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Rupert Sheldrake and scientific controversy
Hrouda, Jan ; Holeček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
Closer look on scientific controversies points at the limits of contemporary thinking and scientific understanding of the world. It places knowledge into a historical context and opens up the question of dominant paradigms. This text discusses the social and historical conditions of scientific controversy aroused by Rupert Sheldrake's hypothesis of morphic resonance. In the first part we summarize relevant findings of sociology of science, opinions of a character of controversies and consensus in science. Next follows analysis of the controversy. Hypothesis itself is introduced, along with reactions it generated among collegues. In these texts we focus on statements referring to paradigm or more generally to discourse. Then we trace origins of this discourse to elucidate its historical conditionality, its "weight" and power, but also changes it has gone through. In the final part we discuss the difficulties related to overstepping a paradigm/discourse, linked with socially constructed concepts of space, time, matter and causality inherent in paradigms and discourses.
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Educational specifics of the spatial visualization
Prokýšek, Miloš ; Rambousek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Adámek, Petr (referee) ; Nikl, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with phenomena of spatial visualization, application of spatial visualization in instruction and its educational specifics. The present thesis addresses the questions of definition of spatial visualization in instruction, specification of educational specifics and exploration of the relations between spatial visualization and cognitive processes. The experimental part of the thesis is focused on relations between the form of presentation of subject matter (planar visualization and spatial visualization), spatial intelligence, or the ability of mental rotation and the results of learning at students of lower secondary (ISCED 2) school. Elaboration of the theory given field of educational means, the thesis seeks to contribute to the development of theoretical bases of pedagogy with the context of increasing importance of technology for support education.
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Mental rotation of simplex signs
Vobořil, Dalibor ; Šikl, Radovan
One of the basic cognitive operations which enables us to recognize observed objects is mental rotation. In order to recognize any object we are continuously encountering in our everyday life we rotate their image in our mind until it corresponds with a prototypical appearance of a given object stored in memory. It is evident that such operation takes longer time when the apparent differences between the image of actual and stored object is considerable, i.e. when it is viewed from rather different angle. Whether this time is dependent also on structural characteristics of mentally rotated object was the scope of present experiment. Subjects were asked to recognize stimuli of different shapes (letters R, G, F, J and Z) exposed in different orientations as measured by their deviation from usual position (from 0 degree to 180 degrees). Our results indicate that reaction time necessary to recognize differently shaped figures is interindividually variable but the profile of increment of reaction time with increasing angle is similar for all observers, no matter which of letters is observed.
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Homeopathy, Acupuncture, Acupressure during Pregnancy, Labor and Postpartum in the intervention of a Midwife
PANUŠOVÁ, Lucie
First aim of the Bachelor Thesis was to obtain opinions about Homeopathic, Acupuncture and Acupressureduring pregnancy, delivery and puerperium period by midwifes. Based on this aim the research question was formed: What is the attitude of the midwifes to Homeopathic, Acupuncture and Acupressureduring pregnancy, delivery and puerperium period? The second aim was to to find out the experience with Homeopathic, Acupuncture and Acupressureduring pregnancy, delivery and puerperium period. The research question is: What kinds of experience have midwifes with Homeopathic, Acupuncture and Acupressureduring pregnancy, delivery and puerperium period? The next aim of this Bachelor Thesis was to obtain opinions of the women about Homeopathic, Acupuncture and Acupressureduring pregnancy, delivery and puerperium period. The formed research question is: What kinds of opinionhave the women about Homeopathic, Acupuncture and Acupressureduring pregnancy, delivery and puerperium period? The fourth aim was to find out the experience of the women with Homeopathic, Acupuncture and Acupressureduring pregnancy, delivery and puerperium period. The relevant research question is: Which experiences have the women with Homeopathic, Acupuncture and Acupressureduring pregnancy, delivery and puerperium period? The quantity method with half-structured interviews was used for the research. Empirical part was carried out between December 2012 and March 2013. The examined file was built of ten respondents - five midwifes and five women who used at least one of these methods during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium period. Due to two examined files two types of interviews had to be made. The data were recorded or written down by hand. Records were after the interview written down in standard language. Afterwards the classification of the data was made by using colour marks to be able to find easier the main topics. By interpreting quotations of the respondents were used. The result of the research was that the relationship of midwifes to Homeopathy is mainly positive. One midwife had a different opinion. Acupuncture is not as close to midwifes as the Homeopathy. Two midwifes had a positive opinion to this method. Three were indifferent which is to explain as a positive and negative opinion in certain matters. Acupressure was evaluated in all cases as positive. Homeopathy is the most prevalent method. All five midwifes have a personal experience with Homeopathy. Three from five use this method in practice. Acupuncture is not used by anyone. Only one midwife has her own experience with Acupuncture. Acupressure is used by two midwifes of five in practice. Two midwifes described a personal experience with Acupressure, but they do not use it in practice. One midwife has neither a personal experience nor uses the method in practice. From the results it was clearly visible that all women have a positive opinion about Homeopathy. From the further answers results that two women have a positive opinion about Acupuncture. Two women have an indifferent opinion? one was not sure about the capabilities of the therapist and the other was unsure about the effectiveness of the method. The last woman had a negative opinion. All questioned women have an experience with Homeopathic treatment none of them evaluated the treatment negatively. Experiences with Acupuncture have three respondents, two have never tried it. Four women have got the experience with Acupressure with a positive result. Only one has no experience with the Acupressure.
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State Social Support Regarding Single Mothers Matter
BÁRTEK, Lukáš
The aim of this bachelor{\crq}s work is to digestedly describe a current system of state social support and to introduce individual benefits, claim conditions and its amount. Part of this work is the current enactment as well as the changes of individual benefits that are set forth in the amended Act No.117/1995 Coll. on State social support valid from 1.1.2008.Further this work concentrates on the incomplete families, particularly on the phenomenon of single mothers. It attempts to describe the specifications that are typical for this group of applicants for state social support benefits and it attempts to map problems and risks that single mothers must handle during the children upbringing. The bachelor{\crq}s work as well describes various reasons that mostly lead single mothers to bring-up the child without a partner and it reflects a current view of the society on this disadvantaged group of people. It also raises a question whether the current model of benefits structure is capable to adequately compensate the disadvantage of these women {--} not only at the economical-safety level but as well at the social level.
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North American Indians matter and its incorporation in the lessons of drama education
Ston, Michal ; MACHKOVÁ, Eva (advisor) ; MARUŠÁK, Radek (referee)
Abstract
The thesis gives several examples of literature published in Czech /Slovak that either focus on the matter of the Indians of the US Great Plains, or are original pieces of Indian literature. The selected fiction and non-fiction work is a starting point for discussing the topic of North American Indians, our relation to it as well as potential analogies with the topics of the current society, and designing related drama education projects. The thesis consists of three chapters, each devoted to stories and issues of a single tribe. The first two chapters contain North American Indian mythology, the third one explores the relationships and conflicts of Indians and settlers (especially throughout the 19th century). The resulting projects of each chapter aim at different target groups (pre-school age, primary school age, secondary school age).
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The effect of analgesics and their combination with neurotropic drugs on pain and brain mediators
Soukupová, Marie ; Kršiak, Miloslav (advisor) ; Farghali, Hassan (referee) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee)
The first aim was to investigate changes in analgesic efficacy of several analgesics in combination with selected drugs affecting nervous system after systemic administration. The second aim was to ascertain changes of levels of pain mediators in vivo in supraspinal brain structures (in periaqueductal gray matter, central amygdala, striatum) in pain and under the drug influence. The analgesic efficacy of combinations of analgesics with neurotropic drugs was investigated in the writhing test in mice. Interactions between analgesics and neurotropic drugs were evaluated by the isobolographic analysis, which enables to distinguish the supra-additive (synergistic) interactions from solely additive and sub-additive ones. A possible negative effect of neurotropic drugs on motor functions was determined in the rota-rod test in mice. Changes of levels of pain mediators in the brain during pain and under the drug influence in rats were measured by microdialysis in vivo coupled with a high performance liquid chromatography. A model of inflammatory pain induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan and a model of neuropathic pain produced by a spared sciatic nerve injury model were used in rats. We evaluated pain in plantar and von Frey filament test. Our microdialysis experiments revealed that inflammatory pain...
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The Influence of Aeroflot’s PR Communication on Public Opinion
Šámalová, Anna ; Vávra, Oldřich (advisor) ; Čechurová, Eva (referee)
The thesis titled "The Influence of Aeroflot's PR Communication on Public Opinion" points out the "PR activity - newspaper article - public awareness and opinion" chain. The objective of the thesis is to point out the relationships between the individual parts of the chain and the overall impact of PR activities on the general public's awareness and opinion. The thesis focuses on the issues of Public Relations in the case of Aeroflot's PR communication at the time when the company was interested in acquiring Czech Airlines. The document also includes an analysis of the media outputs that were published about Aeroflot in the period under review and the subsequent research illustrating the general public's awareness of and opinion on the matter.
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