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Voltammetric Determination of Metronidazol at a Polished Silver Solid Amalgam Composite Electrode
Škvorová, Lucie ; Zima, Jiří (referee) ; Barek, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this work was to find out the optimal conditions for voltammetric determination of metronidazole, which is used as an anti-tumor drug. The stability of stock solution of metronidazole in deionized water was monitored using UV-VIS absorption spectrophotometry. Optimum conditions for voltammetric determination of metronidazole at a polished silver solid amalgam composite electrode (p-AgSA-CE) have been investigated. The dependence of voltammetric behavior of metronidazole (1∙10-4 mol/L) on pH of analyzed solution has been investigated using DC voltammetry (DCV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in the pH range 2,1 - 12,1 in aqueous media of Britton- Robinson (BR) buffer. For electrochemically reducible nitro group of metronidazole, the mechanism of voltammetric reduction at p-AgSA-CE was proposed. The optimum medium of aqueous BR buffer pH 4.0 was chosen for measuring the concentration dependences for both voltammetric techniques. The concentration range 2∙10-6 - 1∙10-4 mol/L of metronidazole was measured using DCV and DPV at p-AgSA-CE with reached limits of quantification (LQs) 2∙10-6 mol/L and 4∙10-6 mol/L for DCV and DPV, respectively. For comparison of used voltammetric techniques with supplemental analytical method, the concentration range 2∙10-6 - 1∙10-4 mol/L of metronidazole...
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Determination of propyl gallate on carbon paste electrode
Vysoká, Marie ; Fischer, Jan (referee) ; Zima, Jiří (advisor)
Propyl gallate (PG) is a significant synthetic antioxidant and preservative. Its determination has been studied at carbon paste electrode (CPE) using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED) and with UV spectrometric detection (HPLC-UV). Concentration dependences were measured in the media of Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 5) and methanol (20 %, v/v) by DPV and the limit of detection 0,6110-7 moldm-3 was obtained. Using HPLC with a mobile phase consisting of 0,01 moldm-3 phosphate buffer (pH 4) and methanol (50 %, v/v) with potential of working electrode E = +0,8 V and detection wavelength λ = 280 nm, concentration dependences were measured. Limit of detection was determined to 0,39 moldm-3 for HPLC-ED and 4,95 moldm-3 for HPLC-UV. After verification of the extraction procedure PG was determined in vegetable oil. The resulting value of 3,2 mgkg-1 corresponds with permited limits.
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Characterization of working electrodes of electrochemical sensors modified by carbon nanomaterials
Vančík, Silvester ; Majzlíková, Petra (referee) ; Prášek, Jan (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with electrochemical detection of substances using screen-printed electrochemical sensors. The theoretical part describes thick film technology, sensors, selected parts of electrochemistry, voltammetry and carbon nanomaterials. The practical part includes the modification of standard screen-printed electrode by oxygen plasma and spray-coated carbon nanomaterials and its experimental comparison using cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy. The measured values were processed and evaluated numerically and graphically. In comparison with standard working electrode, the current responses of both electrodes were improved significantly.
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Using Voltammetric Method for Monitoring of Antioxidant Content in Biofuels
Tomášková, M. ; Chýlková, J. ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Šelešovská, R.
The simple and fast method for analysis of Propyl gallate (PG) in biofuels was proposed in this paper. Voltammograms of antioxidant under study were recorded using linear sweep voltammetry method at a gold disc electrode in supporting electrolyte containing 0.18 mol L-1 H2SO4 and 10 % ethanol. For purposes to monitor effects on fuel quality caused by oxidative degradation, the proposed method was applied to samples of biodiesel and Ekodiesel® (the blend of biodiesel with fuel diesel). The analysis of PG can be performed without pretreatment of Ekodiesel samples, and after extraction using distilled water in case of biodiesel samples.
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Study of 2-Nitrofluorene Interaction with DNA at a Glassy Carbon Electrode
Skalová, Štěpánka ; Stávková, K. ; Vyskočil, V. ; Barek, J.
2-Nitrofluorene (2-NF) is a nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (NPAH) which occurs as the environmental pollutant. It is a potential carcinogen and mutagen. Interaction of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with 2-NF was monitored using an electrochemical DNA biosensor prepared from a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and low-molecular-weight DNA by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and square-wave voltammetry (SWV).\nThere were no damaging interactions observed between DNA and 2-NF using EIS. However, CV shows intercalation of this substance into the DNA structure to form the complex 2-NF–DNA. Intercalation was also observed by SWV, confirming intercalation to reduce the number of electroactive sites and thus reducing the peak heights of adenosine and guanosine.
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Electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid detection
Hlavička, Michal ; Kynclová, Hana (referee) ; Majzlíková, Petra (advisor)
This work deals with electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid using screen-printed three-electrode sensors. The work is divided into three parts, where the first describes the theory of thick-film technology, including the types and compositions of the pastes, fabrication and firing. The second part deals with the methods, measurement principles and the electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid. Experiments were done using screen-printed carbon electrodes in a solution of phosphate buffer and ascorbic acid. In conclusion the results are evaluated.
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Nonplatinum catalysts for polymer exchange membrane fuel cells
Talába, Michal ; Chladil, Ladislav (referee) ; Novák, Vítězslav (advisor)
This work brings a study about non-platinum catalysts, alkaline membranes and methods that interprets catalytic activity. Work deals with a research on non-platinum catalysts based on MnO2 with addition of support substances, measuring of their properties using cyclic voltammetry and hydrodynamics theory. Also a fuel cell measurement of catalytic materials on PVA membrane is executed. The outcome of this work is evaluation of voltammetry and fuel cell measurements. The results of all methods are compared too.
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Spray-coated working electrodes of electrochemical sensors
Lechner, Filip ; Majzlíková, Petra (referee) ; Prášek, Jan (advisor)
This thesis is about the selection of the better type of thick film working electrode for the detection of substances in aqueous solutions, modified by spray coated carbon nanotubes. The theoretical part of this thesis describes the technology of thick film, properties and production of carbon nanotubes, introduction to electrochemistry and electroanalytical methods for the detection of substances in aqueous solutions. The practical part is aimed to realization of the working electrodes by thick film technology and their modification by spray-coated layer consist of carbon nanotubes. Electrodes are characterized using voltammetric methods, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electron microscopy. In conclusions is selected the most suitable type of working electrodes for reproducible electrochemical analysis.
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