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Nursing care of children with cleft lip and palate
PRÁŠKOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis deals with the nursing care of children witch cleft lip defects and palate. The prevalence of cleft defects has decreased thanks to modern prenatal diagnosis, but cleft palate and cleft lip are still at the top of the ranking among the most common congenital developmental defects. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part describes the anatomy and physiology of the oronasal region, prenatal care, classification of cleft lip and palate, history of treatment and current surgical treatment, nursing process and multidisciplinary care. In this bachelor thesis three objectives were set. The first objective was to determine the nutritional nursing care of children with cleft lip and palate defects. The second objective was to determine the nursing care after surgery for a child with cleft lip and palate defect. The third and final objective was to determine parental awareness of cleft lip and palate defect in their children. The research investigation of the bachelor thesis was conducted through qualitative research in the form of a case study. The case study includes a description of the situation, a description of the factors that caused the situation, a description of the procedures used and their impact on the resolution of the situation, and in particular an evaluation of the resolution of the situation and, where appropriate, suggestions for further action. The content structure became case studies: the characteristics of the client and his/her initial situation. To obtain this information, an analysis of medical records, nursing documentation, child observation and the nursing process was carried out to create a detailed nursing case history of children with the problem using the Nanda Taxonomy II. Based on the information obtained, we developer a nursing plan for two children with surgical correction of this defect. Categorization of the case study was done. According to the detailed analysis of the nursing case studies, we have created categories and subcategories, which are discussed and described in detail under each scheme. The research investigation was conducted in a specialized unit dedicated to the treatment of developmental defects of the lip and palate in pediatric patients. The research was conducted from February to mid-April 2023. Parents of children with cleft defects were interviewed to supplement the information. All of this information that was found is completely anonymous. The interview included a total of 23 pre-designed questions. Individual interviews were recorded on a mobile phone and then transcribed verbatim into Microsoft Word. Then, the parents´ interviews were analyzed and categorized using the pencil-paper method. Based on the research investigation, it was found that care is provided individually, according to the congenital defect in the lip and palate and the extent of its damage. This determines the timeliness of surgical treatment and associated nutrition. A detailed analysis of the nursing process and the creation of nursing diagnoses related to the specific patient with a congenital defect in the lip and palate region was performed. The research revealed that careful professional awareness of the parents was taken care of. Despite the fact that mothers reported sufficient awareness, some sought further information on the internet and/or in leaflets from the doctor. In terms of nursing care for children after surgery, these children are hospitalized as soon as possible after birth. These early surgeries are done for faster healing and from a psychological point of view. This bachelor thesis can be used in theoretical teaching in nursing process focused on surgical issues. In my opinion, this thesis could also be used to expand the awareness of cleft defects among health care professionals in practice.
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Role of nurse in organ donation in pediatric patiens
Votavová, Kateřina ; Kulířová, Veronika (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
The topic of my diploma thesis is the issue of nursing care in pediatric patients before consumption of organs at the resuscitation department. I consider this topic socially very topical because the number of transplant candidates on transplantation lists is constantly increasing. Since child transplant candidates are the most vulnerable group, I have focused on child organ donors. The theoretical part criticizes the concept of death and threat, including examination methods that lead to brain death. I present the activities of the Coordination Center of the Transplant and Coordi- nated Coordinator in a donor program that seeks to proliferate the transplant program. An important component is legal legislation and ethical aspects, which are an integral part of the donor system in the Czech Republic. Study materials I searched in the databases NLK, SVKKL, Medvik, Embase, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Medscape. The research was conducted from the National Medical Library and from the Central Bohemian Library in Kladno. I got statistical data from web sources, especially from KST. Methodology: The choice of the case study best fulfills the requirements necessary to map the key moments of nursing care, which may play a role in the timely indication of a potential organ donor, as well as in considering...
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Strategies for providing care within a selected endoscopic procedure
ŠAVRDOVÁ, Soňa
The diploma thesis deals with a strategy of providing care within the framework of a colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure. The aim of this thesis is to find out what information is provided by the nurses to the patients during a colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure, what communication techniques are used by the nurses within the framework of reducing the fear at the patients and what expectations the patients have from the nurses before the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure. Six research questions were established, which surveyed what information is provided by the nurses to the patients during the procedure, what communication techniques are used by the nurses within the framework of reducing the fear at the patients and what expectation the patients have from the nurses. Furthermore, they surveyed what kinds of problem have both the nurses and patients to solve and how the nurses secure the patients´ intimacy within the framework of the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure. In the theoretical part, the thesis is focused on the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system, progress of endoscopic devices, on endoscopy procedures and nursing process within the framework of the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure. And at last but not least, the security of the patient´s intimacy and a role of a nurse - communicator within the framework of the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure. To achieve the aim, the qualitative method of research construction was used with a method of an interview, face-to-face technique at the patients undergoing the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure and at the nurses providing these patients with nursing care. The research construction was supplemented with the nurses´ observation. The results from the obtained data led to the conclusion that the nurses ensure the patients´ intimacy properly, use the communication techniques for reducing the fear efficiently, provide the patients with information concerning the endoscopy procedure and that they rarely experienced any problems. Furthermore, the research construction revealed that a varied part of the patients never experienced any problems and their positive expectation from the nurses was fulfilled. The results of the research construction will be offered to the employees of the endoscopy department where the research was performed as a feedback for the approach to the patients within the framework of the colonoscopy and gastroscopy procedure.
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Taking Care of Prostatectomy Patients Making Use of the Callisty Roy Nursing Programme
KRAMÁŘOVÁ, Iva
This diploma thesis deals with nursing care for prostatectomy patients using Callista Roy´s nursing programme. The situation, after prostate surgery, is a new life experience for men, that takes adaptation. Callista Roy, the author of Adaptation Model, was dealing with patient adaptation. The diploma thesis has set three aims. The first aim was to find out what interventions are used by nurses to support patient adaptation after prostatectomy in individual Callista Roy´s adaptation models. The second aim was to find out what stimuli nurses observe while providing prostatetomy patients with nursing care, and the third aim was to find out what problems prostatectomy patients face in individual adaptation modes. Three research questions were determined for these three aims. The diploma thesis contains two research files. The first research file are Urological Intensive Care Unit nurses and the other one are patients hospitalized at the Urological Standard Unit. Data was collected using qualitative research, methodology of questionnaires, interviewing technnique in prostatectomy patients at a hospital facility and nurses taking care of these patients. The survey is made complete by participant observation. The survey was carried out in February and March 2023. Nurse interview results have proven that nurses apply elements of the adaptation physiological mode when providing prostatectomy patients with nursing care. Patient interview results have proven they do not observe any problem in adapting to hospital environment nor in adapting to the state after having their prostate removed. The patient interview results have implicitly proven that they downplay the problems, and they would appreciate some help supporting their adaptation. The results of this diploma thesis may serve as a study material for healthcare field students. The diploma thesis may serve as inspiration for nurses supporting patient adaptation to carried-out prostatectomy.
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The issue of providing nursing care in acute psychiatric wards in connection with the covid-19 infection
TURKOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor thesis focuses on the providing of nursing care in acute psychiatric wards in the context of Covid-19 infection. The theoretical part of the thesis starts with an overview of the organization of psychiatric care in the Czech Republic. It then focuses on selected acute conditions of patients admitted to acute psychiatric wards, including schizophrenia, neurotic, stress and somatoform disorders, and mental health disorders caused by alcohol and psychoactive substance use. Special attention is given to Covid-19 disease and its impact on acute psychiatric wards. The theory also addresses the providing of nursing care during the Covid-19 pandemic, including hygiene measures. The empirical part of the thesis is developed through a qualitative investigation with a semi-structured interview technique. Using open coding, the data was divided into three categories and six sub-categories. The research population, consisted of 10 informants. They were nurses, from different facilities, who work in acute psychiatric wards and who worked in this ward during the Covid-19 pandemic. Their experience in health care ranges from 4 to 49 years. The sample was selected by purposive sampling. The final part of the thesis focuses on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on acute psychiatric wards and nursing care. The results of the data analysis provide valuable insights into this issue. One of the key areas examined was changes in the operation of psychiatric wards due to the pandemic. Some wards were reconfigured into specialist covide wards, while others were divided into sections for patients with and without the disease. This measure involved intensive training of staff to work in an infectious environment and increased monitoring of patients for possible infection.
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The Nursing Care of the Patient after Kidney Transplant
Ondřichová, Adéla ; Bakusová, Tereza (advisor) ; Komínek, Tomáš (referee)
(v AJ) This bachelor thesis focuses on nursing care for a patient after kidney transplantation and presents a case study of a specific patient with chronic renal injury due to Alport syndrome, who underwent kidney transplantation from a cadaveric donor. The aim of this thesis is to describe and evaluate the nursing care provided to the patient after kidney transplantation. The theoretical part provides an overview of renal failure, elimination methods, aspects related to transplantation, and a crucial section, patient education after transplantation. In the practical part are described the basic steps of preparing the patient for kidney transplantation and following nursing care in the first few days after transplantation. The case study of the patient is presented by describing his health status before and after transplantation. At the end of this part are described nursing diagnoses, the results of nursing care, and its effectiveness in the context of the patient's overall health status. Key words: kidney transplant, nursing care, postoperative care, patient education, immunosuppressive therapy
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Regime of a Diabetic Patient during Hospitalization in the Surgical Ward at IKEM
Slavíková, Petra ; Bakusová, Tereza (advisor) ; Komínek, Tomáš (referee)
The bachelor's thesis focuses on research during the hospitalization of three type II. diabetics at the Transplantation Surgery Clinic at IKEM. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part describes the anatomy, history of diabetes, diagnosis, possible complications of diabetes, potential therapy, education of diabetics, and nursing care for diabetics. The practical part focuses on independent research of the regime by monitoring the diabetics for two days during their hospitalization. The aim of the thesis is to focus on the precise course of hospitalization for diabetics. The aim is not to control the correct course, but rather to examine the regime that is provided to diabetics on the surgical ward at IKEM. The thesis evaluates the regularity and amount of food intake, blood glucose measurements, insulin administration, and adherence to dietary measures. The thesis describes the individual nutrition of the selected diabetics, with precisely measured blood glucose values and the amount of insulin administered. It also includes final questioning of the patients on specific questions closely related to the regime. The goal of the interview was to identify potential complications that patients suffer from. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, blood glucose, IKEM, nursing care
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Communication with elderly people with dementia in nursing care
Novotná, Michaela ; Kutnohorská, Jana (advisor) ; Vachková, Eva (referee)
Institution: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové Department of Non-Medical Studies Title: Communication with elderly people with dementia in nursing care Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Jana Kutnohorská, CSc. Number of pages: 107 Number of appendices: 15 Year of defense: 2023 Keywords: Communication, elderly, dementia, ethics, dignity, nursing staff, nursing care, burnout syndrome Bachelor thesis focuses on the communication of nursing staff with elderly people with dementia in nursing care. It deals with communication with respect to human dignity, and also looks at the prevention of burnout syndrome. The basis of the bachelor's thesis is a quantitative research on the way of communication of nursing staff with elderly people with dementia syndrome and methods of staff's respite from work. The personnel studied are direct nursing care workers in hospitals and homes for the elderly in a total of 11 facilities (4 hospitals and 7 homes for the elderly) in the Hradec Králové region.
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Nursing care of a patient with cardiometabolic syndrome
TUROŇOVÁ, Irena
Current status: Civilization diseases such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus have been known for a long period of time The aim of this thesis was to chart the awareness of patients and nurses in the field of cardiometabolic syndrome and at the same time find out how general nurse educates about it. Methodology: In this thesis there was used a quantitative research method in form of structured questionnaires. The questionnaires were formed for patients diagnosed with a cardiometabolic syndrome and for general nurses in general practiticioners´ offices and in inpatient wards. A total amount of 327 respondents included 220 patients and 107 general and practical nurses. The research took place in two hospitals in the Vysočina county and in several general practitioners´ offices. The selection of the research set was intentional. The size of the file was determined by data saturation. Results: We found that only 83 % of nurses educate in the inpatient ward, while in the general practitioner's office every nurse, so 100 %. Next what we found was that the length of practice has no effect on the general nurse's education in the general practitioner's office or in the inpatient department. The chi-square test confirmed it for us, the result of which was 61 %. It was investigated that the knowledge of risk factors for the disease cardiometabolic syndrome affects the length of the treatment. Again, we verified this thesis with the chi-square test, where the significance level was too low (p < 0,05) and the result was 0,20 %. Another finding was that the age of the patients has no affects on the knowledge of the risk factors of cardiometabolic syndrome, which is evidenced by the result of 16 % in the chi-square test. Conclusion: In conclusion it can be said that awareness among patients and non-medical health workers in the field of cardiometabolic syndrome is favourable but it is still necessary to educate them. The output of this thesis is the information material called "Education of a patient with cardiometabolic syndrome " which is determined for non-medical health workers who educate patients.
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