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Nutrition as a risk factor for acute pankreatitis
PECHUŠKOVÁ, Pavlína
Acute pancreatitis or acute inflammation of the pancreas is not one of the most common diseases. Pancreas is a vital organ involved in many important digestive processes and its infliction may be fatal. Patients with acute pancreatitis represent 1-2 % of patients hospitalized at surgical departments (Dobiáš, 2012). The most common ethiological factors of acute pancreatitis are cholelithiasis and excessive consumption of alcohol (Havel, 2004; Lukáš, 2007; Kasper, 2009; Svačina, 2010; Šimek, 2005; Špičák 2005). These factors together make up 80 % of the causes. Most often stated ratio is 3:1 in favor of cholelithiasis. Among rarely occuring causes are abdominal injuries, developmental anomalies of pancreas, drugs, hyperparathyreosis and uremia. This bachelor´s thesis deals with nutrition, eating habits and other factors that might cause acute inflammation of the pancreas. The aim of the thesis is to valorize eating habits of patients with acute pancreatitis and to evaluate how much is the excessive alcohol consumption involved in causing the desease. I set two hypotheses to achieve these goals: Hypothesis 1: The patients with acute pancreatitis followed principles of healthy diet before getting ill. Hypothesis 2: The majority of respondents consumed excessive amount of alcohol before getting ill. Acute pancreatitis as a disease is described and defined in the theoretical part of the thesis. Then its occurence is cleared up, proved and suspected causes, clinical picture and process of treatment of the disease are elucidated. Dietary measures recommended for the patients are described in detail. I also delineate the principles of pancreatic diet and its phases. In conclusion the influence of the eating habits and suitable precautions are described. The results of my research are presented in the practical part of the thesis. The research was to evaluate eating habits of the patients with acute pancreatitis before the disease outbreak. Moreover the consumption of alcoholic beverages, the presence of another illnesses and the probable risk factors causing acute pancreatitis were eximined. I have chosen quantitative research method. The research was conducted by the means of questionnaire survey at the wards of five different hospitals. The research sample consisted of 27 patients, both sexes and different ages, with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. The aim was to evaluate probable risk factors causing acute pancreatitis and the role of diet and alcohol consumption. The results showed that the Hypothesis 1 was not confirmed. The patients didn´t follow the principles of healthy diet before getting ill. Hypothesis 2 was not confirmed too. In most cases the patients didn´t consume more than the tolerated amount of alcohol per day. However, in comparison with the other factors, alcohol can significantly contribute to the onset of acute pancreatitis. Futhermore, it was found that another risk factor for acute pancreatitis is cholelithiasis, the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts, either currently or previously. Another interesting finding was that Body Mass Index of the patients is not directly correlated with their eating habits. The thesis brings knoledge about the causes of acute pancreatitis, about the eating habits´ influence and about the impact of excessive alcohol consumption. If causes are clear, prevention measures can be set easily. Nutritional recommendations based on the results could be set down for residents and it could thereby contribute to the reduction of occurence of the disease.
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Eating Habits of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
KRÁLOVÁ, Kateřina
The topic of my bachelor work is Eating Habits of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. The Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness, which is for its high incidence in the population regarded as disease of civilization. There are approximately 15 000 000 people with diabetes type 1. according to the International Diabetes Federation, which is little over 7 % of the total number of diabetics. The aim of the bachelor work is to describe, through the research, eating habits found at patient type 1 diabetes and to map the reasons that lead to noncompliance of diabetic diet set by physician. So to answer the research questions: "What are the eating habits type 1 diabetic?" and "What are the reasons for patient to not follow recommended diet?" The research part is elaborated in the form of qualitative research using semi-structured interview. Total of seven diabetic patient in the age range from twenty-three to fifty years, provided the interview. The data were obtained from patients who were treated at diabetes physician MD Lenka Dohnalová in the diabetes clinic at a hospital in České Budějovice. Interviewing these patients was not purposely carried out in the presence of nurses or diabetologist in order to prevent degradation of the answers of interviewed persons. As result, the respondents were not afraid to tell the truth and the information obtained was as objective as possible. Patients were helpful and willing to give interviews. Respondents did not mention their names so the entire interview is anonymous. Everyone agreed to provide an interview and also agreed on being recorded. Two research questions were set and answered on the basis of anonymous interviews. Research Question No. 1: 1st What are the eating habits of type 1 diabetes patients? It is obvious that patients with diabetes were told that they should keep track of the number of carbohydrates eaten in the food. Six respondents use replaceable units to achieve it, 12 grams of carbohydrate equals 1 replaceable unit. One respondent does not recalculate the carbohydrates in the food on replaceable units, but is familiar with using the grams of carbohydrates. I was surprised by the answer on the special diet, a product formerly known as "dia," I did not expect that it consumes only one respondent. Beyond my original expectations is also surprising fact that neither of the respondents check the glycemic index in their food. Research Question No. 2: 2nd What are the reasons not to comply the recommended diet? It is obvious that patients try to comply the regime. None of the respondents currently have a problem with self-monitoring, application of insulin or consumption of food and beverages at school or at work. One respondent stated that she had these problems at work, and she is now on a disability pension. The results of the research are useful for health professionals who take care of diabetic patients. Intended use of the work in practice: Issuing this in diabetes clinics should support and enhance awareness of patients with diabetes about their disease.
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Comparison of level total cholesterol in serum for residents from Pilsen and Czech Budweis provided similar eating habits
FRAITOVÁ, Lucie
Measuring cholesterol is considered as a screening test used primarily to determine cardiovascular risk and monitoring lipid-lowering therapy. Since this is a screening examination, there is a need for further laboratory tests - the lipid profile (HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides). Patients who get examined as a part of lipid-lowering therapy should follow a diet. These patiens need to be examined more frequently. Population of Czech Republic is considered at risk of early occurrence of atherosclerosis and its complications. Every year in the Czech Republic nearly 60 000 people die from cardiac and vascular disease. Cardiovascular disease increasingly affects younger age group. They are also a cause of disability of people of working age. One of the main indicators is high level of cholesterol. Accurate and precise measurement of blood cholesterol plays a role in the reduction of morbidity and mortality of people with cardio vascular disease. The aim of this thesis is to: 1) Measure the total cholesterol sample population of Plzeň and České Budějovice 2) Compare and find differences in serum total cholesterol in both locations In the theoretical part of the thesis I was interested in what foods increase cholesterol and what foods can reduce high cholesterol. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes diseases that may occur during hypercholesterolemia. The basic ones include atherosclerosis and its complications, which include heart disease or stroke. Preanalytical factor that may significantly affect laboratory tests are described in this part too. The practical part describes everything from an intake of biological material in the laboratory through the preparation (centrifugation, creating aliquots) to insertion of a secondary sample into the analytical device. Research for the thesis was conducted in the biochemical laboratory of synlab czech s.r.o. in České Budějovice. In this part I investigate ? under supervision ? a total of 100 samples of venous blood from people of Plzeň and České Budějovice. I determined the total cholesterol in serum. Cobas Integra 800 automatic biochemical analyzer was used for the examination of the biological material. In routine practice enzymatic methods are used to determine levels of cholesterol. Cholesterol esters are converted by cholesterol esterase into free cholesterol and fatty acids. Free cholesterol is oxidized by cholesterol oxidase to form cholestenone and hydrogen peroxide. The resultant hydrogen peroxide reacts with 4-aminoantipyrine and phenol to form a red color and water. The color intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of cholesterol and is measured by absorption spectrophotometry at 512 nm.Measured laboratory results were statistically processed and neatly sorted into tables and graphs using the computer program. Data from Plzeň and České Budějovice were sorted according to gender and evaluated using graphs. The data sets were then compared to each other and the difference in cholesterol levels was registered. All the results are in the table and graphs. Hypercholesterolemia was detected in 29 samples from Plzeň and 27 from České Budějovice.
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Meals for Children in Nursery Schools As One of the Forms of Healthy Diet Support
MATOUŠKOVÁ, Lenka
The object of this Bachelor Thesis is to find out whether parents and their children prefer a healthy and balanced diet. At present, when everyone is in a hurry and tries to make everything easier, the results are that we devote little time and attention to our diet and lifestyle in general. The proportion of frozen ready-made meals and the number of fast-foods increases, and many people do not have enough time when at home to prepare fresh meals for themselves. I am inclined to believe that proper eating habits remain during the rest of one?s life. I was therefore interested in how children eat after leaving the nursery school facilities. Being assisted by their parents, I monitored a selected group of children, focusing on their diets in their respective families. Further, I analysed with the parents their opinions on the menu setup in the nursery school. I interviewed children in the nursery school in a form of playing about which meals they preferred and what the term ?healthy diet? meant for them. The thesis conclusion evaluates the children?s eating habits.
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Rol of sacharides in nutrition
JURÁK, Ondřej
In the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis basic characteristics of the sacharides were handled by form of literary searches. Further, the properties of basic cereals and cereal products were described, including the chapter about digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the human organism. Last part describes cereal products, especialy breakfast cereals, their prevalence and importance in the diet of school pupils and students. The aim of the research part of the bachelor thesis was to realize and analyse a questionnaire survey in the segments - pupils of higher grades of elementary schools and students of universities, focusing on the validation of the knowledge about carbohydrates, cereals and its consumption. The first partial aim was to determine the interest of pupils of higher grades of elementary schools and students of universities in different kinds of cereals products. The second partial aim was the comparison of the dieatary habits of pupils and students. On the basis of targeted objectives, three working hypotheses were formulated and verified. The validity of the first hypothesis - pupils of the second level of elementary schools have less knowledge about carbohydrates and cereals products than the students of universities, was confirmed by the analysis of responses from the questionnaires. The validity of the second hypothesis - students of universities prefer breakfast cereals more than pupils of higher grades of elementary schools, has also been confirmed. During the analyses of answers related to the third hypothesis - pupils of higher grades of elementary schools have better forenoon eating habits, than students of universities, it was found that students of universities have better eating habits than pupils of elementary schools, however pupils have better eating habits during snacks.
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Dietary habits and lifestyle in metabolic syndrome
TOMANOVÁ, Gabriela
ABSTRACT Title of the work: Eating habits and a lifestyle by metabolic syndrome This bachelor thesis deals with the eating habits and the lifestyle in patients with metabolic syndrome treated in diabetologic clinics. The work is divided into two main parts. The first (theoretical) part deals with the existing and newly discovered knowledge in the area of this issue, the eating habits and lifestyle. Primarily, I studied the issue and changes in MS. In the initial chapter I mention the main components and consequently I deal with most discussed changes in the recent years. The last specified part deals with the factors affecting the MS; here,I have been concerned with the most important categories, including eating habits, physical activity, smoking, genetics and stress. The second part (empirical) should clarify the problems in complying with good eating habits and lifestyle. It should prove the correctness and effectiveness of education in persons showing symptoms of MS. The work was designed as a quantitative research in which the target file was constituted by a selected sample of 120 respondents showing MS in diabetologic clinics. To obtain the necessary information, a questionnaire survey was used. The research confirmed a relatively good education and eating habits in patients with MS. During questioning it was found that 77% of respondents claim to have a sufficient amount of information and good eating habits. But a deeper examination of their dietary habits revealed that only 67% of them actually know how to eat properly. On the other hand, 23% of the observed patients lack of the information from a doctor, therefore they cannot have good eating habits. A positive result is that two thirds of patients educated in the diabetologic clinics are really able to eat properly and work with the information they receive. Unfortunately, the remaining 10% have enough information from their doctor, but they cannot work with the information so as to achieve the correction of dietary habits. A part of this bachelor thesis forms a health educational material that is destined for patients who do not have enough information or those who are familiar with the issue, but are interested to learn more.
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Options for preventing obesity of children 12 to 15 years
STUDNIČKOVÁ, Marika
At present, obesity ranks as one of the most frequent metabolic diseases caused by multiple factors. According to epidemiologic surveys, prevalence is on the increase, in particular in developed countries. It is also widely known that obesity in child age predetermines obesity in adulthood, when it is accompanied with increased risk of cardiac and metabolic complications. The present bachelor thesis engages in possibilities of prevention of obesity for children from 12 to 15 years of age. The theoretical part summarizes the most significant findings that relate to the aforesaid problems. The practical part focuses on the research conducted in issues of obesity. The authoress examines prevalence of obesity, eating habits of pupils or students, ways of spending free time and physical activities of children. The research applied a quantitative method. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire distributed to elementary school pupils, in the age category of 12 - 15 years, within the range of 7th to 9th elementary school years. The main objective of the thesis was to ascertain how obesity affects a child?s life. A partial objective consisted in mapping the eating habits of children belonging to the older school age, and discovering to what extent physical activity acts on a child?s life. These objectives have been met. From the analysed sample of respondents, their BMIs were calculated and recorded in a percentile graph. The results revealed that 7.2 respondents suffer from obesity and 16.8 % children are overweight. Most of the children from the analysed sample have built up bad eating habits. Almost one third of the respondents attends no sports clubs and spends doing physical activities fewer than two hours per week.
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Nutritional quality evaluation of school dinners and monitoring of food habits and their changes at pupils of second degree at choice primary school
ŠVEC, Jiří
This thesis was prepared on the basis of the investigation, which took place at the elementary school in Horažďovice Blatenská during year 2010/2011 and dealt with the issue of student nutrition in the age categories 10-13 years and 13-15 years. Purpose of the study was aimed at monitoring the menus in order to determine nutrient intake of energy, monitored minerals and vitamins according to the recommendations for that age group. The survey was made by nutritional test for the evaluation of children's eating habits at school age. At the end there were verified two test hypotheses. The results of menu analysis were compared with those needs and showed the following. Energy intake was adequate in girls (in the tolerance of one percent of the RDA), boys' levels of energy intake from lunch order of 4-5 % lower, but there is possibility to add a side dish. The level of performance ranged from 30.3 % to 36.1 % RDA. Proteins were met over the limit and have lunch in the day needs of virtually reached in the category 10-13 years old category, and this level to 90 % RDA. Lipid, carbohydrates and fiber intake was adequate. Values of calcium intake were found to be inadequate and proper value of the months did not exceed 21.4 % of RDA. Year-round abundance was observed in vitamin B6, where the lowest values observed in the months of September and January at 100 % RDA. Excess was found at the annual intake of vitamin B12, where the lowest values were found in November at the level of 130 % RDA. Based on statistical surveys, hypothesis has not been demonstrated that regular breakfast is an effective prevention of overweight and obesity in children in this age category. The proportion of time spent passively is not dependent on age. Furthermore, there was found 21 % the relationship between children?s diet and reducing diet of any family member. It is therefore apparent effect on the child's family eating habits.
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How marketing activities affect children eating habits
Černá, Kateřina ; Ryšavá, Monika (advisor) ; Zamazalová, Marcela (referee)
The bachelor thesis aims to evaluate eating habits of selected children segment according to how they are influenced by and what is their cause. On the theoretical basis of children segment classification are using questionnaire survey the effects of marketing activities, family and neighborhood on children's consumer behavior investigated. The aim is also to find out informations about children's awareness of brands operating in the food market, which of them specifically attract children's attention and how. The analysis of this consumer behavior and eating habits is the result of the survey collected data and form the backbone of the whole work. In conclusion, it attempts to generalize and link the connections between specific points of the research and confirm or refute the hypotheses based on childen's catering. The entire work is trying to assess the relevance of the current theme of children's meals, which poses as a target of the number of marketing activities.
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How marketing activities influence children´s eating habits
Jirásková, Eliška ; Ryšavá, Monika (advisor) ; Zamazalová, Marcela (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims to determine whether Granko is one of the trends in breakfast drinks, and to what extent are marketing activities affecting the consumption of Granko. The theoretical part deals with marketing and marketing communications with its typical instruments. Then I deal with advertising and the restrictions imposed on a person under 18 years of age. It is followed by description of the target groups, including the methods used to reach children and the impact of advertising on children's segment. In the next chapter, I resolved the eating habits of children and the trend in consumption of milk. The practical part deals with marketing research. Primary data were obtained by questionnaire survey. From the evaluated data I derived the conclusion that Granko is weekend breakfast trend today.
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