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The quality of life of children with Crohn's disease
Vaňková, Vendula ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Vaňková, Dana (referee)
Author: Vendula Vaňková Institution: Charles University in Prague Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Social Medicine, Department of Nursing Title: The quality of life of children with Crohn's disease Supervisor: prof. PhDr. Jiří Mareš, CSc. Number of pages: 120 Number of attachments: 8 Year of defense: 2018 Keywords: Crohn's disease, children and adolescents, inflammatory bowel diseases, quality of life, mixed approach This bachelor thesis explores the quality of life of adolescents with Crohn's disease. The theoretical part deals with Crohn's disease - the incidence of diseases in adults and children and adolescents, etiology, symptoms, complications, diagnosis and treatment. The next chapter focuses on the specificities of Crohn's disease in childhood. The notion of quality of life is explained in the next chapter together with a description of previous research on this issue. Qualitative and quantitative research in adolescents with Crohn's disease is key to work. The tested set was established from five adolescents aged 14 - 17 (3 girls and 2 boys). The adolescents answered the questions in the semi-structured interview, then completed the PedsQL questionnaire, which evaluates children's quality of life. The thesis verifies the quality of life of adolescents with Crohn's...
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Needs of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
LIDOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor thesis focuses on the needs of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The principal types of inflammatory bowel disease are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. According to some authors, it also includes indeterminate colitis, in which the specific disease cannot be clearly identified. These two diseases are among chronic inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract. They differ in the area of the infliction of the digestive tract. Crohn's disease affects any part of the digestive tract, while ulcerative colitis affects the rectum and the large intestine. Both diseases are manifested by the frequent painful emptying of the diurnal stool with the addition of blood during an acute outburst. It is important to diagnose the disease as soon as possible and to initiate early treatment. It is also very important to follow the management of the diet and to regularly visit the doctor. In the theoretical part, we also deal with a hierarchy of needs. It is essential for a nursing team to know the patient's needs. From this knowledge, the whole nursing process may continue to develop. If a patient suffers from some of the needs, it can have a significant impact on the mental, physical and social side of the person. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis we dealt with qualitative research. The research consisted of eight respondents who suffered from one of the inflammatory bowel disease. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on the basis of a stated goal: To map the needs of patients living with inflammatory bowel disease. The research was conducted in a domestic environment. Results from data collected from patients were categorized and then processed. According to our research, it is quite clear that the most important thing for these patients is to satisfy the need for emptying. This thesis will help students to get new information about the diseases in question and could also serve as a source of information for patients with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease.
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The effects of bacterial lysates on the gut barrier function and microbiota composition
Zákostelská, Zuzana ; Tlaskalová - Hogenová, Helena (advisor) ; Prokešová, Ludmila (referee) ; Rada, Vojtěch (referee)
Dynamic molecular interactions between the microbiota and the intestinal mucosa play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. Aberrant host- microbiota interaction could lead to many diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the commensal and probiotic bacteria activities and their ability to induce pathological or exert beneficial effects. The most important trigger for immune system development is an exposure to microbial components. Here, we show that there is a time window at about three weeks of age, which enables the artificial colonization of germ free mice by a single oral dose of cecal content. The delayed colonization by either inoculation or co-housing causes permanent changes in immune system reactivity, which may downgrade the results of experiments performed on first generation of colonized animals. In this thesis we report that even non-living commensal bacteria such as Parabacteroides distasonis (mPd) or well known probiotics such as L. casei DN-114 001 (Lc) possess anti-inflammatory effects in experimental model of colitis. The mechanisms that this effect is achieved by the lysate of L. casei DN-114 001 comprise: a) improvement in the gut barrier function, b) correction of the dysbiosis, and c) modulation of the...
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Clinical and genetic predictors of drug dependency in inflammatory bowel disease
Ďuricová, Dana ; Lukáš, Milan (advisor) ; Keil, Radan (referee) ; Špičák, Julius (referee)
IN ENGLISH Drug dependency in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a specific disease phenotype which determines disease prognosis and hence may be used as a prognostic marker for treatment management. Drug dependency in IBD has been well described in corticosteroid treatment and recently also in infliximab (IFX) therapy. The aims of this thesis were: 1) to assess the occurrence of IFX dependency in paediatric and adult patients with CD; further to search for clinical and genetic predictors of IFX outcome and to evaluate the impact of IFX dependency on surgical rate; 2) to assess in CD patients the outcome of the first course of 5-ASA monotherapy with emphasis on 5-ASA dependency and to define clinical predictors of 5-ASA treatment outcome. We found that 66% of children and 29% of adults with CD became IFX dependent. The high frequency in paediatrics is in agreement with previously published studies, while the finding in adult patients indicates a lower rate of IFX dependency in the only study to date. Perianal disease and no bowel surgery prior to IFX start were predicative of IFX dependency in paediatric patients. In adult cohort, 2 genetic variants LTA c.207 A>G and CASP9 c.93 C>T were associated with IFX outcome, whereas no relevant clinical...
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Bacterial components in experimental intestinal inflammation prevention and therapy
Kverka, Miloslav ; Tlaskalová - Hogenová, Helena (advisor) ; Šedivá, Anna (referee) ; Stříž, Ilja (referee)
Although strong protective immune response is essential for preventing invasion by pathogens, equivalent responses against antigens originating from commensal bacteria can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Manipulating the mucosal immune responses with microbial antigens might be an excellent tool to IBD therapy or prevention. Our aim was to gain some insight into the regulation of the intestinal inflammation and to isolate bacterial immunomodulatory components that could be used in intestinal inflammation therapy and prevention. One particular mechanism of how healthy colon tissue regulates the inflammation during acute experimental colitis is through modulation of bioavailability of glucocorticoids (GCs) in gut mucosa. Here, we show that intestinal inflammation changes the local GC metabolism, which ultimately leads to decrease in inflammatory readiness of cells in the gut mucosa and in mesenteric lymph nodes. This pre-receptor regulation of GC function could represent an important homeostatic function of the gut mucosa. The actual triggers of intestinal inflammation in IBD seem to be either microbial dysbiosis or microbes with special "pathogenic" abilities, which both could be rectified by feeding with probiotics. Here, we report that oral feeding with live...
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