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Kant and Husserl on Transcendental Character of Experience
Trnka, Jakub ; Moural, Josef (advisor) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to examine both Husserl's and Kant's transcendentalism in a way that would avoid the tendency to put the main accent on Husserl, which is an approach common to almost all literature dealing with this topic so far. Since it is for the most part Husserl's own critique of Kant that inspires such ongoing underestimation of Kant in comparison to Husserl, this work focuss on the question of the legitimacy of this critique. The core of the thesis is an original interpretation of Kant's transcendental philosophy which, instead of taking for granted the phenomenological point of view, attempts to describe Kant's philosophical enterprise from its own perspective and in its own right. In its second part, the thesis provides a brief description of how Husserl, starting initially from the position of descriptive psychology, arrives at a transcendental dimension. When so put side by side, it becomes evident that the two transcendental positions are in fact very different. Husserl's critique of Kant then appears as unjustified, even though quite understandable as an attempt to draw back from certain immature motives of his own philosophy.
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Synthesis of the voicing characteristics of Czech plosives and their preliminary perceptual verification
Urban, Kristian ; Skarnitzl, Radek (advisor) ; Studenovský, David (referee)
This paper will discuss voicing characteristics of Czech plosives. In the theoretical part of the paper, vocal cords are described as well as their participation on voicing. Next, a brief history, division, and application of voice synthesisers is discussed. Synthesizers allow the user to manipulate individual characteristics of any speech signal. In the practical part of the paper, HLsyn is used to synthesize individual Czech plosives with various voicing characteristics. Perceived voicing is then evaluated based on preliminary perceptual verification. Keywords: voicing, plosives, synthesis, HLsyn, perception test
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Synthesis of bioactive glass for medical application
Wiederová, Kristýna ; Galvánková, Lucie (referee) ; Bartoníčková, Eva (advisor)
In this bachelor’s thesis, the 45S5 bioactive glass was synthesized via sol-gel method. Alternative precursors as colloidal silicas as a silicon source and phosphorous acid, ammonium hydrogenphosphate and ALUFOS were used. Three dierent gel ageing procedures were tested. The nine dierent samples were synthesized and analyzed. The dependence of the fnal properties of the products on the type of precursors has been confrmed. The dependence on the preparation process has not been confrmed within this thesis.
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Synthesis and sintering of zirconia based ceramics for biomedical applications
Jahodová, Daniela ; Novotná, Lenka (referee) ; Částková, Klára (advisor)
The present thesis focuses on the preparation of tetragonal zirconia doped with yttria oxide, ceric dioxide, and magnesium oxide. In its theoretical part the thesis covers the characteristics of doped ceramics, the possible methods of powders preparation and of their further processing. The experimental part describes the precipitation synthesis of zirconia in base environment and further processing for ceramics. Also studied were the influences of dopant and of the processing technique used on the phase composition and microstructure of the resulting ceramics. To describe the powder structure, the thermal, dilatometric, surface area, and x-ray analyses were performed; as well as both the scanning and transmission electron microscopy employed. Dry processed ceramics showed the average grain size of 87–94 nm and the relative density in the range of 84,0–99,3 %. In comparison, the ceramics produced of hydrothermally synthesised powders proved the average grain size of 75–85 nm and the relative density between 92,7-99,9 %. As the next step, samples were subjected to low-temperature degradation for the time of 5 and 15 hours. Samples consisting of pure tetragonal ZrO2 were resistant to 5 and 15 hours of low-temperature degradation at 180 °C.
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Preparation and characterization of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate copolymers
Kolomazník, Vít ; Kupka, Vojtěch (referee) ; Porubský, Tomáš (advisor)
This thesis evaluates the synthesis of copolymers based on poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). The goal is to create a material with the highest possible concetration of PHB with the smallest possible volume of crystal phase. PHB with lower molecular weight and hydroxyl end groups used for polyurethane synthesis was prepared by alcoholysis of PHB polymer with 1,4 butanediol. Polyethylene glycole (PEG) of various molar mass and ratio values was chosen in this thesis as a second reacting substance. Another substance used for copolymeration with PHB was the poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) PBAT. Both variants used hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDI) as a non-toxic bonding agent. From these substances, a block copolymers comprised of soft and hard segments were formed. Hard segments are a result of PHB and it‘s crystalic structure. Soft segmets are comprised of PEG or PBAT macromolecules. The influence of soft segments of various length and molar ratio of reactants on overal polyurethane properties was evaluated. Prepared materials were charactrerized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Molecular weight was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
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Synthesis of substituted arylguanidines as potential drugs VII.
Bromand, Nasir ; Palát, Karel (advisor) ; Macháček, Miloš (referee)
Pathological fungi carry the ability to cause serious medical problems and moreover cause various diseases. Drug therapy and new active compounds against these medical problems are still being researched. The long-term objective is to uncover the active compounds at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University. In our study, we synthesized 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1,1-diethylguanidine, and 2 novel compounds: 3-(4- dodecylsulfanylphenyl)-1,1-diethylguanidine and 3-(3-bromophenyl)-1,1- diethylguanidine. We also studied the oxidation of 1-(4- tetradecylsulfanylphenyl)guanidinium nitrate, thus, making it the third novel compound 1-(4-tetradecylsulfonylphenyl)guanidinium nitrate we synthesized.
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Landscape
Kuchynková, Monika ; Kornatovský, Jiří (advisor) ; Raudenský, Martin (referee)
This thesis deals with the theme of inner and outer landscapes in the fine arts in terms of pedagogic, historical and theoretical. Theoretical part of the bachelor thesis views on the theme of landscape from several views which focuse mostly on the horizont motive, inner and outer landscapes and Wallachia. Art part of the thesis presents the cycle of pictures, where inner and outer landscapes interwine, which are associated with the horizon and Wallachian countryside to which the author of this thesis has a very strong emotional relationship. Mind map shows application of landscape theme for lessons of arts in pedagogical part of the bachelor thesis. Pedagogical part includes art series that were realized in art lessons at the primary school Žerotínova.
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Economics of meaning - comparison of efficiency based on meaning
Kráčmer, Michal ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (advisor) ; Schwarz, Jiří (referee)
This work deals with a relatively new topic for economists. The connection between economic apparatus and the human need for meaning is pioneer, indeed. However, the work does not handle this topic by classical means of economics. The main topic of the work is to show that the human need for meaning is the main source of preference creation and human activity. The tool of analysis is a synthetic approach of various scientific branches. In the work is thus combined knowledge of biology, sociology, psychology, ecology and economics and their related branches. On this basis is constructed a new synthetic theory of the consumer's preference creation. The model has a big predictive and descriptive potential. From the results of the analysis stems that the human need for meaning could really be the key variable having influence in human decision making.
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Synthesis and characterization of AibB8LysB28ProB29-insulin to study T a R conformations of insulin
Kosinová, Lucie ; Stiborová, Marie (advisor) ; Flegel, Martin (referee)
According to the International Diabetes Federation, there were 285 million people in the age from 20 to 79 years suffering from diabetes on the planet in 2010. This means diabetes has become a global epidemic so the importace of insulin research is still growing. Insulin is a protein hormone that plays a key role in regulating blood glucose level which has a widespread impact on the whole metabolism. Insulin acts through binding of its monomeric form to the insulin receptor. At present, however, the active monomeric structure of insulin is still unknown. It is clear that insulin monomer must undergo structural changes upon binding to the insulin receptor as the residues crucial for the interaction are burried within the native form. According to studies of highly active hormon analogs there is an ample evidence that the C-terminal part of the B-chain is a dynamic element in insulin activation and receptor binding. Probably, there is also great importance of the B-chain N- terminus and the transition between T and R conformation. However, the exact significance of the T and R states of insulin remains unclear. In this work, a new insulin analog AibB8LysB28ProB29-insulin was prepared for the purpose of studying significance of the T and R conformations of insulin and their relationship to the active...
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