|
|
Heterodox Masters of Liberal Arts and Their Discussions with Thomas Aquinas
Severa, Miroslav ; Sousedík, Stanislav (advisor) ; Heider, Daniel (referee) ; Nejeschleba, Tomáš (referee)
Heterodox master of liberal arts and theirs discussions with Thomas Aquinas Mgr. Miroslav Severa Summary: The proposed thesis deals with two important issues discussed by Tomas Aquinas in connection with the averroistic controversy that occurred in the second half of the thirteenth century in Paris. The topics are On the eternity of the world and On the unity of intellect. Its author defends the position that concerning the problem On the eternity of the Word is the solution proposed by Thomas Aquinas closer to the position of heterodox masters of liberal arts then to the attitude of some orthodox theologians. The heterodox teaching On the unity of intellect is by Thomas sufficiently disproven. The doctrine of Thomas Aquinas doesn't need to always constitute an irreconcilable antithesis against the attitude of heterodox masters as it is described by some authors. The thesis also deals the two topics on the historical background of the condemnations issued by the Parisian bishop Stephan Tempier in the years 1270 and 1277. Although the heterodox masters of liberal arts are in their philosophizing strongly influenced by the Arab philosopher Averroes theirs position concerning the relationship between fides and ratio is different. Averroes says that when the conflict between reason and revelation occurs than...
|
|
|
Suárez's Proof of the Existence of God
Pavlorek, David ; Novák, Lukáš (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
of the Paper The goal of submitted paper is to show Suárez's proof of the existence of God as the main task of his metaphysics and to show the influence of St. Thomas Aquinas and John Duns Scotus on his own system of metaphysics. As will be shown, the importance of this preeminent thinker of so called second scholasticism is in his synthesis of relatively incompatible doctrines of thomism and scotism. This paper will therefore deal with main problems of precedening tradition of Aristotelian metaphysics, especially with analogy of being as applied to God and creatures, then with theory of causality and other connected questions. Keywords Suárez - Thomas Aquinas - Duns Scotus - metaphysics - proof of existence of God
|
|
|
Objective and Subjective Cognition of Beauty in the Writings of St. Thomas Aquinas.
FLEISCHMANN, Dan
This thesis deals with the objective and subjective cognition of beauty by a scholastic philosopher Thomas Aquinas. The initial chapters provide historical sources and a source of St. Thomas´s beauty, because beauty was not the main topic of theology and philosophy in the Middle Ages. From the definition of beauty, we know that beauty belongs to the cognitive power, thus next chapters present the activity of the senses and reason, by which we recognize beauty. (Pulchrum autem respicit vim cognoscitivam). This cognitive power results in the objective characteristics of beauty, ie.: a) integrity; b) proportion; c) clarity.) The penultimate chapter justifies the importance of knowledge of objective and subjective beauty, from which it follows in us enjoyment (delectatio et amor). If there is a reason to evaluate the knowledge and principles relating to the beauty, there is a necessary overlap present knowledge such as science. The final chapter addresses the interesting question of modern science - aesthetics: "Whether beauty, as written by Thomas Aquinas, is a specific distinct transcendental or only implicit transcendental initiated by the philosophers of the 20th century?" The thesis tries to show the importance of studying medieval philosophy in shaping topics such as beauty and art.
|
|
|
Aquinas on passions and contemporary view of emotion
KILBERGR, Pavel
In the first part, this thesis deals with description of concept of passions in Summa theologica from Thomas Aquinas. Further in two subsequent parts, the concept of passions is compared with attitudes to emotions within psychological discourse. Firstly, there is being described a manner of men´s cognitive abilities in the thesis and also there is being separated rational from sensory cognition which evokes in fact the reaction, to wit: passions. These are divided into two parts according to Aquinas. The first part contains concupiscible passions which rise in a direct response to a stimulus leading to achieving success. The second part called irascible has its aim in surmounting problems and difficulties. Secondly, the thesis describes theories of emotions and sorts them according to psychological attitudes. Finally, the theories of emotions are compared to the concept of emotions by Aquinas in the final part and consequently the congruence is being sought.
|
|
|
Classic theories as sources of natural law
KOHOUT, Petr
This thesis is engaged in the theme of natural law, especially in sources of natural law - in theories, which are labelled as "classic". The thesis focuses on these theories (Aristotle, stoicism, Thomas Aquinas) and their common points, which are proper to these theories. That is the object of this thesis. These points present the essence of natural law. The first part explains problem of the term "natural law". The second part deals with the classic theories. The third chapter summarises findings of the second part. The fourth part is devoted to the similarity between the classic theories and the modern (enlightenment) theories. This chapter is devoted to the connection between natural law and positive law too.
|
|
|
The virtue of love by Thomas Aquinas
NEUBAUEROVÁ, Kristýna
The work focuses on the virtue of love by Thomas Aquinas. It mainly deals with the principles of love in the philosophy of T. Aquinas, but also with themes that with concept of love directly related - such as the general conception of virtue, goodness, happiness or sins against love. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is an introduction to the work of T. Aquinas. The second chapter deals with the basic characteristic of the concept of virtue and differentiation of natural and supernatural virtues. The next chapter deals with the concept of love itself. In this chapter there are the basic definitions and differentiation types of love. Another chapter is devoted to one of the question in Summa Theologica - About love itself which is perceived like basic question of the concept virtue of love by T. Aquinas. The fifth chapter deals with sins against love, which are seens as contravene to the love. Another sixth chapter focuses on whether love can be increased or decreased. The last chapter is devoted to the love from the today perspective.
|
|
|
The theory of common nature of Thomas Aqvinas in the treatise De ente et essentia
BUZKOVÁ, Markéta
The work deals with theory of common nature and universals of Aquinas in the treatise De ente et essentia. In first part is defined conceptual foundation based on Aristotelian and Avicennian concepts of essence and existence. Avicenna defines two ways how can be essence considered. First it is absolute consideration of the essence and second the essence considered as it has being. Thomas Aquinas develops his notion of essence in a quite noticeable Avicennian framework. In the second part are presented the theory of common nature by St. Thomas. The theory is based on the essence considered as it has being, we can found it in rational soul.
|
|
|
The Thomas commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics
MOUČKOVÁ, Pavlína
The thesis focuses on Aristotelian-Thomist ethics system. In mainly deals with the differences in concept of beatitude, good and related issues, like the science of virtues. The emphasis is placed on understanding and covering the differences in aproach of St. Thomas Aquinas and Aristotele to these ethical topics. Firs the thesis characterises the main issue in Nicomachean Ethics, then outlines the thoughts and ideas of St. Thomas Aquinas in his Commentary, with emphasis on its diference from Aristoteles teachings. First three chapters are therefore the more descriptive part of the thesis, which is based on both primary and secondary textual sources. The fourth chapter is, then, the crucial, practical part, that summarizes St. Thomas theses and ideas concerning beatitude, good and happiness, coming from his unrivaled Commentary on the Ethics.
|
|
|
The Natural Law Conception - its potentiality and limitations
HOSKOVEC, Michal
This diploma thesis deals with the Thomas Aquinas´s Conception of Natural Law. The fundamental content of thesis is the Czech translation and critical Commentaries of English written articles. Thesis is divided into three parts. There is a theoretical foundation for Natural Law Conception and Thomas Aquinas themes in the first part, the Critical Commentaries of translated articles in the second part and the translated articles in the third part of diploma thesis. Translated articles are the philosophy studies of Natural Law and its relation to the Lawmaking, the Logic of Ethical Discourse and the Human Rights. There are copies of original English written articles as diploma thesis attachments.
|
|
|
The Thomas Document Disputed Questions on the Soul
MOUČKOVÁ, Pavlína
The work deals medieval philosopher Thomas Aquinas. First, it shows general survey of Thomas{\crq}s life and outlines his philosophical work, mostly than thoughts, which concern his conception of soul. First two chapters are consequently more or less historical part. The work is also completed with translation of Latin text of the document Quaestiones disputatiae De anima. Following text in next chapters is more systematic. Last chapter is completed with interpretation and summary of this text, later than with comparison with parallel texts. Thomas{\crq}s thoughts and arguments in these texts are interpreted by different methods, but Thomas mostly comes to the same conclusion. Polemic tractate About Unity of intellect against the Averroists is his reaction to the document of Siger of Brabant, the others are mostly commentaries or records from lectures led on the ground of university.
|
guest ::
