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Sexual size dimorphism and related phenomena in ungulates
Polák, Jakub ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Remeš, Vladimír (referee) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) defined by differences in body size of a conspecific male and female are widespread phenomenon in the animal kingdom and ungulates belong among the most dimorphic mammals. In most species males are the larger sex which is often explained by differing sex-specific reproductive roles. While parental investment is predominantly left to females which are the selective sex, males have to fight for access to receptive mates in intensive combats where body size, strength, and condition are often critical. The relationship between male body size and reproductive success varies according to a mating system with the highest SSD being achieved by harem and promiscuous species. Even though several compilation studies of SSD have been done on ungulates it is rare that systematic research is closely concentrated on a well-defined specialised homogenous group where detailed knowledge on its life-history traits is also available. I have focused on subfamily Caprinae and Bovinae with the objective to conduct a detailed analysis of their SSD and its evolutionary traits. Using advanced phylogenetic methods I could reconstruct the ancestral state in wild goats and sheep that was characterised by medium SSD which then took two different routes of evolution depending on a type of habitat and...
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The use of microsatellite analysis for the characterisation of onion
Mitrová, Katarína ; Ovesná, Jaroslava
The object of the methodology is the process characterizing the autenticity of varieties of onion put through microsatellite analysis (SSR- Single Sequence Repeats) for the characterization of varieties of garlic into the practice. This method allows to identify varieties of onion and characterize genetic resources using DNA markers and determine their genetic similarity based on the length variability of short repeating sequences (microsatellites) in the characterization of varieties of onion, Allium cepa L. The principle of the method is amplification of the genome containing the microsatelite locus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers and subsequent analysis of the lengtht of the products and the identification of the DNA profile to the declared variety.
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The use of microsatellite analysis for the characterisation of garlic
Mitrová, Katarína ; Ovesná, Jaroslava ; Svobodová, Leona
The object of the methodology is the process characterizing the autenticity of varieties of garlic put through microsatellite analysis (SSR- Single Sequence Repeats) for the characterization of varieties of garlic into the practice. This method allows to identify varieties of garlic and characterize genetic resources using DNA markers and determine their genetic similarity based on the length variability of short repeating sequences (microsatellites) in the characterization of varieties of garlic, Allium sativum L. The principle of the method is amplification of the genome containing the microsatelite locus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers and subsequent analysis of the lengtht of the products and the identification of the DNA profile to the declared variety.
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Molekulární fylogeneze a genetická diverzita nejbližších příbuzných rodu Pisum
Bačovská, Nela
Phylogenetics has given us a unique possibility to learn the history of species evolution and their interconnection on the planet. Our earlier relience only on outter morphological features for taxon classification is now being completed and even replaced by molecular-biological studies for clarification. It is possible to use our knowledge when searching for geographical origins of organisms, their expansion and change of genetic information, which are all the needed foundations for species diversification. In this work we used the family Fabaceae for the study of evolutionary genetics. Then we chose Lathyrus neurolobus for further examination of the potential use of SSR and iPBS markers for Pisum intergenus studies.
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Analýza genetické variability jírovce maďalu pomocí DNA markerů
Bačovský, Václav
Some species of the genus Aesculus are every year heavily infested by horse chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella), whose larvae are mining the leaves, and under appropriate conditions may damage up to 100% of the leaf area. The effect of lower defense capability of infested trees lead to invasion of fungal (Erysiphe flexuosa, Guignardia aesculi) and bacterial (Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi) pathogens, and later to higher mortality of infected individuals. In this study were measured the genetic diversity of species A.hippocastanum, A. turbinata, A. glabra, A. parviflora, A. glabra var. arguta, A. x carnea, A. marilandica, A. pavia, and their genotypes with different susceptibility to the leaf miner. Analysis of 8 microsatellite loci, using the SB buffer for separation, showed high polymorfic information content 0.45 -- 0.77 (0,60 in average) and high genetic diversity. For each loci was found average 5.5 aleles. During two vegetation period, leaf area damage of these genotypes was evaluated in statistical software Assess 2.0. Different pressure of leaf miner and different development at each locality was recorded, and even in some cases lower damage was found, in one case it occured permanently. According to the data obtained, the pathological scale was established and the dendogram of similarity was created. Three groups of resistant, non -- resistant and immune individuals were distinguished and five main section of Aesculus was found. By cloning and analysing the inner transcribed spacers, ITS1 and ITS2, inner and inter species variability was examined. For the sequence of hybrid species A. x carnea no compliance was found in NBCI, therefore first sequence of this genotype was obtained.
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Controller of hot runner for injection molds
Chrenka, Eduard ; Fiedler, Petr (referee) ; Štohl, Radek (advisor)
The thesis focuses on implementation of a hot runner controller for injection molds for plastic materials with a maximum number of 56 regulated zones. The first part of the thesis deals with already existing and used solutions of the given subject. The following part of the thesis describes the principles of temperature measurement by means of thermoelectric sensors, including their linearization as well as communication protocols MODBUS, EUROMAP 17. The identification of a regulated system ( heating zone) has been carried out before the hardware design. The development process is divided into some parts : system conception, hardware design, software development. The controller consists of measuring modules designed to collect data and handle power controllers for management of performance of heating elements. The necessary calculation power is integrated into the controllling computer. All parts of a hot runner controller are implemented taking into account the costs.
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Adjustable timer for three-phase motor
Motyčka, Lukáš ; Petržela, Jiří (referee) ; Hruboš, Zdeněk (advisor)
The thesis describes several potential solutions of an adjustable timer, such as monostable multivibrators, asynchronous (ripple) and synchronous counters and microcontrollers. It also deals with issue of switching three-phase asynchronous motors with limit a high starting current on starting - star-delta switch, softstarter, frequency inverter. Particular attention is focused on the conceptual design of the timer using micro- controller Atmel (timer control unit), LCD (display device) and control switches. The microcontroller will be complemented by external 32,768 kHz watch crystal, necessary for real-time function - Real Time Counter (RTC). The cause for this choice is not only simplicity and clarity of control to the operator, but also reliability, low power consumption and also the price of the device itself.
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Remote WakeOnLan
Pitner, Ivo ; Kaštil, Jan (referee) ; Vašíček, Zdeněk (advisor)
This work deals with construction of an embedded system with remote access, whitch controls computers in the same network in order to reduce their energy consumption. For this purpose is used the WakeOnLAN technique. The device also uses two power components called SSR and these are used for switching AC power to them attached appliances. The work discusses the TCP/IP architecture, system design and finally the firmware implementation.
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Ověřování SSR markerů vhodných pro rozlišování odrůd vybraných zelenin z čeledi Brassicaceae
Sochorová, Jana
In available literature there is no recommended set of microsatellite markers in the improvement of cabbage cultivars (Brassica oleracea conv. capitata) to distinguish F1 hybrids and self-pollinated plants with a parental genotype. That is why microsatellite markers used to other Brassicas had been searched in this work. Tested microsatellite markers were studied for their ability of distinguishing F1 hybrids in seven cabbage cultivars. Two of 23 microsatellite markers were able to distinguish F1 hybrids in six cabbage cultivars. No microsatellite marker was able to distinguish F1 hybrid and parental genotypes of one cultivar, 'A'.
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