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Simulation of technologies for thermal treatment of waste
Venhoda, Tomáš ; Kropáč, Jiří (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
This thesis mainly deals with the thermal treatment of waste - hazardous waste incineration and energy recovery municipal waste incinerators - their descriptions and analysis of legislative conditions. The flue gas cleaning system energy production in different operating modes is assessed by energy and mass balances. Computational models are developed for this purpose. On this basis, productions of energy from thermal treatment of hazardous and communal waste were compared.
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Waste heat recovery vith steam turbine
Korytár, Zbyněk ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee) ; Fiedler, Jan (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is the design of municipal waste incinerator using the generated steam for power generation and distribution of heat. At the beginning is engaged in development of waste issues and the current state of waste management. The next section describes the options of waste treatment and possible solutions to the current state of waste issues. The concept of waste incineration plants: For waste incineration is used line for burning 100,000 tons of municipal waste per year.Combustion takes place in a grate boiler. Its advantage is the versatility and flexibility to waste. Electricity generation is dealt with condensing turbine with controlled consumption. The flue gas cleaning is designed to semi-wet method. The final stage involves the calculation of the balance, the calculation of electric energyand basic economic evaluation.
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Modern methods of wet cleaning flue-gas
Kubíček, Jan ; Kermes, Vít (referee) ; Dvořák, Radek (advisor)
Research of conditions when sulphure dioxide is absorbed from flue gas, is the main objective of this master's thesis. Efficiency of this flue gas cleaning was measured on an experimental device, which consist of an absorption column filled with structured packing’s, and another component so-called "O-element". Further, a possibility of upgrade this "O-element" to tread more flue gas is presented.
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Modern methods of wet cleaning flue-gas
Kubíček, Jan ; Grolig, Ondřej (referee) ; Dvořák, Radek (advisor)
The main theme of this master’s thesis is to acquaint with flue gas cleaning problems. Also modernization of experimental device called “O-element”, installed in laboratory at Institute of process and environmental engineering, is involved in this master’s thesis. “Oelement is used for cleaning acid elements from flue gas. Further there are results of experimental measuring on this device, and their estimation.
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Recovery of Energy from Municipal Wastes
Šíma, Kamil ; Bébar, Ladislav (referee) ; Jícha, Jaroslav (advisor)
The topic of the diplome thesis is draft of the waste-to-energy plant for municipal waste with cogeneration of heat. Basic specification of project: Waste-to-Energy plant is facilitated by two rotary kilns of type operating in parallel. Further flue gas leaving the post-combustor enters a multicyclone unit to separate substatial portion of fly-ash. Heat of flue gas at the temperature of 1000°C generates superheated steam in a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). Dry sorption process is appllied for flue gas treatment. Specifically sodium bi-carbonate is used for it. Products of reactions and remnants of dust are separated by a baghouse. Superheated steam, generated by two HRSG, presents the inlet stream of a condensing steam turbine with steam extraction. The diploma thesis contains calculation of major devices and basic economical and financial statement of project.
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Unit for utilization of contaminated biomass for energy production
Votava, Jakub ; Broukal, Jakub (referee) ; Kropáč, Jiří (advisor)
The purpose of the thesis is to create preliminary design calculations to determine dimensions, weights and pressure losses of individual contaminated biomass combustion gas treatment nodes. The first part of the thesis deals with the definition of biomass as a fuel, legislative determination of allowed emissions and their description. Then the systems for combustion gas treatments are discussed given their brief description. The practical part focuses on shape designs, determining base dimensions of each type. Weights and pressure losses of individual versions are computed too. In the last part the individual versions are solved with real values and compared to each other.
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Design of technology unit for removal of persistent pollutans for thermal processing of contaminated biomass
Plch, Michal ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Pařízek, Tomáš (advisor)
The Diploma’s work deals with design to use new methods of cleaning the combustion products for the incinerator of biomass, which guarantees removal of dioxins from the combustion products. Thesis depicts methods of cleaning the combustion products, like ADIOX, using ceramic filters, catalytically filters and methods REMEDIA. Thesis compares constituent methods in terms of effectiveness and according to economic analysis applicable to incinerator of biomass-power output 1 MW. Thesis acquaints with the conception of biomass and with thermic processing, which produces dioxins. Thesis processes using biomass in Czech Republic and plan for using in the future. Thesis processes detailed model of filter using the fabric filters REMEDIA. Suggestion of position of the filter and it is connection to original products line of cleaning the combustion products. Increased pressure loss of the new pipework way and increased consumption of ventilator incinerator is calculated for the new connection. In quest of decreasing the thermal loss of combustion products and in quest of increasing safety of operation is calculated and in quest of increasing safety of operation is calculated proposal of isolation for the filter and pipework. In the end of the thesis is depicted using the technology for decreased amount of dioxins from the fly ash from dioxin filter.
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Energetical utilization of waste, especially sewage sludge
Havlásek, Martin ; Kuba, Pavel (referee) ; Frýba, Lukáš (advisor)
This bachelor´s work discusses about energetical utilization of sewage sludge. The process is described from sludge treatment to flue gas cleaning. The main emphasis is on incineration, which are governed by legislation. First are listed sludge treatment and utilization technology which included thermal processing in which is thoroughly described the process of incineration. The following are methods for co-incineration of sludge and devices for direct incineration. Work is finished by chapter about flue gas cleaning.
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Co-incineration sewage sludge in the existing plant
Krejčí, Tomáš ; Ferdan, Tomáš (referee) ; Frýba, Lukáš (advisor)
This thesis focuses on problems with co-incineration of sewage sludge in existing plants. The introduction of my thesis deals with a brief summary of a sludge management, sludge treatment methods and subsequent utilizations methods used for sledge disposal. Next chapter contains a calculation of calorific value, depending on the water content and volatile substances in dry solids of the sludge, it offers an overview of devices applicable for thermal processing of sludge and a description of the co-incineration in existing plants. The seventh chapter is devoted to the legislative parameters which influence the ways of dealing with sewage sludge. After the thermal treatment of sludge it is necessary to decontaminate flue gases of harmful substances resulting from incineration process, thus following there is a description of the most important devices used for its elimination or its reduction. My work ends with a search of methods dealing with the thermal sludge utilization in foreign countries.
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