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Changes in pension insurance system in respect to the demographic development in the Czech Republic
HADAČOVÁ, Tereza
This master{\crq}s thesis deals with the issue of the pension system in relation to the demographic development in the Czech Republic. In describes the pension system from its very beginning until the effective legislation regulated by Act No. 155/1995, on Pension Insurance. The Czech pension system is based on two pillars {--} the basic obligatory system of pension insurance where the principle of social solidarity is applied and that is based on continuous funding (PAYG), and the voluntary private pension scheme with a state contribution. The private scheme is conceived as individual savings and is based on capital funding. The financial balance of the pay-as-you-go system where the expenditures on the benefits for current pensioners are immediately paid from the funds of those who are economically active to a critical extent depends on the rate between the number of pensioners and the number of contribution payers. As the expenditure on old-age pension accounts for the highest share in the expenditure on pension insurance, the rate between the number of pensioners and the number of contribution payers is primarily determined by the age structure of the population. Similarly to all developed countries, the development of the age structure of the population of the Czech Republic is marked with ageing of population as a result of the stagnating or decreasing fertility and extension of the lifespan. Benefits derived from the period of insurance and generated earnings are then paid from the pension insurance. They include old-age pension, disability pensions, and survivors{\crq} pensions. The aim of this thesis was not only to map out the current situation, but to define pros and cons of effective legislation related to pension insurance based on interviews with employees of district social security administrations, taking into account the demographic development in the Czech Republic. It also aimed at establishing the opinion of the lay public on the operation of the existing system and providing it within the context of the answers given by the expert public. To achieve these objectives, the qualitative method of document analysis and questioning was applied. Research techniques included a secondary data analysis and a half-standardised interview. The reviewed set comprised 11 officers at pension departments of district social security administrations and 11 respondents from among the lay public. The results of the research show that the current setting of the pension system is regarded as rather negative. The changes that must be made must be comprehensive and going across multiple systems; with a functioning labour market and stable background for families with children being an utmost necessity. It is also necessary to change the thinking of the citizens of the Czech Republic where one should no longer rely on the state only, but build on a responsible approach to one{\crq}s life and provide for oneself with one{\crq}s own founds for any social event, not only including the loss of income due to old age. The opinions of the expert and lay public were the same in more than 80%. With respect to the information obtained, this thesis might be a useful contribution to the discussion on other legislative changes in the pension system with a subsequent positive impact when applied in practice.
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The Legal adjustment of state social support and possibilites of its change
HADAČOVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor{\crq}s treatise deals with the issue of the state social support regulating the allowances provided to authorised person (family members) in certain socially recognised situation, when the state partly takes over the joint liability for the occurred social situation. The thesis describes the historical development of social allowances paid by the state, contemporary legal regulations concerning the benefits as a.o. child allowance, social benefit, contribution to housing, parental benefit, benefits for foster care, birth grant, death allowance. Moreover it informs of the characteristics of the Act No. 117/1995 Coll. of the State Social Allowance, as amended, in connection to present regulation of the life minimum pursuant the Act No. 110/2006 Coll. of the Life and Existence Minimum. This concerns also the way of financing of social security and continuity of the Czech system of state social support to that of European Union. The target of the work was to map the current state of the issue and also to find out the opinions of the employees of the body of state social support on the valid legal regulation including the possible drafts of its possible change and to make up the comparison of changes in providing individual benefits in years 2006, 2007 and 2008. To achieve this goal, the qualitative method of the analysis of the document and questioning was applied. The technique of the research was secondary data analysis and standardised talk. The examined complex consisted of nine respondents with experience in the field of state social support, selected by the method of accidental choice from six different regions of the Czech Republic. These were managers with a long-term practice in the given system. It follows from the research that the changes which came into effect on 1st January 2008 are being evaluated rather negatively based on the opinion that the Czech system of the state social support causes the growth of dependency of citizens on the state. The proposal of changes, formulated in this treatise based on the results of the research should concern first of all the child allowance, contribution to housing and more strict control concerning providing allowances. Based on the gained information and achieved goals the thesis could serve as incentive for the proposal of legislative change in the system of state social support with a positive impact on this system during its application in practice.
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Measures to the increasing of the employment rate in Germany
LOUDOVÁ, Michaela
The topic of this thesis is unemployment. It represents a serious social and economic problem caused by numerous factors. There are also various methods how to contend with it. The author mentions the measures to increasing of the employment rate or in more specific terms to reduction of the unemployment in Germany within the new reform, so-called Hartz-Konzept. Next, the author deals with the unemployment of young people and with the measures, which contribute to their labour-market integration. She emphasizes the relevance of skilled workers and also refers to the sufficiency of qualified workforce in Germany. The author also focuses on the institutions, which influence the conditions at the employment market, including their aim. The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to find out, how Germany fights with the unemployment und what impact have the mentioned measures.
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Funguje reforma?
Babetskii, Ian ; Campos, N. F.
A large econometric literature evaluates the effects of reform on economic performance. This paper tries to assess these efforts focusing on the experience of the transition economies.
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The citizen versus region or city
Louda, Tomáš
Public administration reform is a long-term process with a positive potential. One of the most underestimated aspects which, however, is irreplaceable for an effective function of the democratic political system, is the stress laid on the restoration and development of civic society and the expansion of public space.
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