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Drinking water contamination in water supply system
Černíková, Eva ; Třasoňová, Pavla (referee) ; Ručka, Jan (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to consider the possible causes and consequences of contamination of drinking water in the water supply system. In the introduction are general information about the problems with water supply and some new approaches to water distribution system. In the next part there are described components of the water supply system and how they work. There are also described problems of drinking water contamination in water supply system. What are the mechanisms, what causes the turbidity and which microorganisms are the most common source of infections. In the final part there are described individual cases of drinking water contamination and what were the consequences. In the beginning there is a short form to every case which provides you a quick orientation in the problem.
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Removal of Selected Components from the Aquatic Environment by Coagulation Process
Měřínská, Zuzana ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Janda, Václav (referee) ; Mergl, Václav (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This thesis deals with coagulation treatment of surface water with content of humic matters, drug residues and turbidity. Commonly used coagulants (ferrous and aluminous sulphate) and natural biopolymer based on chitosan that not yet used in the Czech Republic had been studied. The aim of this work was to found the optimal application of chitosan in water treatment and comparison of its coagulation efficiency with standard inorganic coagulants. Theoretical part of the thesis contains occurrence, classification, composition, properties and importance of humic matters and drug residues and furthermore properties of chitosan and its using in water treatment. Experimental part summarizes the obtained results from the laboratory coagulation tests with inorganic coagulants and with chitosan leading to determination of its optimal dose. Other coagulation experiments were focused on finding the possibilities of combine the two coagulants (ferrous sulphate and chitosan) and to find their optimum doses and suitable ratio. The influence of pH on water treatment with using coagulation was also studied.
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Discoloration events in the water-supply networks
Janča, Štěpán ; Kocůr, Pavel (referee) ; Ručka, Jan (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to summarize the available knowledge on the occurrence and formation of turbidity in the water supply system and the design and application of methodology for measuring the potential occurrence of turbidity in the water supply. Problems of the current state of the quality of drinking water in public water supply systems, with a focus on the occurrence of cataract formation turbidity legislative change indicators of drinking water in the Czech Republic and abroad, and potential methods of measuring turbidity is discribed in the first part of the thesis. In the second part of the paper is a methodology for measuring the potential of turbidity in the water supply network. The methodology is applied in the case study Hrbová pressure zone, which is part of the distribution network of city Vsetin. The case study of the thesis is a statistical analysis and mathematical model of consumption of pressure zone Hrbová.
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Treatibility of surface water
Fuks, Josef ; Palčík,, Jiří (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The aim of the master´s thesis is the topic of the treatability of surface water with the focus on the process of suspension formation. For this work I took water samples from five different places around the Brno Dam which has contended with water quality deterioration for a long period. With these water samples, the series of jar coagulation tests were done with the application of three different commonly used coagulants. In the theoretical part of the master´s thesis I deal with the composition and attributes of surface water and the technology of its treatment. Each process of treatment is briefly described here with the emphasis on the process of suspension formation. The experimental part of the master´s thesis summarizes and presents the results gained through the coagulation tests in the laboratory. I evaluate the influence of different parameters on final effectiveness of water treatment and I try to find an optimal amount of coagulant, pH and speed of fast or slow mixing. Finally I compare the suitability of each coagulant and the influence of the sampling site on the effectiveness of water treatment.
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Risk analysis of water distribution system – the case of small municipality
Potyšová, Petra ; Třasoňová, Pavla (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The general aim of Master’s thesis was to analyze a water supply network in the village Klobouky u Brna using the WaterRisk software through the simple and complex methodology. It was performed a measurement of turbidity on water supply network as practical support of undesirable states. Also it was accomplished detailed exploration of the village Klobouky u Brna. Added value of Master’s thesis was a consultation related to a water supply and a water treatment system with technician working for the Vodovody a kanalizace Hodonín company wherefrom water is bought for the village Klobouky u Brna.
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Monitoring of changes of drinking water quality during accumulation and distribution
Vaňková, Jitka ; Dolejš, Petr (referee) ; Mega, Jaroslav (advisor)
Theoretical part of the diploma thesis purveys information on drinking water and quality requirements, changes of drinking water quality during distribution and accumulation caused by disinfection, chemical processes, corrosion of constructional materials, incrusting solids, biofilms, nitrification of ammonia nitrogen, sediments in pipelines, elution of harmful matter. Attention was given to drinking water quality indicators which are associated with changes in drinking water distribution systems. In experimental part are studied changes of drinking water quality during distribution on the basis of selected drinking water quality indicators. There is specifically chemical oxygen demand, concentration of iron, manganese, ammonia ions, nitrites, nitrates, chloroform and chlorine. For periodical monitoring were selected suitable locality within the framework of Brno distribution system; for illustration were taken water samples from distribution systems of drinking water treatment plants Švařec, Vír, Štítary and Mostiště. For selected methods of analytical determination of above mentioned drinking water quality indicators are presented their characteristics. Obtained information on drinking water quality is mentioned in tabular and graphical form.
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Removal of different species of phytoplankton by dissolved air flotation
Sukopová, Martina ; Mega, Jaroslav (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
The work evaluates the efficiency of dissolved air flotation (DAF) in removal of various kinds of phytoplankton. As absolutely necessary in the process of water treatment proved the agglomeration phase, or coagulation and floculation. This phase neutralizes the particles so that they can fasten air bubbles. The efficiency of this process depends on several variables, though: the kind of coagulant used, dose, coagulation pH, duration of floculation and its intensity, recycle ratio and the polymer use in coagulation. The particle size volume distribution and the volume of organic matter in raw water also have certain influence on phytoplankton removal. Dissolved air flotation is currently the most suitable method of phytoplankton removal. It can remove 93-98 % of blue-green algae and even 99-99.9 % of algae. The efficiency of flotation was also compared to sedimentation for the economic reason. In the process of water treatment, the sedimentation is now being replaced by flotation.
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Porovnání přípravků k zajištění koloidní stability bílých vín před lahvováním
Polehňa, Jan
The thesis on comparing products to ensure the colloidal stability of white wines before bottling in the theoretical part examined the definition of colloid division of disperse systems and their relation to wine. Further described is the main cataracts occurring in wines and methods to prevent them, focusing on the practice of the most commonly used products: Metatartaric acid, gum arabic and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). In the practical part of these products in different variations, combinations and concentrations added to white wine, which was a non-stabilized against the tartar and proteins. This wine was in the wake of bottling and variants of the same stored for one year in two different storage temperatures. In the course of storage was observed formation of cataracts in individual bottles. After a year all variants were opened and evaluated was total sensory analysis with qualification and quantification of turbidity, sediment filtration and weighing, measuring conductivity and pH. The results were statistically processed and evaluated with recommendations for practice.
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Stanovení koloidní stability u vybraných druhů piv
Petráň, David
Unlike majority of sorts of alcoholic drinks beer is considered significantly un-stable. This thesis examines the factors influencing the stability of beer, especially phys-ical-chemical, primarily content of polyphenols and potential of components of beer to form haze. Twenty eight samples from differently large breweries were processed (Černá Hora, Poutník Pelhřimov, Pegas, Richard and minibrewery of Mendel University in Brno). The total content of polyphenols was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method (spectrophotometrically at 750 nm) and subsequently expressed in the content of ferulic acid, which served as a standard for purposes of this study. The average con-tent of polyphenols was in Černá Hora Sklepní 338,5 mg.l-1, in light lager beer Poutník 370 mg.l-1, in light lager beer Pegas 694,5 mg.l-1, in light lager beer Richard 726,3 mg.l-1, in wheat beer from Mendel University in Brno 562 mg.l-1 and in Rauch from Mendel University in Brno 817 mg.l-1. Turbidity of beer for consumption and potential of beer components to form haze using EBC test was also assessed. Both types of turbidity were measured by turbi-dimeter at 620 nm using Helm BaSO4 standard and based on the measured values were compared with the established range of haze. Finally, the results were discussed and assessed physical-chemical stability of observed beers.
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