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Management of Helicobacter pylori infection and dyspepsia in primary care
Seifert, Bohumil ; Bencko, Vladimír (advisor) ; Holčík, Jan (referee) ; Hep, Aleš (referee)
This thesis is devoted to dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori infection, both significant issues for primary care. Various epidemiological and clinical studies from primary care are described. Current scientific opinions on dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori infection important for optimal primary care management are presented. The critical interest of the author is in the severity of complaints and assessment of the individual risk of organic disease in patients presenting dyspepsia in primary care. In another study the author contributes to understanding and mutual cooperation between gastroenterologists and primary care physicians. The thesis concludes with practical guidelines, created as a result of interdisciplinary cooperation..
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Kasalová, Zdislava ; Škrha, Jan (advisor) ; Piťha, Jan (referee) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee)
Diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia and arterial hypertension are the best known risk factors of atherosclerosis- the most common macrovascular disease. The aim of our work was to asses influence of this risk factors on microcirculation. We supposed, that the smallest vessels are the most sensitive to the noxious influence and that microvascular disorder will be early indicator of vascular impairment. Our work has shown, that risk factors influence on microcirculation is completely different, in the contrast with relatively uniform influence on macrovaslular level. Diabetes mellitus presents two completely different entities, from the microvascular point of view. Pathogenesis of microvascular and macrovascular complications in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the same- it is the long- term hyperglycaemia, but it's influence on microvascular reactivity is completelly different. In Type 1 diabetic patients, microvascular reactivity impairment develops later, and it is in correlation with presence and severity of the most common microvascular complication- peripheral neuropathy. On the contrary, in Type 2 diabetes mellitus microvascular reactivity impairment occures in early stage of this dissease and is not connected with presence and severity of peripheral neuropathy. In patients with...
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Synthesis and study of ceramide analogues
Školová, Barbora ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Matějka, Pavel (referee) ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of inorganic and organic chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Barbora Školová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Kateřina Vávrová, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Synthesis and study of ceramide analogues Ceramides (Cer) together with free fatty acids and cholesterol form intercellular lamellar space of the uppermost skin layer (stratum corneum, SC). This lipid matrix presents the proper skin barrier - it protects organism against outer environment and keeps its homeostasis as well. The composition and arrangement of the intercellular lipid matrix is essential for the skin barrier properties. In spite of this fact, the organization of SC lipids at the molecular level is not fully elucidated. The aim of this work is to contribute to more detailed insight into organization of skin barrier using SC lipid model membranes, in particular to find the structural parameters in ceramide molecules, which play a role in the maintenance of the skin barrier. The SC model membranes present a useful tool to study SC lipids, they mimic physiological or pathological conditions in the skin. The obtained results should be used in diagnosing or therapy of skin diseases characteristic with impaired barrier function, such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis....
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Diabetes mellitus negatively affects male reproductive parameters in vivo
Valášková, Eliška ; Žatecká, Eva ; Pavlínková, Gabriela ; Bohuslavová, Romana ; Dorosh, Andriy ; Elzeinová, Fatima ; Kubátová, Alena ; Margaryan, Hasmik ; Pěknicová, Jana
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15% of couples in reproductive age suffer from infertility problems, and up to 60% of cases are caused by male factor. This could be caused by genetic background, environmental factors and various diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the impact of DM on male fertility is not fully understood. . The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DM on reproductive parameters and sperm quality, using mouse model. DM (type 1) was induced by Streptozotocin in FVB inbred mouse strain. Mice with blood sugar levels higher than 13.9 mmol/L were considered diabetic. After 4 weeks of diabetes exposure, diabetic males were bred with wild type females and transgenerational effect of DM was assessed. Selected morphological, cellular, and molecular parameters of diabetic males and their male offspring were compared to appropriate controls. There was an increased in sperm fragmentation and abnormalities of sperm morphology in diabetic mice in both generations. An increased staining with apoptotic marker annexin V was also detected in the diabetic groups. Furthermore, a presence of protamines as major sperm nuclear proteins was analysed. Protamine 1 to protamine 2 ratio (P1/P2), a marker of male fertility, was altered in sperms of experimental diabetic animals in both generations. Our findings indicate that DM type 1 negatively affects sperm quality and P1/P2 ratio and this negative effect is transmitted to the progeny
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Phenotypic Analyses of the HD transgenic Minipig Model
Motlík, Jan ; Ellederová, Zdeňka
The transgenic model of Huntington’s disease in minipig (TgHD) was created in 2009 and information coding the sequence of N-terminal part of human mutated huntingtin was transferred to subsequent generations from both female and male sides. In each litter, transgenic (TgHD) and wild-type (WT) piglets were born in approximately equal ratio. At present, the Laboratory of Cell Regeneration and Plasticity keeps sets of animals in F2 and F3 generations with identical genetic background and bred in identical conditions of feeding and housing. The present research project was focused on a complex of non-invasive and invasive approaches to WT and TgHD minipigs to achieve the entire phenotypic analysis of HD progression in this large animal model.
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The effect of a visual handicap on the movement coordination in blind children
ROKŮSEK, Michal
This bachelor thesis is focused on monitoring the movement coordination in blind children, and its aim is to demonstrate the potential benefits that can be obtained by engaging in a specially modified sport. Practicing a sport is suitable for improving physical fitness and helps to eliminate risks, such as obesity increase, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, hypertension, diabetes or osteoporosis. All these risks are far more dangerous for the group to which blind and weak-sighted people belong as they are also affected by factors, such as dependency, protection, problems with the development of the personality and the psychomotor coordination, and the development of the loco-motor system. The introduction describes the anatomy of the eye and various defects associated with its development. Five simple tests show that sport improves the health state and the movement coordination in visually impaired children. The first test was aimed at observing walk and spatial orientation, with special attention paid to examination of the movement coordination. The test revealed large differences in physical coordination between the athlete client and the non-athlete client. In the test covering the distance of 10 m and 20 m it was ascertained that the spatial orientation and the distance estimation of the athlete client were better. The second test was to evaluate the coordination of movements of the limbs and the head, by observing both clients running. The test took place at a distance of 3 m and 5 m. There were visible differences between the two clients; in particular, the non-athlete client showed disorderly movements and a poor posture. It was obvious that the second client practised sports. The test of the response to audio stimulation. This test demonstrated the effect of sports activities on the athlete client who reacted more promptly and fulfilled the given 4 tasks better. The physical challenge test {--} learning skills. The non-athlete client showed some uncertainty but otherwise both of them fulfilled the given task well. The test of identification of objects by touch. In this test it was possible to observe different approaches of both the clients to fulfilling the task. The final evaluation of all the tests showed that the seemingly simple tasks were very difficult for the blind. Being commonly and easily practiced by people who are not visually handicapped in order to improve their physical condition, sport is often neglected by visually impaired people, mainly due to inaccessibility. The sports practiced by the blind and the weak-sighted are not synonymous to absolute health but sports activities can improve the dynamics of movement and the health state. With regard to these aspects, we can say that physical exercise of visually impaired people improves cardio respiratory and muscular endurance, strength, flexibility, but may also lead to better integration into the society and to a better-quality lifestyle.
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The Persistence of Human Polyomaviruses
Blažková, Kristýna ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Kuthan, Martin (referee)
Despite years of research, even the most scrutinized Polyomaviruses - BK and JC - have not yet been thoroughly understood. With a number of new Polyomaviruses - KIV, WUV, MCV, HPyV6, HPyV7, TSV and HPyV9 described in the past few years, the need to understand how Polyomaviruses operate in their hosts has become even more urgent. The probable route of transmission appears to be either respiratory or faecal-oral. The initial infection occurs most likely in the early childhood or early-adolescence and is followed by a life-long persistence. The seroprevalence of Human Polyomaviruses among healthy adult population is high: BKV (81-97 %), JCV (35-69 %), KIV (55 %), WUV (69 %), MCV (25-46 %) and TSV (70-80 %). Human Polyomaviruses can cause fatal diseases in immunocompromised patients. The site of persistence in humans probably varies depending on the specific Polyomavirus. BK and JC are known to persist in kidneys and the urinary tract. Human Polyomaviruses have been detected in the lymphatic tissues, blood, respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal systems. It is not clear, however, if they persist in all of these sites. Mechanisms which Polyomaviruses use to establish and maintain persistent infection could include the viral miRNA and viral agnoprotein, which would result in a modulation of viral...
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Gluten-free diet in the training of students from hotel school and apprenticeship cook-waiter.
VRZALOVÁ, Radka
Gluten-free diet is a concept inflected in the media in recent years very often. This thesis is devoted to exploring whether and how the theme of "gluten-free diet" is put in theoretical and practical training for students and trainees of Secondary School and Higher Vocational School of Tourism (Vyšší odborné školy cestovního ruchu) in České Budějovice, subjects focused on gastronomy. The theoretical part focuses on the explanation of celiac disease, gluten-free meals, legislation dealing with the labeling of allergens (gluten). There are also discussed the eating problems of patients with gluten-free diet in restaurants and canteens. In the practical part there search has been conducted to determine how students are familiarized with this theme, what knowledge they have and whether they can use it in practice. The survey was conducted through a question naire survey, observation in the lessons and the analysis of used literature. Graphic design with commentaries was chosen to evaluate the qualitative survey questionnaires.
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Stanovení flavonoidních látek ve vybraných druzích léčivých rostlin používaných v potravinářství
Bačová, Romana
In plant and food research the functional significance of herbs, spices and other plants, including their components is very popular topic. Plant material contains many components that are beneficial to human health by reducing the risk of chronic degenerative diseases. It is necessary to define the individual substances to understand and explain their biological effects. The first part of thesis describes the selected plants (elderberry, nettle, marigold, milk thistle, sea buckthorn, sage, purple coneflower and thyme) and also describes their medicinal properties and uses. The second part of thesis deals with phenolic and flavonoid substances. In the third (experimental) part, of thesis there were qualitatively and quantitatively determined flavonoid compounds in selected plant species. For identification the technique combining liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry - HPLC/MS was used. Extraction was carried out by vortexing and Soxhlet method, using two different concentrations of metanol. These metods were then statistically compared.
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