|
|
Investigative methods of gastrointestinal tract
ZATLOUKALOVÁ, Jana
The bachelor thesis deals with investigative methods of examination of the gastrointestinal tract and their frequency in a given period carried out in the Hospital of Milosrdní bratří Brno, Znojmo Hospital and the Hospital of Uherské Hradiště a. s. It is graphically processed amount of medical services carried out during 20092014. Data were obtained from the database od radiodiagnostic department. It also to evaluates the work of radiological assistant during these medical examinations. I tried to point out that the basis of good results of individual tests is not only professionalism, both theoretical and practical knowledge of radiology assistant, but also sensitive and helpful and respectfull psychological support to the patient, which may fundamentally affect the test results.
|
|
|
Calculation of efficient dose rtg diagnostic irradiation
Bažantová, Lucie ; Drastich, Aleš (referee) ; Rozman, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals primarily with the theory of ionizing radiation and its interaction with matter. It deals particularly with x-radiation and the methods of its use in medicine. The thesis contains a description of the origin of the x-ray image and a description of the techniques of radiography and skiascopy. A list of quantities and units used in radiation physics and in radiation protection has been set out, with regard to assessing the risk involved in the interaction of x-radiation with an organism. In particular, the effective dose and the methods of evaluating this during medical irradiation have been set out. The main parts of the work are an overview of the software environment used in radiation physics and an example of the calculation of an effective dose for a concrete radiographic examination together with a detailed description of the method of calculation. At the end of the thesis there is a table of calculated values and an evaluation of them.
|
|
|
The complex diagnostics of apartment building construction before reconstruction
Kocich, Tomáš ; Vítek,, Lubomír (referee) ; Hobst, Leonard (advisor)
This thesis deals with the diagnosis of a residential building from the late nineteen twenties for the needs of reconstruction. The methods generally used in the diagnosis of structures are briefly described in the theoretical part. More deeply this section describes the methods that were used during this particular research. The practical part deals with the diagnosis of the object itself. The first section describes the layout of the villa, its design solution, its faults and defects detected during the inspection. The next section deals with evaluating the current state of construction materials. Static reports of several structural parts were calculated in the last section.
|
|
|
Modern trends in radiographic procedures and methods in defectoscopy
Skřivánková, Vendula ; Vlašic, František (referee) ; Juliš, Martin (advisor)
Presented thesis deals with modern trends and techniques in radiographic methods of crack detection which are recently used in engineering practice. In the first part, conventional (analogue) radiography principles based on creating a visible image of tested object to radiographic film are discussed. The next part is aimed to the digital radiography and radioscopy. To digitize existing X-ray film images, application of storage phosphor plates (CR), flat panels (DR) and computed tomography (CT).
|
|
|
Non-destructive inspection methods of aircraft selected parts
Kníř, Jakub ; Třetina, Karel (referee) ; Trefilová, Helena (advisor)
Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a broad scientific field. This bachelor thesis provides an insight into NDT’s methods. It can’t embrace the whole field in any case because it’s needed to have knowledge from variety of other scientific fields in order to understand NDT completely. This thesis outlines basic testing methods and their usage for particular components of aircrafts. The thesis also includes a list of Czech and European standards relevant to the topic.
|
|
|
Diagnostics of ceiling structures - possibilities of using GPR
Resl, Jaroslav ; Heřmánková, Věra (referee) ; Anton, Ondřej (advisor)
The thesis is focused on the overview of the diagnostic methods for engineering surveys. The distribution of ceiling structures according to various parameters is described. The theoretical part then provides an analysis of diagnostic methods for the ceiling structures in more detail. It includes a description of the operating principles of GPR. The practical part explains the construction and technical survey of ceiling structures using ground penetrating radar as well as measuring on a physical model. Practical measurement is focused on the use and limitations of the radar.
|
|
|
Diagnostic methods for reinforced concrete bridges
Vaňková, Michaela ; Vítek, Lubomír (referee) ; Anton, Ondřej (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the diagnostic survey of reinforced concrete bridges. In the introductory part is the bridge terminology, another part deals with methods of diagnosis,which can be applied to concrete bridges. Last chapter refers to the typical defects and disorders of reinforced concrete bridges. The practical part describes the technical survey of existing bridge and comparison methods determining the position of reinforcement - a radiometric method and using the GPR.
|
|
|
The role of radiology in children hip screening in Pelhřimov Hospital, c. o.
CHADIMOVÁ, Jana
The topic of this thesis is to compare the use of imaging methods in children hip screening and to find out the presence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in Pelhřimov Hospital. DDH is the most common musculoskeletal developmental defect which affects approximately 5% of newborns. It includes an impaired development of acetabulum, femoral head, poor centering into the acetabulum or disproportionate extent of joint movement. DDH is being formed by interaction of genetic factors and external causes. If DDH occurs in the family, the risk neonate increases significantly. The most serious stage of this defect is hip dislocation, but we often meet a lighter form of this defect, which is called shallow acetabulum. The Czech Republic established a system of consecutive check-ups of neonates and infants. It was created on the base of Methodological Sheet of the Ministry of Health from 1996. These examinations are carried out in three stages. During these examinations, ultrasound plays a very important role. The most common method, also used in Pelhřimov Hospital, is the method of Austrian professor Graf. This method evaluates findings and classifies them into groups. After the first year of age, when ossification of structures is nearly completed, the findings cannot be evaluated by this method. X-ray examination is applied in case of diagnostic uncertainties - especially when planning subsequent treatment in children with DDH diagnosis. Imaging methods are applied to determine anatomical reposition obstacles after an unsuccessful primary reposition. We can use ultrasound, magnetic resonance, but we prefer arthrography. Arthrography is more invasive method, but unlike the others, it has got an important advantage: it can also be a therapeutic method. The theoretical part deals with anatomy, development and growth of the hip joint. I also present etiology and history of this developmental defect. The following part deals with a description of the system of clinical check-ups and diagnostics of DDH. Another part of the theoretical work is devoted to individual imaging modalities - ultrasound, X-ray, magnetic resonance and arthrography. Imaging modalities are a very specific part of radiodiagnostic. Paediatric patients are not small adults, their imaging should be restricted to a minimum and it has got its own specifics. The examination must be performed quickly and accurately, in order not to have to be repeated. Options of therapy varies according to the severity of the hip joint. A small damage of the hip joint is solved by a conservative way using various abduction tools like abduction package, Frejk duvet or Pavlík calipers. More serious cases need to be solved by hospitalization, using distraction therapy or surgery. The aim of this work was to analyze the number of paediatric patients, to find out what kind of imaging methods were indicated and performed and to compare the presence of congenital defect of the hip according to sex within Pelhřimov Hospital. The hypothesis of this thesis was formulated as follows: In paediatric hip screening examination in Pelhřimov Hospital presence of congenital defect of the hip is higher in girls than in boys. The purpose of this thesis was to create a comprehensive text dealing with the use of imaging methods in detecting developmental defects of paediatric hip. The theoretical part of this work may serve as information material for professionals and the results can be used as statistical material.
|
|
|
Development of algorithm of imaging methods in diagnostic of knee joint in years 2001 - 2006 in University Hospital Motol
REDLICH, Peter
Knee joint is the biggest and the most complex joint of moving system. Its exceptionality embodies in difficult anatomical structure and static-dynamic function. Elongated human life and increased moving and sport activities lead to higher risk of knee joint injury. In monitored period (2001 {--} 2006), imaging methods of knee joint examinations experienced immense development which would continue in near future. Native skiagraphic examinations remain an inseparable part of algorithm of imaging methods. Though, methods without the use of ionizing radiation: magnetic resonance and ultrasound gain ground. In monitored period, the number of examinations with magnetic resonance markedly increased and continuation of this trend can be expected. That is especially because this method is noninvasive and the diagnostic yield is considerable. In 2001 to 2006, there were carried out totally 35 691 knee examinations for 23 602 667 points at total rate 21 006 565 Kč. Total number of native skiagraphic examinations is almost the same. I noted forceful growth of magnetic resonance examination in 2003 {--} 2006.The numbers of other examinations are without expressive changes. The total price of separate examinations is relatively the same but the total price of magnetic resonance examination is thanks to increasing number of examinations quite high. The results showed that despite of increasing number of magnetic resonance examinations, corresponding decrease of ionizing radiation examination doesn´t happen.
|
|
|
The conventional imaging techniques in radiology with a view to the musculosceletar system (the educational program)
NEUMANN, Petr
This paper provides information on the role of an X-ray technician in conventional imaging techniques in musculoskeletal system affections. An X-ray technician is expected to provide imaging of the demanded part of human body at least on the level of diagnostic acceptability while all principles of radiation protection, ethic rules, and the rights of a patient are respected. The first part of the paper describes the formation and creation of an X-ray image, it provides a short history and describes the X-ray equipment needed to provide a quality imaging of musculoskeletal system. In the next part the description of imaging techniques is given in dependance on the demand of the indicating physician and also of the folowing medical treatment when, in many cases, the assistence of an X-ray technician is necessary. Better training and information of the the X-ray technician result in higher quality care for patients, in better communication between the personnel and the patients and it may also result in decrease of radiation charge of patients while a high quality of imaging is preserved. In the conlusion of the paper mistakes in imaging are shown that arose from poor communication between the physician and the X-ray technician, ignorance of the therapeutic procedure by the X-ray technician respectively. The false X-ray images are taken from a file of patients who were treated in the radiodiagnostic department of Oblastní nemocnice Kolín, a.s. in the period from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007. They were diagnosed with hip joint affection or affection of proximal part of femur.
|
guest ::
