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Emerging cardiovascular risk markers in diagnostics and therapy
Tůmová, Eva ; Vrablík, Michal (advisor) ; Freiberger, Tomáš (referee) ; Polák, Jan (referee)
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries with an enormous influence on individual health and significant socioeconomic impact as well. The aim of most physicians in recent decades is to seek the best possible predicative risk factor (RF) (or combination of several RF) which could help to determine the individual risk of developing CVD. This risk stratification can be used to identify the high risk patients and treatment intensification or establishment of early preventive measures. Currently, several RF of atherosclerosis and CVD are commonly used to individualize health care. However, individuals with low levels of these RF suffer of CVD, therefore the effort to find as much as possible specific RF still persists. In recent years, the inflammatory markers, crucial in the atherosclerosis development, raise great expectation In our studies, we focused on investigating the levels of inflammatory parameters in specific groups of patients (obese children and patients with metabolic syndrome) and observed the effect of weight loss following lifestyle changes. Our main concern was lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), oxidized LDL particles (ox-LDL) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). The results demonstrated significantly...
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The quality of smokers life after an outbreak of a cardiovascular disease in connection with the decision to quit smoking
Šeredová, Eliška ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Barták, Miroslav (referee)
Background: Smoking is the cause of the deaths of up to 7,000,000 people worldwide and can be referred to as a global pandemic. There are 25% of the adult population smoke in the Czech Republic and it is estimated that there are currently 2.4 million active daily smokers. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in the Czech Republic and approximately 50,000 people die every year. In all these deaths, smoking accounts for 26% of men and 12% of women. According to available studies, smoking is directly related to CVD and is a major risk factor for this disease. Both of them, tobacco use and chronic CVD are thought to have a significant impact on the deterioration in quality of life. Aims : The main goal of the diploma thesis was to assess the subjective perception of the quality of life of smokers in connection with the decision to quit smoking in the acute phase of cardiovascular disease and with a three- month interval to find possible connections between tobacco use and quality of life. Methods: The research was based on a quantitative approach, in the form of a questionnaire survey. A set of 34 respondents was selected according to predetermined criteria. These were patients III. Department of Internal Medicine - Cardiology Clinic, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady,...
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The knowledge of affected risk factors of cardiovascular illnesses of Havlíčkův Brod inhabitants in two groups: from 18 to 40 years and from 40 years higher.
TŘÍSKOVÁ, Lucie
Topic of the bachelor thesis: Knowledge of influenceable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases of inhabitants of Havlíčkův Brod in two groups at the age of 18-40 years and of 40 and more. Theoretical Background: The bachelor thesis begins with a brief anatomy description. Then we characterized the most common cardiovascular diseases that make public trouble. Furthermore, the thesis is focused on the description of influenceable risk factors. These include hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, psychosocial factors, low physical activity and nutrition. Prevention is described for each risk factor. The last chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to education and its importance for prevention. Objectives of the thesis: The aim of the thesis was to compare the knowledge of the controllable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases of the inhabitants of Havlíčkův Brod in two groups at the age of 18-40 and of 40 and more. Then, to describe the knowledge of these risk factors and compare the knowledge in women and men. Methodology: The research investigated the knowledge of influenceable risk factors that cause cardiovascular disease. The research of the bachelor thesis was carried out a quantitative research strategy using the method of anonymous non-standardized questionnaire. The criterion for entry into the survey was the age over 18. Before the final distribution of the questionnaire, we conducted piloting, focusing on the clarity of questions and their answers. The questionnaires were subsequently distributed in printed and electronic form. The questionnaire consists of 19 questions. Questions of the questionnaire are divided according to the way of answer into questions closed, semi-closed and open. The obtained data were processed into descriptive tables and graphs, followed by statistical analysis, which tested the mentioned hypotheses. Results: We chose two hypotheses. The first was: "The knowledge of influencable risk factors for cardiovascular disease will vary in the age groups compared." Second hypothesis: "The knowledge of influenceable risk factors for cardiovascular disease varies between men and women. We conducted the research using questionnaires that we distributed to the inhabitants of Havlíčkův Brod. The population had to be at the age of 18 or older. The first hypothesis was not confirmed. Both age groups have shown the same knowledge in this field. By analyzing the data, we found that both groups had the same knowledge, but this knowledge is insufficient, 57 % (34) of the respondents of both age groups did not show sufficient knowledge. Further analysis compared knowledge about influenceable risk factors between women and men. Women living in Havlíčkův Brod reported more knowledge than men. The second hypothesis was confirmed, 51 % (38) women and men 30 % (14) (Table 3). From the overall research, I was most disappointed by the result when respondents said that the physician and nurse were almost never talking about cardiovascular disease prevention. In this result, I see a serious problem, and if education by doctors or nurses is going to be as it should, knowledge might be better.
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Prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases
Hrdinová, Zuzana ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Tůmová, Eva (referee)
Preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is one of the main components of preventive medicine. This thesis deals with prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The theoretical part describes the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which is at the background of 90 % of CVD. The next chapters deal with the most common cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. There is described determination of cardiovascular risk and a nutritional prevention is included at the end of the theoretical part. A part of this work is a research carried out on 107 randomly selected individuals. The main objective was to find out the level of knowledge of this individuals about the possibilities of prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The survey was performed in a questionnaire survey, both in electronic and printed form. The survey revealed that the majority of respondents (87,9 %) correctly associate the CVD with an inappropriate lifestyle, only 12,1 % of respondents considered the most important factor in genetics. The negative influence of inappropriate meals and lack of physical activity prevails in the respondents' awareness. Most respondents also correctly stated that CVD accounts for almost 50 % of all deaths in the Czech Republic. An active interest in lifestyle, which is an integral part of preventive measures,...
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Toxicita vybraných antiarytmik (verapamilu a diltiazemu) pro vodní organismy \kur{(Dpahnia magna)}
DOKOUPILOVÁ, Eliška
This bachelor thesis deals with a group of antiarrhythmic drugs and their toxicity to aquatic organisms. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the basic characteristics and distribution of antiarrhythmics, their mechanism of action and therapeutic use in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases together with their occurrence in the aquatic environment. Toxicology testing and related adverse effects of drugs on aquatic organisms are also described. The experimental part presents the results from a 21 day chronic toxicity test of verapamil and its degradation products on number of juveniles, number of broods and the body size of cladoceran Daphnia magna.
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Risk factors of atherogenesis and comparsion of nutritious habits of czech and german patients with manifestation of atherosclerosis
Mariánusová, Denisa ; Tuka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee)
Kardiovaskulární onemocnění představují ve vyspělých zemích navzdory neustále se zlepšující úrovni lékařské péče a časnějšímu záchytu aterosklerotického postižení cév stále nejčastější příčinu mortality. Obsahem teoretické části této práce je aterosklerotického procesu a rozbor nejvýznamnějších rizikových faktorů. Dále jsou zde popsány projevy manifestovaných forem aterosklerózy a značná část práce je také zaměřena na nutriční prevenci. Praktická část práce si dává za cíl zjišťovat stravovací návyky a přítomnost významných rizikových faktorů aterosklerózy u českých a německých pacientů manifestovanou určitou formou aterosklerózy. Dále se porovnávají rozdíly ve stravovacích návycích mezi těmito dvěma skupinami pacientů. Do výzkumu bylo zařazeno celkem 52 pacientů, 32 německých a 20 českých. Jednalo se o pacienty po prodělaném infarktu myokardu, cévní mozkové příhodě, dále pacienty diagnózou anginy pectoris, ischemické choroby dolních končetin a s ní aorty nebo po operaci tohoto aneuryzmatu. Sběr dat se prováděl kvantitativní Výzkum potvrdil přítomnost minimálně tří hlavních rizikových faktorů aterosklerózy až u 80 % pacientů. Nejčastější u sledovaných pacientů byl výskyt infarktu myokardu (44 %), následovaný ischemickými chorobami dolních končetin (27 %). Při porovnávání stravovacích návyků českých a...
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Healthy diet awareness in patients of cardiology clinics
Rejtarová, Anna ; Tuka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Matznerová, Zuzana (referee)
The thesis focuses on the issue of healthy diet in patients of cardiology clinics. The theoretical part of the thesis easily introduces the reader to the problems of cardiovascular disease. Following is a review of the current dietary recommendations, which aims to provide a summary of the current knowledge in the field of nutrition. It is well known that a healthy lifestyle can prevent or alleviate a heart disease. For this reason, the thesis aims to determine the familiarity of patients of cardiology clinics with nutritional and dietary recommendations. In the practical part, the results of the questionnaire survey carried out in thirty one patients of cardiology clinics are presented and discussed. The work is accompanied by an informative leaflet for the patients, which is based on the findings from the practical part. The leaflet can help patients of cardiology clinics to be well versed in the issue of healthy eating.
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Evaluation of animal fat consumption of patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus
Šťovíčková, Jana ; Vrablík, Michal (advisor) ; Šnejdrlová, Michaela (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on animal fat consumption of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Content of thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The main objective of theoretical part is to provide a general description of lipids in terms of distribution, structure, characteristics and their role in human organism. In the following chapters metabolism and transport of lipids is described with more attention to details. The last part of theoretical part deals with animal fats in nutrition, mostly risk factors as a consequence of their increased consumption, and dietary measures as a prevention and therapy of CVD and DM. The practical part of bachelor's thesis is based on assessment survey. The object of this survey was the evaluation of eating habits, mainly the measure of animal fats consumption of patients with CVD and DM. Next object of interest was the evaluation of awareness, knowledge and education these patients have about dietary measures in relation to their disease. Question about the way how are these measures followed by patients was also examined. The survey was conducted in the diabetological center and also in the centre of preventive cardiology of General Teaching Hospital in Prague on patients with CVD and DM. Key words: lipids,...
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Psychosomatic influence on the cause of cardiovaskular diseases? (Psychosocial insight into the world of the patient)
Menšíková, Monika ; Hadaš, Lubomír (advisor) ; Gigalová, Veronika (referee)
Name and surname of the author: Monika Menšíková Institution: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Social Medicine, Department of Nursing Tittle: Psychosomatics influence on the causes of cardiovascular diseases? (Psychosocial insight into the world of the patient) Supervisor: MUDr. Lubomír Hadaš Number of pages: 68 Number of attachments: 6 Year of defense: 2016 Keywords: psychosomatic, cardiovascular disease, psychosocial world, story of life, influence of childhood, influence of stress Summary: This thesis examines with looking at the patient's psychosocial world view of the nurses and the potential impact on the psychosocial field of cardiovascular disease. In the empirical part are collected and analyzed information from the lives of six patients suffering from ill- health are cardiovascular in nature. The talks I had with six patients, and the data was analyzed by open coding.
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Eating habits of clients after cardiac and vascular incidents
Šatrová, Jiřina ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Goláň, Lubor (referee)
The thesis is divided into two parts, the theoretical and research. The theoretical part deals with the issues dyslipoproteinemia and their classification. generally describes a composition of different types of lipid and versatile metabolism. Discusses about the risk factors of atherosclerosis and the originator of cardiovascular disease. Finally analyzes in detail of treatment of dyslipidemia, ie. Pharmacotherapy and summarize the principles of diet therapy, adherence to proper diet and draws attention to preventive measures The aim of the research part is real verification of awareness and level of patient's eating habits after cardiac and vascular insufficiency.
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