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The future of the Responsibility to Protect after experience in Libya and Syria
Komm, Tomáš ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the future of the concept of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and focuses on prospects of the concept after the conflicts in Libya and Syria. Concept of R2P was developed in 2001 as a reaction to the genocide in Rwanda and Srebrenica and attempts to bring an answer to the question, how to react in the situation when a sovereign state fails to protect its population against crimes under international law. In this thesis I examine the application of the concept in Libya and reasons why it was not applied to a similar situation in Syria. I also deal with the subsequent debate which was held on the international stage after experience with these conflicts and I analyse proposals, which were brought into this debate focusing on how to move the concept forward or modify it. I therefore examine the Brazilian concept of the Responsibility while Protecting (RwP), the question of adoption of guidelines for the intervention according to the R2P, the topic of monitoring and accountability of the intervening state, the Responsibility not to veto and the issue of limiting the use of veto in UN Security Council, the possibility of involvement of UN General Assembly in the R2P, the question of prevention and the topic of unilateral non-forcible measures. The unilateral non- forcible measures,...
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Media's perception of the Arab Spring
Houšková, Lenka ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Žáková, Gabriela (referee)
This master's thesis deals with events related to the Arab Spring, specifically during the years of 2011 and 2012 in Egypt, Libya and Syria. It is concerned with media and how selected media covered most important affairs. It presents findings from media theory, as well as the development of Arab Spring in the named three countries. The third part is devoted to the role of traditional media during the Arab Spring, that is of pan-Arabic television networks and national media, and that of the new media, especially of social networks. The fourth part of the thesis analyzes how articles from five news sites in the US, Great Britain, Russia, China and India covered selected events of the Arab Spring in Egypt, Libya and Syria.
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The development of the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy and its manifestation in civilian missions
Valeš, Jan ; Antal, Jarolím (advisor) ; Hnát, Pavel (referee)
The present theses analyses external actions of the EU institutions tasked to implement the CSDP. The text attempts to establish to what extent the CSDP has been practically implemented in the period following the Treaty of Lisbon's coming into effect. To accomplish the task I have chosen to analyze two cases of the EU's involvement in African countries, namely in Libya and Niger. The development of the EU's external action was long and uneasy. The unification of EU's external actions and goals was putted forward by the Treaty of Lisbon. The CSDP is based on consensual negotiations between the governments of individual member states with often differing interests in the international realm. Towards the conclusion, the text demonstrates that the institutions created by the Lisbon Treaty fulfill their role in implementing the prescribed course of external action by the means of various instruments including issuing statements, convening international forums, and cooperating with regional partners. In conclusion, it can be said that in the attempts to assist in solving various issues in African countries and elsewhere the EU clearly demonstrates its intention to stabilize the socio-political situation in individual regions hence deliver on the aim of a peaceful and safe neighborhood.
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Regime Change Policy interventions: Iraq and Libya
Bednáriková, Veronika ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Werner, Jan (referee)
This bachelor's thesis aims to prove or disprove following hypothesis: The interests of western countries have major impact on the present instable situation in the Middle East and North Africa region. First, theoretical chapter defines area of case studies, explains legality and legitimacy, and interprets the national security strategy of the US from 2002, which is also known as Bush doctrine or Regime Change doctrine. Empirical part consists of two case studies: intervention in Iraq 2003 and inervetion in Libya 2011. These case studies are focused on political, economic and cultural context of the interventions. The last part compares Iraq and Libya and both interventions, while searching for a trend that might have the destabilizing effect.
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Military intervention in Libya 2011 and its impacts
Dvorník, Tomáš ; Dubský, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the military intervention in Libya in 2011 with particular emphasis on its execution and its impact. The aim is to assess the intervention both in terms of the application of selected theoretical concepts of international relations, and in terms of real change in the sociopolitical and security situation within the country and the consequences for international security. In the thesis, the concepts of liberal peace and Responsibility to Protect are mentioned. The thesis examines to what extent the two concepts were applied and what impact the intervention had on them. In terms of the analysis of the country's transformation, a special focus is placed on the political stability and the security threats that emerged from the former Gaddafi regime, and the threats posed by present-day Libya.
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Why do states decide for or against the intervention in other states? Case Study: Libya and Syria
Vacková, Kateřina ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
The master thesis on the topic Why do states decide for or against the intervention in other states? Case Study: Libya and Syria is focused on analysing the motives of states, which are crucial for deciding to intervene or not to intervene in the territory of a foreign state. The whole issue is assessed from the perspective of two major theories of international relations - liberalism and realism. As the first research case was chosen the international community's intervention in Libya in 2011. The case was analysed from the perspective of Sweden, which took part in the operation by the deployment of eight fighters Jas 39 Gripen. As the second case was chosen the civil war in Syria, which has been underway since 2011 and whose situation would have required similar interference by the international community. However, this has not happen until that time, although the states are militarily involved in Syria. This case was analysed from the view of Russia, which did not take part in operation in Libya, but since September 2015 has been involved in fighting on the ground in Syria. As a last case was chosen Great Britain, which has militarily participated in both conflicts. For the analysis itself was used Ortega's typology of interventions, which was adapted for the purpose of this work. The different...
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The Caliphate on the Halt: Explaining the Stalling Campaign of the Islamic State in Libya
Lovecký, Tomáš ; Ludvík, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
This diploma thesis examines the prospects of the Islamic State's expansion to Libya. Using the method of process tracing, the author assesses the campaign of the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq and establishes 6 factors he calls ‚enablers' that played key roles in facilitating its success - the ideology, exploitation of state breakdown and governance, funding, combat know-how, propaganda, and sectarianism. He dedicates special attention to the problematics of sectarianism and the way the Islamic State made instrumental use of it in both of these countries. The author then proceeds to assess the viability of the IS enterprise in Libya, examining whether the conditions and circumstances in the country are conducive for an IS unsurgency. He identifies 8 structural conditions that underpinned the relevant enablers in Syria and assesses their relevance in Libya. Comparison of the two cases shows that except for sectarianism all the structural conditions are relevantly present in Libya which, according to J. S. Mill's method of a difference of J. S. Mill's method of a difference, should explain the stalling campaign of IS in Libya. The author proceeds to confirm this hypothesis by assessing the actual campaign of the Islamic State in Libya. He contends the Islamic State tried to follow the successful...
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The Influence of the Arab Spring on US-Saudi Relations
Pánek, Robin ; Raška, Francis (advisor) ; Bečka, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence, which the events of the Arab Spring had on the relations between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It examines the events of the Arab Spring in four countries, which are important both for the Arab Spring itself and thanks to their specific relations to both observed states. The countries are Tunisia (where the events of the Arab Spring first started and from where they began to spread to other countries of the Arab world), Egypt (long-time partner of both the United States and Saudi Arabia in the region), Libya (first country, where was undertaken a foreign military intervention with the participation of the United States regarding the Arab spring) and Saudi Arabia itself (where the protests were appeased, but from where a military intervention against neighboring Bahrain was launched). Apart from a chronological account of the events, part of the thesis is also an analysis of the stances of both observed states on these events. Comparing these stances, the thesis aims to show how big an influence the potential differences in stance had on mutual relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia. In the case of the stances of the United States, the thesis uses the freely accessible press statements and speeches of the...
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The Involvement of the International Criminal Court in Investigating Crimes outside Armed Conflict
Patková, Lucie ; Werkman, Kateřina (advisor) ; Pulgret, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with the question, in which situation the International Criminal court would probably open an Investigation of such crimes by an international body is a delicate question mainly with regard to a great extend of intervention into a state sovereignty, which manifests itself also as jurisdictional sovereignty. The thesis focuses on the case of Kenyan post-election violence in years of 2007 and 2008 and the aim to suppress Libyan revolution of 2011. Besides, the work is based upon the theory of (liberal) institutionalism, which could hopefully be applied to the international-law case of investigation of the crimes committed outside an armed conflict. Within the framework of the thesis I try to reveal criteria determining whether the International Criminal court opens or not an investigation to a situation of human rights abuse. For the purpose I take into consideration world and local country status, character of the perpetrators, extend of the attacks, country's relation to the great powers, as well as readiness of the country to prosecute the perpetrators within the national jurisdiction. As conclusion I try t compare the findings from the part applying liberal institutionalism and from the case studies.
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