevated levels in a group of preeclamptic patients: miR-517*, miR-520a* and miR-525. The severity of the PE, which was characterized by a form of the disease (mild or severe PE) and term (before or after the 34th week of pregnancy), did not have a statistically significant effect on the levels of miRNAs. More than a quarter of patients had PE superimposed on previous hypertension. Previous history of...
|
|
|
Heat shock proteins - - their role in diagnosis and prognosis of pregnancy related complications
Dvořáková, Lenka ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Růžičková, Šárka (referee)
Heat shock proteins increase their gene expression after exposure of cells or organisms to some forms of stress, which may be high temperature, infection, inflammation, hypoxia, lack of nutrients and water. Stressful situations for the body are also pregnancy-related complications associated with placental insufficiency - preeclampsia and IUGR, as well as other pregnancy-related complications such as fetal growth restriction and gestational hypertension. Therefore, I examined whether the occurrence of pregnancy-related complications (preeclampsia, fetal growth retardation, gestational hypertension) affect the gene expression of heat shock proteins. Five hsp systems was detected, namely Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90 and HspBP1 in placental tissue samples and whole maternal peripheral blood. Samples came from women with physiological pregnancy and from women with certain pregnancy-related complications (PE, FGR, GH). RNA was isolated from the samples. Detection of hsp expression was performed by using real-time RT-PCR and the comparative Ct method. Changes in gene expression between the test samples and reference sample were examined. To assess the difference between physiological pregnancies and pregnancies with selected pregnancy- related complications, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used....
|
|
|
The Use of Thromboelastography in Evaluation of Coagulation in Fenmales with Physiologial or Pathological Pregnancy
Polák, Ferdinand ; Závada, Josef (advisor) ; Dyr, Jan (referee) ; Feyereisl, Jaroslav (referee)
The Use of Thromboelastography in Evaluation of Coagulation in Females with Physiological or Pathological Pregnancy MUDr. Ferdinand Polák Abstract Introduction: The target of this study was to compare thromboelastography coagulation parameters in the following three groups: a) healthy pregnant women, b) healthy non-pregnant women and c) pregnant women with pathological pregnancy and also to compare it to reference limits for the common population. If appropriate, we would propose recommendations for new reference ranges for pregnant women in their third trimester. Materials and methods: Prospective observational study, comparing, by using thromboelastography, the blood samples of 60 healthy women in their third trimester of pregnancy (group GRAV) to the samples of the control group of 43 healthy non-pregnant fertile women (group NON-GRAV) and to the samples of 50 women with pathological pregnancy (preeclampsia, fetal death) in their third trimester (group PATOL). Selective percentiles were used to determine new reference limits. Results and conclusions: We found statistically significant differences between groups GRAV and NON-GRAV. Therefore, we established, based on our results, new thromboelastography reference limits for pregnant women. Coagulation changes during pathological pregnancy are less...
|
guest ::
