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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on nanostructures
Halabuková, Hana ; Münz, Filip (referee) ; Kolíbal, Miroslav (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with the plasmon resonance of the nanostructures of several selected tungsten oxides using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR spectroscopy). The physical principles of the plasmonics, the characteristics of the materials used, as well as the principle of operating and measuring on the FTIR spectrometer, are described in the first part of this thesis. The second part is focused on the preparation of samples and performing measurements on the FTIR spectrometer. This part ends by representing the final spectra and the results obtained.
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Physicochemical and structural analysis for characterization of native and modified humic acids
Solanský, Pavel ; Sovová, Šárka (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on structural and physicochemical characterization of native and methylated humic acid. These samples of humic acids, which were isolated from oxidized brown coal Leonardite, were characterized by thermal and spectrometric methods. The following analytical techniques were selected to determine the structural and physico-chemical changes between native and methylated humic acid: thermogravimetry (TGA), elemental analysis (EA), molecular absorption spectroscopy (UV/Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence spectroscopy and last but not least nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). The aim of this bachelor thesis was to find the differences in the structure of selected humic acids and also to verify the suitability of the techniques, which were used to characterize these biocolloid substances.
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The Study of the Molecular Structure of Various Forms of Conducting Polymers using FTIR and Raman Spectroscopies
Morávková, Zuzana ; Trchová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Baumruk, Vladimír (referee) ; Matějka, Pavel (referee)
In this Thesis, the structure of thin films formed by a conducting polymer, polyaniline, was studied using mainly infrared and Raman spectroscopies. That led to the study of aniline oligomers. The oligomers play a key role in the formation of thin films and nanostructures of polyaniline. Furthermore, the Thesis deals with the carbonization of various forms of polyaniline (granular polyaniline base, thin films of polyaniline salt, multi-wall carbon nanotubes coated with polyaniline salt or base, polyaniline nanotubes/nanorods prepared in the presence of ethanol). The two topics, aniline oligomers and carbonization of polyaniline, are connected by a paper concerning the carbonization of microspheres formed during oxidation of aniline in alkaline medium. Optical microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, wide angle X-ray scattering and thermogravimetric analysis were used.
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Regulation of production of lipids and lipid compounds in yeasts
Rapta, Marek ; Breierová, Emília (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Oleogenic yeasts under appropriate conditions produce and accumulate lipids and lipid-soluble metabolites in high amounts. This attribute is characteristic also for red yeasts that except lipids accumulate also carotenoids – natural pigments used in food industry and dietary supplements. The aim of this diploma thesis was designed as a comparative screening study of production properties of strains Cystofilobasidium capitatum, Rhodotorula glutinis, Sporobolomyces roseus and Sporobolomyces shibatanus. Choosen carbon sources were glucose and glycerol as waste by-product in biofuel industry. The best production properties were found in Cystofilobasidium capitatum and Rhodotorula glutinis. These two strains produced increased amounts of lipids as well as higher amounts of carotenoids. Strains were tested by FTIR spectroscopy that enables high-throughput, uncomplicated and accurate analysis.
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Molecular modelling - Structure and Properties of carbene-based catalyst
Kulovaná, Eva ; Hermanová, Soňa (referee) ; Richtera, Lukáš (advisor)
Pomocí molekulového modelování je možné předpovídat chování nových látek a napomáhá při jinak obtížné interpretaci experimentálních dat. Cílem práce byla predikce vybraných vlastností polymeračních katalyzátorů na bázi karbenů, predikce jejich struktur a spektrálních charakteristik a studie mechanismu polymerace za otevření kruhu laktidu. K ověření chování karbenů a jejich prekurzorů ve formě chloridů byly studovány vybrané charakteristiky molekuly. Byl proveden výpočet vybraných molekulových orbitalů a elektrostatických map. Následně pomocí počítačových programů byly získány teoretické vazebné délky a úhly vybraných imidazolových a imidazolinových sloučenin, karbenů a jejich možných produktů hydrolýzy. Data strukturně podobných, již charakterizovaných sloučenin, byla získána z CCDC (Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre) a následně byla konfrontována s vypočítanými daty. Byla změřena infračervená a Ramanova spektra imidazolové soli a infračervené spektrum příslušného karbenu. Tato spektra byla konfrontována s napredikovanými. Pro lepší interpretaci spekter byla spočítána spektra možných produktů hydrolýzy. Následně byl studován mechanismus polymerace za otevření kruhu laktidu. Na základě spočítaných energií stacionárních bodů byl navržen nový mechanismus polymerace.
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Interactions of aminoclays with natural polyelectrolytes
Jančík Procházková, Anna ; Mravec, Filip (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the preparation of products of interactions of aminoclay with natural polyelectrolytes. Sodium hyaluronate was chosen as the natural polyelectrolyte. The concentration and volume ratio of solutions of aminoclay and natural polyelectrolyte which led to the formation of any type of product were studied. The resulting coagulates were characterized by microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and rheology. Furthermore the possibility of interactions with fluorescent probes was studied.
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Complex physicochemical analysis of natural medicinal water
Machátová, Nikol ; Doskočil, Leoš (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the study of the content humic substances in natural medicinal water. Humic substances extracted from this water were characterized by UV-VIS and FTIR spectroscopy, hereafter microbiological tests were performed. The main aim was determine the content HS using the norm ČSN 75 7536 and the calibration curves of standard fulvic acid Suwannee River. Another part of this bachelor thesis was focused on spectrometric characterization HS after different degree of purification. Humic substances were characterized by absorption coefficients and FTIR spectroscopy.
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