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Present view of Down syndrome screening
Hollá, Lucia ; Krofta, Ladislav (advisor)
he topic of his thesis current view on screening Down Syndrome I chose because of his interest in pediatrics, neonatology and Gynecology. Antenatal screening for trisomy 21 began to be implemented in practice beginning of the 70th years. Since then underwent rapid development when the invented many new methods for detection of Down syndrome with constantly increasing efficiency of the test and moving to earlier detection time period of gestation. The task of my thesis is to summarize all available methods prenatal screening for Down syndrome, combinations thereof, and the advantages disadvantages efficiency and their preferences by pregnant women.
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Introduction to Nonparametric Methods
Prelecová, Natália ; Kulich, Michal (advisor) ; Navrátil, Radim (referee)
Title: Introduction to Nonparametric Methods Author: Natália Prelecová Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Michal Kulich,Ph.D., Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to introduce basic nonparametric methods. Nonparametric methods embrace a large class of statistical procedures which do not assume specific data distribution such as normal distribution. They often re- present the only available means of examining specific types of data, for example ranks or counts. Weaker assumptions of these methods make them less powerful than their parametric counterparts. This thesis describes in detail four nonparametric tests- the Ordinary Sign Test, the Wilcoxon Signed-rank Test, the Mann-Whitney Test and finally the Two- sample Wilcoxon Test. The structure of their description will entail the following: the formulation of assumptions, null hypothesis and alternatives, the construction of the test statistic and the definition of rejection regions. The most essential prob- lems, such as the problem of ties, will be also covered. The basic characteristics of the Linear Rank Statistics will be also explained, followed by the Two-sample Wilcoxon test. Keywords: nonparametrical, hypothesis, ranks, consistency, statistic
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Evaluation of health risks lifestyles of older school age children.
DOPITOVÁ, Pavla
This thesis is concerned with assessment of the health risks of lifestyle of basic school children. The topic of the healthy nutrition, the healthy lifestyle and the healthy eating habits has been more and more popular. The healthy eating habits influence the whole human life and the term health has to be understood as a constant value that we have to protect and develop. Nutrition of children and youth is one of the most pronounced matter nowadays all over the world. First part of the thesis is focused on the lifestyle of basic school children, it´s parts and results too (especially the part about nutrition). Then it is focused on work of pediatric´s nurse who takes care about them. In my thesis I found two goals: to assess the specific lifestyle risks of basic school children and to find if basic school children keep the rules of healthy eating. Based on these goals four hypotheses were set: the H1 - Children eat more fruit than vegetables. H2 - Children drink sweet drinks more than water. H3 - Children don´t keep healthy eating habits. H4 - Children prefer fast-food meals to school meals. The hypotheses number H1, H3 and H4 were accepted. The H2 wasn´t accepted because the statistic showed that children drink more water than sweet drinks. The quantitative research was done to reach the goals and confirm the hypotheses via anonymous questionnaire for children from 13-15 years old. This research was given to approximately 310 pupils of primary school. The results were put into charts and tables and statistically assessed with Pearson chi square test. The results of research of my thesis were used for a booklet about healthy eating habits for children and their parents. The material should be ready for use for pediatric´s nurses who work for general practitioner for children and adolescents. The brochure can serve for gaining more information about healthy nutrition.
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Runoff Changes in the Šumava/Bohemian Forest Region
Fiala, Ondřej ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Královec, Václav (referee)
RUNOFF CHANGES IN THE ŠUMAVA / BOHEMIAN FOREST REGION Abstract: The goal of this thesis is to the evaluation of possible causes of changes in runoff regime in the Šumava region from time and spacial point of view. The thesis includes research and applied part. The research part is dedicated to methods of evaluation of runoff changes and their possible causes in teh Šumava region such as anthropogenic factors (changes in the river network, dams, drainage, land - use changes), natural factors (climate changes, peatbogs influence) and disturbances (wind calamities and bark beetle outbreaks, floods). In the applied part there is an analysis of precipitaion - runoff regime for long-term time series of average annual, monthly and minimal daily discharges and monthly precipitations for selected gauging stations in upper Otava, Ostružná, Volyňka, upper Blanice and Teplá Vltava basins using simple and double mass curves and Mann - Kendall test. In conclusion the achieved results were evaluated, discussed and compared with subject publications. Key words: disturbance, Mann - Kendall test, runoff, discharge, mass curves, precipitation, Šumava, changes
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Aggregation behaviour of cockroaches (Blattaria: Blaberidae): intraspecific and interspecific preference
Varadínová, Zuzana ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Janda, Milan (referee)
Cockroaches (Blattaria) are considered to be nearly universally gregarious insect order. In spite of this fact most of the research effort has been devoted to the behaviour of domiciliary species. It is thus not surprising we still do not have comparable information about aggregation behaviour in common laboratory blaberid species. We have investigated aggregation behaviour of adult males and females in six blaberid species: four South American species (Blaberinae: Eublaberus posticus, Eublaberus distanti, Blaberus discoidalis, Blaberus craniifer) and two Madagascar species (Oxyhaloinae: Gromphadorhina portentosa, Princisia vanwaerebeki). Intraspecific aggregation behaviour was determined using two approaches: the binary choice tests arena and free interaction arena tests. Results obtained with both methods were largely consistent. We have found that blaberid clades clearly differed in their aggregation patterns. (1) Females of Eublaberus species aggregated while only a slight and less consistent aggregation tendency was recorded in conspecific males. (2) Both sexes of Blaberus species aggregated, especially when tested in the arena. (3) The Madagascar hissing cockroaches of the Gromphadorhina-Princisia clade are not gregarious, the aggregation tendency was entirely absent in the males of both species and...
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Derivatives of Rhodanine as Potential Drugs I
Kešetovičová, Diana ; Opletalová, Veronika (advisor) ; Kučerová, Marta (referee)
Diploma thesis title: RHODANINE DERIVATIVES AS POSSIBLE THERAPEUTICS I. Author: Diana Kešetovičová ABSTRACT The raise of microbial resistance towards commonly used antimicrobial agents enhances the need for new active substances with novel modes of action. Rhodanine (2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one) represents a structural motif that has not yet been applied in any antimicrobial drug. Rhodanine derivatives have already been described as substances possessing a wide spectrum of biological activity. Within this diploma thesis, condensation products of rhodanine and 3-(2- hydroxyethyl)-rhodanine with ortho-, meta- and para-substituted nitro- benzaldehydes have been prepared. The reaction was carried out in water- alcoholic medium using NH4OH/NH4Cl as a catalyst. The antifungal and antimycobacterial properties of these derivatives and their inhibitory activity on photosynthetic processes were then evaluated. A medium antifungal activity against C. albicans, T. asahii, T. mentagrophytes and A. fumigatus have been observed with the N-unsubstituted derivatives, while the N-substituted derivatives were inactive. The antimycobacterial properties of the tested compounds were not high enough (inhibition of at least 90% in the primary test) to undergo further studies. The antimycobacterial activity of the N-substituted...
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Relations between the motoric tests of coordination abilities and skills in skating, ice hockey players at the age of 7 to 8 years.
Láska, Martin ; Perič, Tomáš (referee) ; Vágner, Michal (advisor)
4 Abstract: The work is aimed at determining the relationships between selected kinetic tests and the level of basic skating skills. Kinetic tests will be selected on the basis of previous studies related to our research purpose and the requirements of standardization. The studied sample will be composed of children aged between 7 - 8 years (2nd and 3rd grade) from the hockey team HC Sparta Prague. Variable criteria are gaming activities of individuals (basic skating skills) that will be measured by using the tests of kinetic. Title: Relations between the motoric tests of coordination abilities and skills in skating, ice hockey players at the age of 7 to 8 years. Goals: The aim of the thesis is to determine the simultaneous validity of selected kinetic tests of coordination skills for individuals sport activities - the basic skating skills. Method: The thesis is conceived as an empirical observation type of quantitative research. Results: The Iowa - Brace test achieved the best explained variability of 26% for the variable criteria at skating forward. For other variable criteria, except for the forward cross - over, explained approximately 16% of variance. The test of the dynamic balance ability best explains the variation of the variable criteria of forward skating 17%. 5 While using multiple linear...
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Self-evaluation of work competencies as a part of functional evaluation of work potential according to Isernhagen Work Systems
Šťastná, Tereza ; Majorová, Simona (referee) ; Flemrová, Miroslava (advisor)
2 Abstract: Title: Self-evaluation of work competencies as a part of functional evaluation of work potential according to Isernhagen Work Systems. Study object: To compare a perception of own physical competencies versus real competencies of somaticaly handicapped persons. Find an influence of occupation on conducted self-evaluation. Isernhagen Work Systems is a possible tool for evaluation of physical work potential. This system consists of model activities for freight handling, persistence in static position, work in stimulated position, locomotion, coordination and hand strength. As a standard of this system a Performance Assessment Capacity Testing is used. Method: In the study, there are compared results of the test for a perception of own physical competences PACT before and after the Isernhagen WS. The study was realized on 30 probands in standard test conditions. Results: The experiment did not validate the change in perception of own physical competences before and after the Isernhagen WS test. Also the influence of occupation on self-evaluation was not validated. Key words: Isernhagen Work Systems, functional evaluation of work potential, self- evaluation, perception of own competences.
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Analyzis of field hockey players load in a match
Procházka, Tomáš ; Křiček, Jan (referee) ; Süss, Vladimír (advisor)
6 Abstract Title of work: Analysis of field hockey players'load in a match Aim: The aim of this thesis is to find out the load of field hockey players in a match and on the basis of laboratory tests to define threshold limits of heart frequencies together with topical condition of field hockey players. Method: To describe the movements of players the method of conditioned observation with no active participation was used. For heart beat frequency data acquisition electronic measuring of Polar RS400 spotters was used. For simple results a running belt load test was chosen. Results: Field hockey players move in different heart beat zones from lacrosse and rugby players. This thesis is serves as the confirmation of the average heart beat frequency given by textbooks. Key words: Field hockey, running belt load test, match analysis.
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Biathletes long term physical preparedness level in preparatory period
Veselý, Vojtěch ; Sucharda, Jan (advisor) ; Fiala, Miloš (referee)
Title: Biathletes long term physical preparedness level in preparatory period Objectives: To compare in selected control tests from prepartory period the best results of present biathlon junior representants and junior results of the best present biathlon sportsmen, who are nowadays in the world biathletes top, and to give long term development overview according to these tests. Methods: In this thesis, data collection method, data analysis method and comparison method was used. Data collection method was the first step where we summarized all available junior results from selected preparatory period tests. Furhter, the data analysis method was used to select the best achieved time for each junior competitor in selected tests and from all results. Comparison method was chosen for thesis conclusion where we compare and present all junior competitors best results in well-arranged tables and charts. Arithmetic mean was used as statistical method for work with results Results: On the grounds of performance level comparison shown in preparatory period control tests in 2001-2012 period, of present junior group and junior level performance of present top world biathlon sportsmen, we discovered that long term performance level of present juniors is worse than performance level of the then juniors....
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