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Function of verb paradigms of "hablara" a "hablase" in Present-Day Spanish
Rýdlová, Lenka ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
This theses is dedicated to the use of the verbal paradigms hablara and hablase in contemporary Spanish. We demonstrate that due to historical reasons the usage of paradigm hablara is much wider than that of hablase, which can be used only in the subjunctive meaning. According to the valid linguistic norm, the paradigm hablara (and not hablase) can be used instead of the Past Perfect (although it is not recommended). The same is evidenced with the conditional tense of the modal verbs querer, deber and poder as well as with the main clause of the unreal conditional clauses in the present tense. This means that these two verb paradigms can be arbitralily substituted only when used in the subjunctive function. On the basis of our own frecuency analysis of twenty most used Spanish verbs in the language corpus CREA, we prove that the frecuency of the hablase on average 18% in Spain and 10% in Latin America. Our analysis of this corpus material does not confirm the statement of some linguists that the frecuency of -se form is generally slightly higher in negative sentences. However, our analysis of a parallel corpus InterCorp seems to indicate that it is higher (by 7%) after the conditional conjunction ‚si'.
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Subjunctive in Italian and its Czech equivalents in the parallel corpus InterCorp
Kordošová, Karolína ; Štichauer, Pavel (advisor) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe the problems of the Italian subjunctive and its appropriate translation into Czech. At first, we will put forward the general definition of this verbal mode itself, then we will proceed to the description of its form and function in Italian. The major part of the thesis will be focused on the comparison of selected verbs in subjunctive with its Czech equivalents. Its expressions will be often ambiguous due to the absence of this verbal mode in Czech. That is why we use the parallel corpus InterCorp which will help us to analyse this part. We will introduce its useful function and wide application too. Finally, we will summarize the data.
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Choice of Mood in Spanish Grammatical Constructions Expressing Potentiality (with Reference to Czech and Italian)
Kratochvílová, Dana ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
in English Choice of Mood in Spanish Grammatical Constructions Expressing Potentiality (with Reference to Czech and Italian) Key words: Mood, Subjunctive, Potentiality, Corpus, Spanish, Italian, Czech The objective of this paper is to study the systemic possibilities of alternation between the subjunctive and the indicative in Spanish grammatical constructions expressing potentiality, the semantical differences this alternation brings and also the frequency these two modes appear in respective constructions. In order to achieve this objective I studied not only the specialized literature in the topic but also the language corpora. Later I compared the situation in Spanish with Italian and Czech as well. The results of my study brought me to the conclusion that it is necessary to study each expression of potentiality separately because the verbal modes do not appear equally often after these expressions. On the other hand, the use of the conjunctive in Italian is far more formalized. Czech does not posses any systemic tool that could work for the Spanish subjunctive in every context. However, its translation as the conditional or the future indicative is possible.
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Romanian Subjunctive Compared with the Other Romance Languages
Frías Valtrová, Nataša ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor) ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (referee)
Subjunctive is the most complex mood in the Romance languages from a structural point of view. It shows a large diversity of uses. In the present study we have compared the use and values of this verbal mood among the major Romance languages, though sometimes some others have also been included (Galician, Catalan and Sardinian). It is interesting to notice that not all the languages show the same number of tenses and even that the origin of some of the tenses have different sources in Latin. Romanian is the main study target, and it is the starting point for the whole study. It will be seen that, despite all the differences, Romanian follows similar patterns to the rest of the Romance family. Even so, a specific peculiarity of Romanian syntax, the lack of infinitive in completive constructions, contrasts with the overdeveloped Portuguese conjugated infinitive. Apart from the analysis of the values and the uses, the study closes with a selection of chosen sentences in these six major languages allowing us to make conclusions as for the nature and behaviour of current subjunctive mood.
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Subjunctive vs. indicative in subordinate clauses
Jungwirthová, Klára ; Špaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Štichauer, Pavel (referee)
Subjunctive, Indicative, subordinated clauses The aim of this thesis is to give a brief summary of the usage of subjunctive in subordinated clauses, to divide the classification into cases when: a) the subjunctive is obligatory, b) the subjunctive is a stylistic choice, c) subjununctive and indicative change the meaning of the statement. In the mean part the thesis should be concentrated on those forms (after impersonal expressions, verbs, conjunctiones, in the sequence of tenses, in the indirect questions), where we can observe that the usage is changing. The exemplification should be grounded meanly in the on-line corpus of written Italian. The partial finding out shoul be accompanied by an analytic comment. At the end of the thesis the results shoul be organized and evaluated.
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Subjuntive/Indicative alteration with the expression después de que
DOUBKOVÁ, Kristýna
The bachelor thesis elaborated on the basis of statistical analysis examines the preference in the use of indicative and subjunctive after the temporal conjunction "después de que" which shows considerable variation in the use of verbal methods in contemporary Spanish. The theoretical part prepared on the basis of specialized literature is followed by an analysis of sample texts based on corpus CREA implemented by the Spanish Royal Academy.
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Use of subjunctive/indicative with probability operators (quizás in non-inicial position) in European Spanish.
HAVLÍKOVÁ, Martina
This bachelor's thesis is based on statistical research which verify the use of indicative and subjunctive with probability operator quizás in non-inicial position in European Spanish. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first section offers theoretical background for the research section. The theoretical section is focused on clarification of problems connected with the use of grammatical moods and tenses, conception of modality and role of operators. The second, practical section of the thesis consists in statistical analysis which has been realized by the use of corpus CREA of the Royal Spanish Academy. The aim of the research is to find out real status of using indicative and subjunctive with operator quizás. The investigation is separated into five genres in the period from 1990 to 2004. The results are presented in charts and tables that provide a picture of the frequency of using both grammatical moods.
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