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Filosoficko-metodologické problémy ekonomie: projekt ekonomické fenomenologie
Svoboda, Miroslav ; Schwarz, Jiří (advisor) ; Loužek, Marek (referee) ; Klamer, Arjo (referee)
In recent years, the economic approach to human behavior has been challenged by contributions of cognitive science. Thus two methodological strands in economics disagree with each other: the objectivistic approach favors the methods of natural science; the subjectivistic approach takes the teleological structure of human action as its cornerstone. It is argued that the position of the latter has been undermined and often degraded to a mere instrumentalist tool because it builds upon the primitive version of the teleological structure. Its deeper realist analysis is needed, which is the task for economic phenomenology: it identifies invariant pragmatic structures of human action, with various degrees of their anonymity. If the economic approach is founded on those structures adequately, then both rational choice theory and bounded rationality theories become compatible, as they differ in their degrees of anonymity only; they both belong to the body of the (subjectivistic) economic approach to human behavior. Economic phenomenology also offers a solution to the phenomenon of inconsistency of human action which is documented by cognitive sciences as a proof of human irrationality. The thesis shows that once the decision maker's description of the choice is allowed, inconsistency may disappear. Consistency is a matter of thinking, not acting. Therefore, a conceptual analysis of human thinking is needed. An example of the analysis is presented. It concentrates on the phenomenon of Self and works up the concept of the horizontality of Self. With this concept, inconsistency of human action is derived as a natural characteristic of our being-in-the-world. Inconsistency of human action is a pragmatic structure of human action, which even allows the decision maker some intentional control.
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Biologicky inspirované modely založené na prototypech a aplikace gompertzovské dynamiky ve shlukové analýze
Pastorek, Lukáš ; Řezanková, Hana (advisor) ; Húsek, Dušan (referee) ; Nánásiová, Oľga (referee)
The thesis deals with the analysis of the clustering and mapping techniques derived from the principles of the neural and statistical learning and growth theory. The selected branch of the unsupervised bio-inspired prototype-based models is described in terms of the proposed logical framework, which highlights the continuity of these methods with the classical "pure" statistical methods. Moreover, as those methods are broadly understood as the "black boxes" with the unpredictable, unclear and especially hidden behavior, the examples of the spatial computational and organizational patterns in two-dimensional space are provided. Additionally, this thesis presents the novel concept based on the non-linear, non-Gaussian Gompertzian function, which has been widely used as the universal law in dynamic growth models, but has not yet been applied in the field of computational intelligence. The essence of Gompertzian dynamics is mathematically analyzed and a novel simple version of the Gompertzian normalized function is introduced. Furthermore, the function was modified for use in the field of artificial intelligence and neural implications were discussed. Additionally, the novel neural networks were proposed and derived from the topological principles of Kohonen's self-organizing maps and neural gas algorithm. The Gompertzian networks were evaluated using several indicators for various generated and real datasets. Gompertzian neural networks with fixed grid and integrated neighborhood ranking principle generally show lower mean squared errors than the original SOM algorithms. Likewise, the unconstrained Gompertzian networks have demonstrated overall low error rates comparable to neural gas algorithm, more stable and lower error solutions than the k- means sequential procedure. In conclusion, the Gompertzian function has been shown to be a viable concept and an effective computational tool for multidimensional data analysis.
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Stress rate and incremental principle of virtual work in finite deformations
Fiala, Zdeněk
Solution of finite deformation problems is sought in the space of all deformation tensor fields. Representation of a deformation process here as a trajectory makes us possible to further classify symmetric second-order tensor fields either as points, vectors, or covectors, and, as a consequence, assign them the corresponding time derivatives. However, as the space of all deformation tensor fields has proved non-euclidean, the time derivative of vector, and covector fields along the trajectory should be defined by the covariant derivative. This approach enables us coherently to formulate an incremental principle of virtual work, and propose the corresponding procedure in solving finite deformation problems.
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Synthesis and biological activity of 3,4,5-trisubstituted furanones
Kotek, Ondřej ; Pour, Milan (advisor) ; Macháček, Miloš (referee)
Within the framework of this Thesis, a series of several 3,4,5-trisubstituted 2,5- dihydrofuran-2-ones derived from the structure of 3-(halophenyl)-5- acetyloxymethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one was prepared, and the compounds were evaluated for antifungal, antibacterial and cytostatic activity. The presence of phenyl at C4 led to a significant antibacterial effect, which was accompanied by cytostatic activity.
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Synthesis of imidazole derivatives with potential antimycobacterial activity
Cvejn, Daniel ; Klimešová, Věra (advisor) ; Špulák, Marcel (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department Department of inorganic and organic chemistry Candidate Daniel Cvejn Supervisor Doc. RNDr. Věra Klimešová, CSc. Supervisor specialist Doc. Ing. Filip Bureš, Ph.D. Title of Thesis Synthesis of imidazole derivatives with potential antimycobacterial activity New substances with potential antimycobacterial actvity were predicted on the basis of literature research. The substance library includes 1-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-imidazol-4(5)- yl]alkanamines with or without CBz (benzyloxycarbonyl) protected alifatic amino group. Some of predicted derivatives were synthetized and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) were then measured for four strains of Mycobacteria. Activity of predicted effective substances were compared with measured activity of the 1-[2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-4(5)- yl]alkanamines which do not possess nitro group. Structure activity relationships were also discussed. Keywords: imidazole, amines, antimycobacterial activity, Mycobacterium spp.
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The droplet motion on the inclined plane
Habr, Martin ; Jašíková, Darina (referee) ; Fialová, Simona (advisor)
The thesis deals on the theory of partial wetting of a wall, whereby a relation between the velocity of a droplet moving along an inclined plane and time is derived. There are explained basic definitions coherent to the theory of partial wetting. According to divergence of a normal vector of the droplet surface, there is developed a technique for mathematical evaluation of the component of dynamic adhesive force. Within the scope of diploma paper, there was an experimental measurement performed, whereat a velocities of droplets of various volumes and at different inclination angles on four analyzed surfaces were determined. By using non-linear regression, unknown parameters such as the adhesion coefficient, the component of a dynamic adhesive force, initial and terminal velocity of a droplet were evaluated from the experiment results. Within the thesis there was performed a simulation of droplet motion on an inclined plane in ANSYS Fluent. Conclusion includes an assessment and a comparison of results obtained, and new procedures that may be helpful at further research of descending droplet.
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Synthesis of tetrazole derivatives as potential antituberculotics
Němeček, Jan ; Roh, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vávrová, Kateřina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Candidate: Jan Němeček Supervisor: PharmDr. Jaroslav Roh, PhD. Title of diploma thesis: Synthesis of tetrazole derivatives as potential antituberculotics Tuberculosis is a widespread infectious disease; however, no substances were introduced to the clinical practise during the last decade. In this diploma thesis, a series of potential antitubercular substances based on 1-substitued-5-alkyl/arylsulphanyl-1H-tetrazole were prepared. First, we prepared two compounds, 5-[(1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole-5-yl)sulphanylmethyl]-1H- tetrazole and 5-[(1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole-5-yl)sulphanyl]-1H-tetrazole, as the main building blocks, which were further functionalized. 5-[(1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole-5-yl)sulphanyl]-1H-tetrazole was substituted by methyl, propyl and benzyl groups on the terminal tetrazole ring. The same substitutions were performed with 5-[(1- phenyl-1H-tetrazole-5-yl)oxymethyl]-1H-tetrazole, which had already been prepared in our laboratory. Furthermore, we prepared 5-[(2-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-yl)methylsulphanyl]-1-phenyl-1H- tetrazole, 5-[(2-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-yl)sulphanyl]-1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole and 5-[(2-methyl- 1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-yl)methoxy]-1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole from the...
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Parameter Identification for Elastic-plastic Material Models from Experimental Data
Jeník, Ivan ; Šebek, František (referee) ; Kubík, Petr (advisor)
This master's thesis deals with the identification of the material flow curve from record of tensile test of smooth cylindrical specimen. First, necessary theory background is presented. Basic terms of incremental theory of plasticity, tensile test procedure and processing its outputs are described. Furthermore, possibilities of mathematical expression of the elastic-plastic material constitutive law, thus mathematical expression of the material flow curve itself. Mechanism of ductile damage of material is explained briefly as well. Overview of recent methods of the flow curve identification is given, focused on cases, when the stress distribution in a specimen is not uniaxial. That is either kind of analytic correction of basic formulas derived for uniaxial stress state, or application of mathematical optimization techniques combined with numerical simulation of the tensile test. Also unusual method of neural network is mentioned. For 8 given materials, the flow curve identification was performed using different methods. Namely by analytic correction, optimization, sequential identification and neural network. Algorithms of the last two methods were modified. Based on assessment of obtained results, application field and adjusting the parameters of single algorithms was recommended. It showed up, that an effective way to the accurate and credible results is the combination of different methods during flow curve identification procedure.
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Investment in Transmission Mechanism of Inflation Targeting
Kučera, Lukáš ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee) ; Mach, Miloš (referee)
The dissertation thesis is devoted to the topic of investment with emphasis on their position within the transmission mechanism of inflation targeting. It discusses starting-points of inflation targeting regime, individual transmission channels of monetary policy including their connections, and routes through which the central bank may influence the investment. There are analyzed selected investment theories and other theoretical models that are associated with the investment. Factors, whose changes may induce changes in investment, are derived using the intersection of these two analyzed aspects. They are variables, which flow from a theoretical analysis of transmission channels, as well as variables, that are not directly accented within these channels, but they can be affected by the central bank. Even factors, that are not within the competence of the central bank, are included among the variables. Using available data, sources of investment variability are verified on data for the Czech Republic. Basic empirical analysis of time series and correlation analysis are performed and the vector error correction model is compiled.
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Molecular-biological characterization of Potato virus M and Potato leafroll virus
Vaculík, Petr ; Čeřovská, Noemi (advisor) ; Fousek, Jan (referee)
The main aims of diploma thesis were: 1) The sequence analysis of the Czech isolate of Potato virus M (PVM) VIRUBRA 4/009 and phylogenetic analysis of PVM coat proteins sequences 2) The bacterial expression of recombinant triple gene block protein 1 (TGB1) of PVM derived from the Czech isolate VIRUBRA 4/007 3) The construction of expression cassette of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) coat protein and its transformation into A. tumefaciens for transgenic PLRV resistant plant formation In theoretical part of the thesis the taxonomic classification, morphology, genomic structure and virus transmission are discussed. Furthermore, the main rules concerning the bacterial expression of recombinant proteins and construction of transgenic plants using A. tumefaciens are described. Methodical part is devoted to description of generally used molecular biological and immunochemical methods. The following results were obtained in the thesis: The complete nucleotide sequences of open reading frames coding for three movement proteins (Triple gene block -TGB), coat protein and NA-binding protein of PVM isolate VIRUBRA 4/009; phylogenetic analysis was performed; the TGB1 protein was expressed in bacterial cells and will be used for polyclonal antibodies raising. Finally, the expression cassette containing the PLRV...
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