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The thermochemical methods for the recovery of P from the waste sludge
Struňáková, Katarína ; Šyc, Michal (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
Global food production is strongly dependent on the application of phosphate fertilizers, the production requires apatite - a primary phosphate rock. Apatite is a non-renewable source of phosphorus, depletion of which estimated within the next 50 - 300 years. Sewage sludge is an important secondary source of phosphorus through recycling. Thermochemical methods pose one of the ways of recycling phosphorus from this source. For this diploma thesis, the hydrothermal carbonization of stabilized sewage sludge was monitored in the environments of distilled water, sulfuric acid solution and sodium hydroxide solution. The trans- port of phosphorus and heavy metals between the solid and liquid product of this treatment depending on the environmental conditions was monitored. In all cases, the weight of the sewage sludge was reduced and parts of the organic matter were destroyed. The highest efficiency was achieved under alkaline conditions, where the weight was reduced by 44 % and the resulting solid product contained approximately 25 % of organic matter. After neutral hydrothermal treatment, 91 % of the phosphorus remained in solid form, in which the other monitored elements also accumulated. The greatest release of phosphorus into the liquid phase occurred under acidic conditions when 62 % of the phosphorus...
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Legislativní podmínky pro použití upravených kalů na zemědělské půdě
Andrlová, Veronika ; Horáková, Eva
Tento článek prezentuje současné legislativní aspekty týkající se nakládání s kaly z čistíren odpadních vod. Český zákon o odpadech definoval typy subjektů, které mohou určitým způsobem pracovat s kaly. Vyhláška obsahuje technické podmínky pro použití upravených kalů na zemědělské půdě, například že všechny kaly, které budou takto použity musí být nejdříve upraveny zákonem definovaných zařízeních. Jsou zde popsány evidenční povinnosti, které mají provozovatelé zařízení na použití upravených kalů do půdy.
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Biologicky rozložitelný odpad jako zdroj živin pro půdu
Křížová, Olga
The main objective of this bachelor thesis „Biodegradable waste as a source of nutrients for soil“ is to assess potential of processing and utilizing biodegradable waste and use of the resulting output on farmland. Partial outputs are reading up available literature on the biodegradable waste matters, on its production, ways of processing and utilizing the resulting output on farmland. Particularly there are introduced techniques of composting in open area with digging-up and controlled ventilation that are used in compostery Fer-tia s.r.o. based in Náměšť nad Oslavou. In the final part there are mentioned outputs from composting analysis based on the above mentioned technologies and using stock composition with sewage sludge and also the possibilities of using composts with this stock composition on farmland as of advantages and disadvantages, risks and potential source of nutrients.
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Harvesting of materials from wastewater and sludge
Boubínová, Marie ; Chorazy, Tomáš (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of recycling raw materials from wastewater and sewage sludge with emphasis on phosphorus. The first part of the thesis deals with the problems associated with resources of phosphorus, the use of the legislative and recycling of phosphorus. Then, physico-chemical and biological methods of phosphorus recycling from wastewater and products of their further processing at WWTPs are discussed. Phosphorus recycling is also described in terms of the circular economy, which is explained at the end of the first part of this thesis. The second part of this thesis is a technical-economic research for a specific WWTP over 50 thousand. PE in the Czech Republic. The available technologies for recycling phosphorus from wastewater, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash are described alsonhere. Then, the technologies are compared and evaluated.
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Analysis of biochar aqueous extracts by separation methods
Tučková, Dominika ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This master's thesis deals with the analysis of biochar extracts by separation methods. All analyzed biochar was produced from waterworks sludge by microwave pyrolysis. The aim of the thesis is the optimization of the sample preparation method and its analysis in a laboratory environment. With the ever-growing world population, the problem of a sustainable economy in both agriculture and waste management is becoming increasingly urgent. This fact has led most countries to consider promoting the so-called Circular Economy. The use of sewage sludge as a feedstock for biochar production is perfectly in line with this strategy. So far, however, the short term and the long term benefits and risks of using biochar have not been sufficiently described. Potentially hazardous organic substances were extracted from the biochar extracts by three techniques: liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, and solid- phase micro-extraction. The obtained samples were analyzed using the GS-MS/TOF method. The individual methods were compared. Several biochar samples from WWTP Brno and WWTP Drahovice were selected and analyzed to verify the suitability of the selected sample analysis method.
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Possibilities of separation of phosphorus compounds from sewage sludge
Iliushchenko, Valeriia ; Kalina, Lukáš (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor work deals with the issue of non-renewable natural resource – phosphorus. Phosphorus finds its application especially in the form of the salts of phosphorous acid. The use of phosphorus compounds is very varied from binders for refractory materials, fertilizer to foodstuffs. Due to the fact, that relatively large amount of human activity is bounded with phosphorus and its compounds, it can be assumed that over the time, the amount of phosphorus respectively its compounds will decrease, so the cost will increase. Owing to widespread use of this stuffs, it can be supposed that these substances could be concentrated for example in sewage sludge. Therefore, the object of this study will be the treatment of sewage sludge, where methods for separating phosphorus compounds will be sought. The aim of this bachelor work is to verify, whether sewage sludge can be used as an alternative source of phosphorus.
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Effect of sewage sludge application on content of soil microbial biomass
Tichá, Alena ; Černý, Jindřich (advisor) ; Růžek, Lubomír (referee)
Microbial biomass plays a main role in transformations of elements. It participates in transformation biogenic elements and it is a sensitive indicator changes in soil. The conten of soil microbial biomas is not the same, during the year Application of fertilizers can improve soil properties. Sewage sludges aplication on soil can provide not only organic matter, but they can increase soil productivity an provide nutrients, which is important for plants.
In this thesis was watched effect of long-term application of sewage sludge on soil microbial bimass of carbon and nitrogen. Changes microbial biomass of carbon and nitrogen was watched on two sites Suchdol and Červený Újezd. Changes was watched under different system of fertilization. The long-term fertilization was manure, sewage sludge, NPK and unfertilized control. The samples was collected during the April, May, June and July 2014 and 2015 in March , April and June. The content of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen was estimated by fumigation-extraction method.
On station Suchdol was in the year 2014 highest in April with sewage sludge treatment 237,52 mg C/kg. In the year 2015 was content soil microbial biomass carbon highest on manure treatment 338,90 mg C/kg. On station Červený Újezd was in the year 2014 highest content microbial biomass carbon on sewage sludge treatment 280,13 mg C/kg. The highest content microbial biomass nitrogen on Suchdol in the year 2014 was in the April with NPK treatment 23,19 mg N/kg. The maximum content of soil microbial biomass nitrogen in the year 2015 was with sewage sludge treatment 24,07 mg N/kg. On the stand Červený Újezd was highest content of soil microbial biomass nitrogen in the year 2014. It was on June with manure treatment 21,52 mg N/kg. One year later there was the highest with manure treatment 23,24 mg N/kg.
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Phosphorus fertilizing of winter wheat in long-term field experiments including the sewage sludge treatment
Burgetová, Markéta ; Kulhánek, Martin (advisor) ; Karel, Karel (referee)
The theoretical part of the work is to describe the importance of phosphorus in soils and plants, and individual fertilizing systems, which is phosphorus in the soil supplied. Currently phosphorus considered limiting element in plant nutrition and it is therefore necessary to monitor the content and add it into the soil as required. Phosphorus is applied to the soil in different sorts of fertilizers. It is possible to use organic and mineral fertilizers and waste materials, for example sludge from sewage treatment plants. Sewage sludge appears to be a rich source of organic substances and other nutrients including phosphorus. Thanks to the application of sewage sludge on agricultural land, when used properly, reflects in the improvement of soil properties.
The aim of this work is to compare different fertilizing treatments (sewage sludge, manure and mineral fertilizers) in terms of water-soluble, accessible and residual phosphorus in the soil and also in terms of the influence of the mentioned treatments on winter wheat yields. The experiment was conducted at Humpolec, Hněvčeves and Suchdol sites and the evaluation was realized between the years 1996 and 2015.
The contents of readily available phosphorus at all sites were fairly balanced and did not clearly indicate the best fertilization option. The highest values were, however, in most cases measured at the sewage sludge treatment.
Sewage sludge appeared to be good source of mobile phosphorus. The values were almost always higher in comparison to the other studied treatments. It was confirmed at all three sites. The increasing tendency in mobile soil P content was clearly visible during the experiments. Estimating of residual phosphorus was carried out in comparison with other factions only in the years 1996, 2005 and 2014. The highest levels of residual P after application of sewage sludge were achieved at Humpolec and Suchdol sites. At the station Hněvčeves, the highest content was estimated on the variant fertilized with mineral fertilizers.
Even though the sludge proved to be the best phosphorus resource in our experiments, the highest winter wheat yields were reached using mineral fertilizers. A variant fertilized with sludge appeared to be second best way, and thereafter followed farmyard manure treatment.
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Sewage sludge incineration
Švehlová, Tereza ; Frýba, Lukáš (referee) ; Bébar, Ladislav (advisor)
The master´s thesis deals with the problem of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants and their subsequent incineration. Main aim is compare some possibilities of the energy use of mechanically dewatered sewage sludge and sewage sludge with previous anaerobic pre-treatment for various levels of drying sludge.
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Experimental solar drier of sewage sludge
Širůček, Vojtěch ; Niesner, Jakub (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
The master’s thesis is focused on the issue of solar drying of sewage sludge. The sludge management of wastewater treatment plants is described in the first part of this thesis. This theoretical part also deals with description of drying and dryers used for sludge treatment. The second part of the thesis is focused on the experimental solar drying of sewage sludge and the evaluation of the results.
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