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Heart rate changes during walking and running
Smolinský, Dominik ; Kozumplík, Jiří (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with monitoring dynamic changes in heart rate during walking and running. The heart rate is calculated from the QRS complexes of the ECG signal. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the theoretical knowledge and then make measurements of individuals from 2 groups, fit athletes and less fit athletes. Thus, the theoretical part is discussed first, where all the information regarding the cardiovascular system, heart rate and HRV are described. The second part of the thesis is practical and deals with specific measurements, their processing and statistic analysis. It also describes the basic equipment and measurement protocol.
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The role of Arachidonic acid metabolites in cardiovascular system and signaling of heart failure
Liptáková, Andrea ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Holzerová, Kristýna (referee)
Arachidonic acid (AA) is polyunsaturated acid that plays an important role in regulation of physiology, bioenergetic and signalling cascades in the heart. AA released by phospholipase A2-catalysed hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids serves as substrate for cyclooxygenase, lipooxygenase and cytochrome P450 epoxygenase to produce a wide spectrum of lipid second messengers, eicosanoids. These very biologically potent molecules regulate a number of cellular processes in the cardiovascular system and changes in their composition and concentration significantly contribute to heart failure. The aim of this thesis was to summarize current knowledge about the role of AA in failing heart. Keywords : Heart, Arachidonic Acid, Heart Failure, Eicosanoids, Cardiovascular System
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The effect of sauna on the changes of blood pressure
Benko, Michal ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Heller, Jan (referee)
Title: The effect of sauna on the changes of blood pressure Objectives: The aim of this study was the measure of the physiological range (blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation) of two selected groups of people within the sauna cycle, assess changes and compare the results of individual probands and groups. Methods: This thesis is conducted as an experimental study. This is a quantitative method, in that will be at first established hypotheses and then evaluated on the basis of the obtained results. The independent variable in this research is the sauna and dependent variables are blood pressure, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation. Results: Blood pressure values were at employee of sauna lower than at other probands, thereby was confirmed hypothesis, but expected significant differences between the measured values of each group were absent. At the same time there was a further confirmation of the hypothesis concerning heart rate, which was increased at all probands. The last confirmed hypothesis related to the blood oxygen saturation and its reduce after the sauna. It could be said that all the defined hypotheses were confirmed. Keywords: sauna, blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, cardiovascular system
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Generator of the Spatial Structure of the Cardiovascular System of the Human Hand Finger
Gajdoš, Samuel ; Goldmann, Tomáš (referee) ; Drahanský, Martin (advisor)
The work contains theoretical knowledge in the field of scanning the veins of the human finger as a biometric feature. In addition to the study of biometrics, the thesis also includes resources from the field of medicine, where it mainly studies the anatomy and distribution of organs in the human finger. Subsequently, the algorithm that was selected to generate the spatial structure of the cardiovascular system of the human finger is discussed. This is a Space Colonization algorithm that was not created for this purpose. However, with small modifications to the basic algorithm, this procedure proved to be relatively efficient and suitable for the given task. The work also describes the used programming environment Processing and its libraries, which were used in the implementation of the spatial model generator.
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Influence of postural change to the pulse wave velocity in the upper limb
Sakmárová, Klára ; Hrušková, Jana (referee) ; Svačinová, Jana (advisor)
This thesis is devoted to the topic of pulse wave velocity in the upper limb based on changes in body position. The work includes a literature search from the mentioned area, where it focuses mainly on the cardiovascular system, the pulse wave, its propagation in the human body, the clinical significance of the pulse wave and the factors that affect it. Pulse wave examination has now become an important part of the preclinical diagnosis of atherosclerosis or arterial stiffness. Examination of the pulse wave velocity as well as examination of the vascular system as part of early diagnosis is highly desirable for the stratification of cardiovascular diseases and subsequent mortality. In this work we will evaluate the speed of the pulse wave based on the time distance between the oscillation R on the ECG and the passage of the pulse wave under the pressure sensor located on the finger. In the MATLAB, a software solution of selected procedures for ECG measurement and blood pressure recording heart rate after heart rate is made. The measured values on a group of volunteers are statistically processed and subsequently discussed.
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ECG and PPG derived respiration estimation
Chmela, Radek ; Smital, Lukáš (referee) ; Králík, Martin (advisor)
This work deals with the estimation of the respiratory curve from ECG and PPG signals. The first part deals with the description and monitoring of electrical activity of the heart, physiology and methodology of respiratory sensing and photoplethysmography. The second part deals with methods of extracting respiratory cycle information from ECG and PPG recordings. The third part deals with the algorithmic implementation and evaluation of individual procedures for estimating the breath curve from both of the above-mentioned signals on records from the web PhysioNet. In the last part, the algorithms are compared and evaluated.
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Artificial heart on the principle of gas accumulators
Kunický, Ondřej ; Fialová, Simona (referee) ; Pochylý, František (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the design of an artificial heart based on the principle of gas accumulators. The introductory part describes the anatomy and physiology of the human cardiovascular system, mechanical heart replacement and the basic properties of pneumatic mechanisms. Furthermore, there is shown the procedure of pneumatic circuit design and its simulation in the program Simulink. The experimental part contains verification of the functionality of the pneumatic circuit, designed the positive displacement pump, and the measured characteristics of both ventricles. The last part of the work deals with the reduction possibilities of dimensions and weight of the whole mechanism. There is also included computational modelling of the pneumatic circuit using helium as a working medium.
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Role of uric acid in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases
Vlková, Kateřina ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Kateřina Vlková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, PhD. Title of the bachelor thesis: The role of uric acid in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases The basic biological function of uric acid in the human body is to protect cells from oxidative damage. More precisely, its behavior depends on the physico-chemical environment in which it is located. Under certain conditions and higher concentration in serum, it may act as a prooxidant and participate in the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases. These are mainly kidney disease, non-alcoholic steatosis of the liver, diabetes mellitus II. type and metabolic syndrome. These diseases can precede cardiovascular risk. Cardiovascular failure may be caused by some mechanisms. These mechanisms include especially oxidative stress, inflammation, reduced availability of nitric oxide and endothelial dysfunction, proliferation of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels, insulin resistance or metabolic disorders. The cause of cardiovascular disease associated with uric acid has not been proved. It can only serve as a intermediator of harmful effects on vascular tissue and myocardium. Keywords: uric acid, oxidative stress, inflammation,...
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Methods for respiration estimates from ECG signal
Mitrengová, Jana ; Mézl, Martin (referee) ; Králík, Martin (advisor)
The thesis deals with the realization of methods for estimation of the respiratory curve from the ECG signal. The first part of the thesis deals with the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory and cardiovascular system. In this part of the thesis are also described ways of the breathing monitoring. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the description of individual methods for the ECG derived respiration. The third part deals with the realization of selected methods, application of method algorithms on real data and comparison of resulting respiratory curves with the respiratory signals available from the PhysioNet database. In conclusion, the individual methods are compared with each other.
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