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Interactions of humic hydrogels with cupric ions
Lang, David ; Gregorová, Eva (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with humic acid gels and their ability to bind metallic ions on their surface. In the thesis, there was studied the adsorption of copper ions on the provided gels. The gels were prepared by dissolving the humic acid in sodium hydroxide or sodium tripolyphosphate and then precipitated with hydrochloric acid or metal chlorides. Adsorption was studied at different concentrations of the copper (II) chloride and measured on UV-VIS spectrophotometer. It was proved from measuring that gels made from sodium tripolyphosphate are adsorbing less copper ions than the ones prepared by sodium hydroxide. Also, the copper ions are bound with smaller force on gels prepared with polyphosphate. Gels precipitated with magnesium chloride adsorb much more than gels precipitated with acid, thus in the case of gels sequestered metal ions extracted higher.
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Sorption ability of humic acids
Pokorná, Markéta ; Havelcová, Martina (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
The Diploma thesis deals with humic acids and their ability to adsorb metal ions on their surface. Humic acids are aromatic polycyclic compounds which contain carboxylic and fenolic functional groups on their sidechains. Thanks to these functional groups humic acids can form complexes with metal ions of different stability and assist the partial immobilization of pollutants in the nature. In this thesis, the sorption of Pb2+ and Zn2+ ions on humic acids was studied by relatively new electroanalytic method called galvanostatic stripping chronopotentiometry. Experimental data were described by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The results show that the amount of examined metal ions increases with their increasing concentration. Furthermore it was determined that Pb2+ ions are adsorbed better on humic acids than Zn2+ ions. Both metals are adsorbed better from solution containing only one metal ion than in presence of four metals at the same time (Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb) where the sorption of these metals is not influenced by the presence of other metals.
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Adsorption of natural organic matter (NOM) on granular activated carbon in the treatment of drinking water
Le Duc, Duy ; Mega, Jaroslav (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
In the first part of this thesis the methodic of lab trial was studied, which will be useful for studying adsorption of natural organic matter by activated carbon. As an optimal method of testing adsorption characters jar testing was chosen. Again as an indicator of organic contamination, it was decided to use permanganate chemical oxygen demand (in Czech CHSKMn) will be used. In the second part of this thesis the adsorption characters of eight types of granular activated carbon were studied. Those granular activated carbon came from two world produces, from company NORIT five type of granular activated carbon were tested: NORIT GAC 1020, NORIT PK 1-3, NORIT GAC 1240, NORIT ROW 0.8 SUPRA a TOD NORIT ROX 0.8 and from company Chemviron Carbon three types of granular activated carbon were tested: F100 FE11120A, F400 FE11210A a TL830 FE2028B. Batch kinetic tests of natural organic matter adsorption were conducted with all types of granular activated carbon at first. For description of sorption not only the batch kinetic tests and duration needed for setting equilibrium were observed, but also the process decreasing of concentration of natural organic matters to the value of equilibrium concentration known as adsorption equilibrium was followed.
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PCP sorption of lignite
Šnédarová, Gabriela ; Taraba, Boleslav (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
Within the framework of this diploma thesis, the sorptive capability of a lignite as a natural adsorbent was applied on an aqueous solution of pentachlorophenol. The aqueous solution of this substance, which is very dangerous for the environment, was prepared in various concentration ranges according to reached solubility. The solubility is noticed in different literatures variously and then is not applicable. That is why it was necessary to find out the ”real“ solubility. The aqueous solution of pentachlorophenol of given concentration was subsequently put to adsorption with exactly defined quantity of the lignite and as a result the adsorptive isotherms were obtained. These isotherms represent the adsorption capability in dependence on the adsorption duration, quantity of used lignite and concentration of pentachlorophenol solution. By the adsorption with duration longer than one hour, the quantity of adsorbed PCP does not increase markedly.
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Utilization of flow-through coulometry for study of reactivity of humic acids
Pavlíková, Marcela ; Sýkorová,, Ivana (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
Humic acids are part of humus material abounded in nature. Humic acids are generally aromatic stuffs with sidechains and there can be linked various functional groups as carboxylic and fenolic mainly. This functional groups are able to form transitions elements ions and complexes of different stability. This property can be used in the environment, because certain polutants should be imobilized in nature. Diploma thesis studies adsorption of metal ions Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ on humic acids by electroanalytical method called flow – through coulometry.
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Utilization of waste from the food industry for wastewater treatment
Nedvědická, Lucie ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis disserts about options and issues how to utilize waste from the food industry for wastewater treatment contaminated with heavy metals. The theoretical part describes the general characteristics of heavy metals, as well as the permissible and limit values of these heavy metals in waste water. Furthermore, it is described in this document which chemical methods can be used in order to remove heavy metals from wastewater. This thesis also deals with methods how to analyze the adsorbed amount of sorbed substance, means by using AAS, AFS, AES, MS and ICP – OES methods. At the end of the theoretical part, the issues of the different wastes from the food industry are dealing with and their adsorption ability. In the experimental section it was investigated the tea waste utilization in order to eliminate copper ions from waste water. It has been tested mainly the effect of pH on the adsorption of copper onto tea waste and maximum possible adsorption capacity onto tea waste. The pH optimum for the sorption of cooper from solution onto tea waste was within range 5-6 and the maximum possible adsorption capacity 0,0336 mmol•g-1 was determined. The results indicate that the tea waste could be used as a suitable adsorbent for the purification of waste water, mainly due to good availability, low cost and good adsorption ability of heavy metals.
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Application of activated carbon in flue gas treatment process
Navrátil, Petr ; Niesner, Jakub (referee) ; Jedlička, Filip (advisor)
The objective of this bachelor thesis is to explain the problematic of flue gas treatment from the air pollutants mainly by methods using adsorption on activated carbon. There is an introduction to environmental protection, description of selected chemicals, charcoal and description of technologies to remove pollutants in municipal waste incinerators, and finally mention the possibilities of disposal or reuse of a saturated carbon. And finally selection of appropriate methods and design for a specific application.
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Application of activated carbon in flue gas treatment process
Navrátil, Petr ; Niesner, Jakub (referee) ; Jedlička, Filip (advisor)
The objective of this bachelor thesis is to explain the problematic of flue gas treatment from the air pollutants mainly by methods using adsorption on activated carbon. There is an introduction to environmental protection, description of selected chemicals, charcoal and description of technologies to remove pollutants in municipal waste incinerators, and finally mention the possibilities of disposal or reuse of a saturated carbon. And finally selection of appropriate methods and design for a specific application.
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Reactivity of modified humic gels
Lang, David ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with humic acid gels and their ability to bind metallic ions on their surface. In the thesis the adsorption of copper ions on humic gels was studied. The gels were prepared by dissolving the humic acid in sodium hydroxide or sodium tripolyphosphate and then by precipitating with hydrochloric acid or magnesium chloride. Adsorption was studied at different concentrations of the copper (II) chloride and measured on UV-VIS spectrophotometer. It was proved from measuring that gels made from sodium tripolyphosphate are adsorbing less copper ions than the ones prepared by sodium hydroxide. Also, the copper ions are bound with smaller force on gels prepared with polyphosphate. Gels precipitated with magnesium chloride adsorb much more than gels precipitated with acid, Thus the extracted amounts are bigger.
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