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Factors influencing butterfly diversity of the species-rich Submediterranean region
BARTOŇOVÁ, Alena
This thesis focuses on the history, current state, and conservation of butterfly diversity in the Submediterranean grasslands and Palaearctic steppes. The thesis is introduced with the summary of Cenozoic history of the steppe biome in Eurasia. Then it consists of three studies. The first study describes butterfly communities and microhabitat selection of a steppe specialist butterfly Proterebia afra in two relic grassland areas in the Balkans. Based on genetic markers and samples covering the whole distribution ranges, the second and third studies assess the phylogeography of two steppe butterflies, P. afra and Pseudophilotes bavius, distributed in the Irano-Anatolian region, the Balkans, as well as the northern Palaearctic steppes.
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Czech-Balkan counterpoint: Ethnography of the phenomenon Balkan music in Prague
Libánská, Alena ; Jurková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Matoušek, Vlastislav (referee) ; Skořepová, Zita (referee)
This Ph.D. thesis deals with the musical phenomenon Balkan music in Prague. The so- called Balkan music (in the sense of Shelemay's 2006 soundscape) is considered to be the result of social negotiating (counterpoint) between the agents, i.e., the Czech musicians and audience, and also those (musicians and audience) who originally come from the Balkan countries. Using the tools of ethnographic research, the thesis explores the nature of this relationship. Specifically, I focus on the very creation of the concept Balkan music in the Czech scene and the role the Balkan migration plays in its formation. It turns out that the very imagination of the 'Balkans' plays a key role in defining the phenomenon, and the form of music itself is the result of the imaginations of (an imaginary) milieu (i.e., stereotypes) that is perceived as culturally distant (Todorova 2009).
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The impact of the war in Kosovo on the relationship of Russian and the USA
Hromas, Adam ; Tejchman, Miroslav (advisor) ; Litera, Bohuslav (referee)
The task of the bachelor work "The impact of the war in Kosovo on the relationship of Russia amd the USA" is to answer through comparative analysis the issue of what impact the war in Kosovo had on the American-Russian relationship or possibly to eradicate this impact. The text deals with the policies of the USA and Russia in the context of the Kosovo war, not as a historic event. It is divided into three chapters: The first chapter describes the attitude of NATO, especially of the USA toward Serbia mainly regarding policies toward Serbia prior to, and during the war, and political activities ending the war. In the second chapter there are the same topics seen from the view of Russia toward Serbia. In the third and last chapter there is comparing of these two approaches going on, and based on it the final position to the main issue of the research is worked out.
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Phylogeny and phylogeography of the cyprinid fish genus Pelasgus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
Viñuela Rodríguez, Nuria ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Rovatsos, Michail (referee)
The genus Pelasgus (Cyprinidae) is endemic to the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula and includes seven species. In this work, a multilocus approach has been applied to study phylogenetic relationships between the species and their populations and to revise their distribution areas. 180 specimens from 47 localities from 30 river drainages were analyzed, comprehensively covering the distribution range of the genus. Moreover, samples from type localities of all species were included in the analyses. Mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and nuclear markers (the first intron of ribosomal protein S7, recombination activating gene RAG1 and rhodopsin) were used. Existence of seven well supported lineages was revealed based on cytochrome b, which is the most variable marker. These lineages correspond to P. laconicus, P. marathonicus, P. minutus, P. stymphalicus, P. thesproticus, P. prespensis and Pelasgus sp. The most variable nuclear marker was first intron of S7, which provides almost the same results as cytochrome b, revealing six well supported lineages, whereas RAG1 and rhodopsin appear to be less informative, revealing only four well supported clades. These markers did not separate several species (P. marathonicus, P. stymphalicus, P. thesproticus, and Pelasgus sp.) due to low variability of the markers...
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Development of endemic freshwater ichthyofauna of Greece
Kyralová, Eva ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Švátora, Miroslav (referee)
The Balkans is one of the hot spots of biodiversity, and is known for a high diversity and endemism of freshwater fishes. The development of Greece was significantly affected by the climatic, geologic and orogenetic events resulting in high concentration of freshwater fish endemism. Some of the important historical events were the emergence of land bridges during the early Oligocene and Miocene, through which freshwater fishes dispersed to the Balkans from Asia and subsequently to Africa, the freshwater phase of the Paratethys sea or Alpine orogeny, which began 65 million years ago, and which gradually formed the Greek mountain systems, leading to a long-term isolation of local freshwater ichthyofauna and subsequent speciation. Other major events include Messinian salinity crisis and Pleistocene climate oscillations. Most of the freshwater fish families occurring in Greece most probably originated in the Southeast Asia, from where they colonized the Balkans by several routes. These colonizations took place repeatedly at different times and by different routes. The dispersion of freshwater fishes from Asia to Europe through Siberia started before the uplift of the Ural Mountains about 33 million years ago and continued until Pliocene. Another important colonization route from Asia was via the...
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The Witch character in Albanian culture in comparison with other Balkan States
Nushiová, Suzana ; Otčenášek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vinš, Přemysl (referee)
The thesis looks into Albanian folklore. It familiarizes the reader with the character of a witch in Albanian environment throughout fairytales, stories and other genres of folk literature. The main focus is on the role of a witch in the stories and its general description. The main goal of my theses is to compare this perception with other Balkan states and find out, how much the imaginations about a witch in Balkan states differ or contrariwise correspond. Simultaneously I will try to analyze in which kinds of folklore the character of a witch occurs. Finally the focus will lead to the reception of the character of a witch in neighbouring areas and also in Albanian artistic literature and modern life.
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Non-indigenous freshwater fish species of the Mediterranean basin of the Balkans
Balog, Štefan ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Švátora, Miroslav (referee)
Mediterranean basin of the Balkan Peninsula is one of the hot-spots of biodiversity, with a high diversity of freshwater fishes and high degree of endemism. Introduction of non-native species greatly affects ecosystems and native species of fish. There were many reasons for introductions in the past. Aquaculture, sport fishing and ornamental fish belong to the most important reasons for introduction of non-native fish species. Altogether, 39 species belonging to 12 families were introduced in the Mediterranean basin of the Balkan Peninsula. Most of them belong to the families Cyprinidae and Salmonidae. Introduction of fishes was known since the Roman era. Although the first recorded introduction in this area was in the 13th century, most species were introduced in 20th century. The fishes were introduced from North America, Europe and Asia. Many translocations occurred in this area, too. Translocation is a relocation of particular species within one area. The most widespread introduced species in the Mediterranean basin of the Balkans are common carp (Cyprinus carpio), stone moroko (Pseudorasbora parva), rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), goldfish (Carassius auratus) and sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus). Hybridization, competition, pathogen transmission and predation...
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Serbian krsna slava in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Skenderija, Ivana ; Bittnerová, Dana (advisor) ; Zandlová, Markéta (referee)
This thesis focuses on issues of multi-layered identities within a social space. It analyzes ritual (or ceremony) as one of the codified displays of culture within which collective ideas and attitudes regarding identity are manifested, shared, and strengthened. Bosnian Serbs - due to political and social change - were forced to redefine their position in society, as well as their (collective) identities and social ties. Slava is a fundamental ritual seen as an attribute of "Serbianness", and in the context of this study, manifests itself as an indicator of establishment and validity of collective identities. Slava is a traditional celebration practiced by Orthodox believers in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Bulgary, Albania, and Macedonia. It is a festivity of either a family, village, or local church patron. At the center of this research will be an individual slava of a family patron saint, krsna slava, or krsno ime. For Bosnian Serbs, krsna slava is currently a revitalized ritual concurring with local tradition and convening with social ambitions of current inhabitants in the region (otherwise it would not be revitalized). The pertinence of this research subject is given by the nature of ritual itself as it is founded on collective sharing and the manifestation of common ideas1 ....
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