|
Biological activity of plant metabolites. XIV. Influence of alkaloids from Chelidonium majus L.on acetylcholinesterase
Kubincová, Dagmar ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Kubincová, D.: Biological activity of plant metabolites XIV; Influence of alkaloids from Chelidonium majus L. on acetylcholinesterase. Rigorous work, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy Hradec Králové, 74 pp. Key words: Alzheimer's disease, alkaloids, Chelidonium majus, acetylcholinesterase, biological aktivity. Within the screening of plants that contain alkaloids inhibiting the activity of the human erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase Greater celadine (Chelidonium majus L., Papaveraceae) was studied. 41.8 kg of the whole dry plant (the aerial part with the roots) served for the isolation of alkaloids. Mixtures of pseudocyanides of benzophenanthridine alkaloids, phenolic bases, and the alkaloids precipitated from either chloroform-soluble or chloroform-insoluble chlorides were obtained from the purified ethanolic extract. My task was to separate bases from the chlorides insoluble in chloroform. Using both column and thin layer chromatography protopine as a base was isolated. The identity of the isolated alkaloid was determined by means of an authentic standard and by comparing its physico-chemical characteristics with the published data. The isolated compound inhibited the human erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase with IC50 1,12.10-3 M. Comparing its biological activity with that of...
|
|
Botanical survey of the disturbed part of the Hučina stream (Černý Kříž, Šumava Mts.)
LAZÁRKOVÁ, Kateřina
The thesis is part of the project ?Bohemian Revitalization of wetlands and peatlands?. The aim is to capture the current state of vegetation and flora, with an emphasis on the existence of rare or endangered species in Hučina plains in the southeastern part of the Bohemian Forest. A generic list of sites added phytosociological images taken during the field survey. The area was defined by the 26 permanent plots. The grasslands of the plains area had dimensions 4 × 4 m, in the original channel and channel Hučina main drainage trench 8 × 2 m and forested floodplain of the 10 × 10 m in these areas. I made a complete inventory of all species found and I identified the vegetation cover. Species were recorded after the floors ? floor starting tree. Overall, it was found 106 plant species and 7 species of lichens. Most plant species occurring in individual areas belonged to bryophytes.
|
|
Growth performance of containerized and bare-rooted planting stock
Pechman, Petr ; Kuneš, Ivan (advisor) ; Otakar, Otakar (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the development and growth of containerized and bare-rooted seedlings of Norway spruce on the plots situated on the Dolní Lomnice Forest District, a division of Karlovy Vary VLS ČR, s. p. (Army Forest and Estates of the Czech Republic). In this work addressed the following sub-tasks: comparison of mortality, height increment and increment of root collar, root development, analysis of cost recovery stands on the site.
Three years after the founding of the plots it was discovered that containerized planting stock reached higher relative increment. When using a planting hole technology, the mortality was in both types of planting stock approximately similar. Furthermore, it was found that containerized planting stock planted with the planting hole technology, a higher incidence of advent naturally developed roots occurred. The planting technology using a loading mandrel (similar typesetter) used for containerized planting stock was assessed as an unsuitable and also the most frequent presence of unnatural root architectonics (deformations and secondary roots, if they were ever developed) it was demonstrated. An economic study showed that the overall costs for the forest regeneration using of the containerized planting stock are higher compared with the bare-rooted planting stock.
|
|
Ecology of Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth
Vachová, Pavla ; Hejcman, Michal (advisor)
Ecology of expansion species is still a hot topic. The antropogenic landscape gradually occurred since the Neolithic . The result has been a change in the structure of plant communities and the successful expansion of species such as Calamagrostis epigejos.
C. epigejos is expansive, perennial, long-stemmed, rhizomatous grass. Its important characteristic are very large ecological amplitude, high biomass production and a ability adjust habitat conditions.
Experiments and studies that are included in dissertation, have the following basic objectives: (1) Investigate the expansion of C. epigejos in plant community. (2) Investigate the theoretical degree of stability of this phytocenosis. (3) Determine the response of C. epigejos to nutrients availability. (4) Test of possibility eliminating of C. epigejos. (5) Suggest a practical use of C. epigeos.
Primarily, we monitored the reaction of interest species to management (aplication of N, P, K nutrients, mowing in various combinations). We were interested in its behavior in the plant community. It founded field and pot experiment. Results of field experiment were also used to calculate the theoretical measure of the stability of individual variants. Further research has been directed at eliminating C. epigejos using wireworms (Elateridae larvae species). The study which uses C epigejos for monitoring of deposition of heavy metals, has shown that aspects of the global expansion of the grass are not always negative.
|
|
Molecular biology and ecology of microbial decomposition of plant-derived biopolymers in forest ecosystems
Žifčáková, Lucia ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Uhlík, Ondřej (referee) ; Bárta, Jiří (referee)
The abilities of fungi and bacteria to degrade simple and complex carbon compounds derived from different sources, such as root exudates, litter, soil organic matter or fungal mycelium were studied in this dissertation. Knowledge of functional traits, especially degradation abilities of fungi and bacteria, are important for deciphering the black box of microbial functioning in topsoil and thus aiding in modeling and predicting future directions of microbial communities development in face of global changes. Among fungal cultures form culture collection representing strains with different taxonomy and ecophysiology, the ecophysiology of fungi was more important in manifestation of functional traits than taxonomy. Among bacterial isolates from the litter and soil of spruce forest, Acidobacteria were confirmed to express multiple decomposition enzymes in high rates in vitro and were also abundant and active degraders in acidic spruce forest soil. The expression of degradation capacities of both bacteria and fungi were further studied in situ in spruce forest topsoil, that represents an important environment due to the ubiquity of coniferous forests on the Northern hemisphere. There is an obvious gap of knowledge, when comes to our understanding of seasonal effect on microbial functioning, and this is...
|
|
Quantification of Elements in Plant Materials by Electrothermal Vaporization Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry
Šerá, Luisa ; Matějková, Stanislava ; Mestek, O.
This paper describes optimization and validation of operating conditions of electrothermal vaporization (ETV) inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method for quantification of Ba, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sr and Zn in plant materials. Besides the optimization of the temperature program, the selection of the gaseous modifier and the spectral wavelengths to be measured, it was studied how the sample quantity affects the result quality of the developed method. During the validation process, the accuracy and precision of the method were checked by analysis of a certified reference material. Limits of detection were estimated by analyses of blank samples. For almost all previously mentioned elements, the method meets requirements commonly applied on analyses by ETV combined with ICP-OES.
|
| |
|
Palaeoecology of selected localities of the Whetstone Horizon
Libertín, Milan ; Kvaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (referee) ; Cleal, Christopher J. (referee)
Palaeoecology of selected localities of the Whetstone Horizon In frames of the present thesis taphonomical and paleoecological processed were described in selected localities of whetstone horizon. Fossil plant assemblage known from the locality Štilec represents plant community buried in situ by volcanic ash after volcanic explosion (Pennsylvanian, Bolsov). Plant community exhibits relatively low diversity assemblage of herbaceous and subarborescent plants. This unique taphocoenose was interpreted as pioneer assemblage growing in partly drained lake. In the locality Ovčín the peat bog of Lower Radnice Seam was buried during the same volcanic eruption by volcanic ash. Up to now 5 excavations were recovered of the area of seats over 150 m 2 on two sites which are approximately 40 m distant from each other. In this area 27 morphotaxa of fossil plant was recorded. They represent 20 whole plants. Fossil plant remains represent fossil plant assemblage dominated by lycopod plants of planar (rheotrophic) swamp situated in narrow palaeovalley with active fluvial system. Second part of the thesis is focused on systematic descriptions of fossil plant taxa from localities of the Whetstone horizon. A monotypic genus Huttonia and species Huttonia spicata from Class Sphenopsids was emended. Further there were described...
|
|
Ballance of waste to energy process
Hejl, Matěj ; Bébar, Ladislav (referee) ; Pavlas, Martin (advisor)
This diploma thesis considers different attitudes to evaluation of lower heating value of municipal solid waste as a main parameter of calculation of effectiveness incineration process. Modification of general relation is done to calculate lower heating value by using methodology BREF/BAT for real plant. The next step is evaluation of lower heating value within measured data. Following part of this thesis is focused on establishing thermal efficiency of incineration boiler by using direct, indirect and “modified” indirect methods and statistical analyses of them. Analysis of important quantities, which enters the calculation of thermal efficiency, is realized. The establishment of measurement error in measuring these main parameters is done as well.
|
|
Induction of suppressive soil by introduction of mycoparasitic fungi against important plant pathogens
STREJČKOVÁ, Monika
This M. Sc. thesis is based on using of mycoparasitic fungi Trichoderma virens, Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata in biological control against phytopathogenic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium solani. The efficacy of mycoparasitic fungi against pathogens was evaluated in dual cultural tests. The strains of T. virens and C. rosea f. catenulata isolated from soils in the Czech Republic were tested in the experiment. Reference strain was GL 21 fungus T. virens reisolated from commercially available bio-preparation SoilGard and strain C. rosea f. catenulata reisolated from Prestop Mix. All the strains were tested for biological and production properties. All strains are able to colonize the substrate and to suppress the growth and development of pathogens. Strain GL 21 of T. virens was used for seed coating of variety Scirocco in combination with products Guar gum and Carboxymethyl cellulose, which served as a carrier for stick on conidia. After 3 days, the effect of fungus T. virens was evaluated on energy of germination, development of roots of grain. The grain health was determined after 7 days. The fungus T. virens has a positive effect on the grains germination and grain health. During the vegetation the influence of seed coating by T. virens was observed on growth and development of spring wheat. The parameters such as number of plants per m2, tiller numbers, plants health, stand height, number of grains in the spike and thousand grain weight (TGW) were evaluated. During the vegetation the fungus T. virens has positive effect on the plant height.
|
guest ::
