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The Observance of Dietary Precautions in Clients with Type 1. Diabetes Mellitus
KOVANDOVÁ, Klára
This work for bachelor´s degree is focussed to clients with Diabet mellit (1st type) and their abiding diet arrangements. Diabettes mellitus (1st type) is chronic autoimmune disease. It is caused by selective destruction of betta- cells of Langerhan´s islets, which cause to absolute absence of insulin in human organism. It was introduced that diabettes mellitus (1st type) is disease mainly of children or young adults in the past. But according to new results it is the same frequent disease with people, who are about 40 years oldand even with people, who are about 70 years old (it is mostly less drastic than with young people). The base of cure is therapeutic nutrition, which is always bonded with use of insulin. Diotherapy is one of the most important part of case of daibet (1st type). During last time axions of diotherapy are very changed. The accent is still emphasize to quality of selected food, correct amount of food, diet periodicity and diet frequencies. Every diabetic should have his own, individual diet plan, which includes scheduling of replaceable units for all day. Thanks to diet plan the diabet can know, how many replaceable units are in all food, which will be eaten during the day. Adequate gain of drink is very important for diabetics too. Abidance of drinks will not cure the patient, but it will help him with improvement of bodily weight. If patients want to have successful care, he must be very accountable. Diabetic needs patient and educated courier, if he wants successful care. For example- there is a diabetes nurse in foreign countries. Regime of czech public health doesn´t have it. The aim of this work is detecting og abiding of diet action with diabetics, who have mellit (1st type) and they go to the diabet consulting rooms. The aim of the work is answering for questions: What is form of information about dietary action of diabetics (1st type) for patients? What was the role of nurse during client´s education about dietary action? What is form of abidance about client´s dietary action? Explorational part of the work was machined like a qualitative research and its beasic technic was used unstandardized interview. The interview was accorded by six respondents- diabetics ( who have mellit, 1st type). Information from interviews were machined to individual casuistries. The same of the work was accomplished and explorational questions were answered. Thanks to this research we could see, the life with diabetic can be identically long, happy and full of experiences like life without him. Diabetes is disease for all life. It achieves to change life of healthy person- absolutely. And because of it, it is important diabetics reconcile with it and be happy, even with this disease. The prevention is also very important. These patients need a lot of motivation, energy and they need someone, who give them a lot of theoretic findings. The special team for diabetics exists because of it. Sometimes, there is only nurse with patient during the cure. Sometimes there is a doctor. But when they (nurse, doctor, patient) are together, it is the most important part of the cure. Results from explorational research are beneficial for diabetes nurses, who work in diabetes clinic. There was made an information brochure thenks to these results. This brochure can be used by nurses, but by diabetics too. This brochure can be useful to acquiring of information for students who study sanitary industry at university.
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High-fast electrophoretic determinations of clinically important compounds in body fluids.
Málková, Klára ; Kvasnicová, Vladimíra (referee) ; Bosáková, Zuzana (advisor)
A capillary electrophoretic procedure employing contactless conductivity detection (C4 D) has been developed for direct determination of the glycerol and mannitol polyalcohols in biological and pharmacological samples. Both glycerol and mannitol are fully separated from the sample matrix within very short times of 3.0 and 3.9 min., respectively, when using the optimized background electrolyte, 60 mM H3BO3 + 30 mM LiOH (pH 9.1). The limits of detection amount to 0.5 µM for glycerol and 0.3 µM for mannitol. The repeatability of the glycerol determination in real biological materials is characterized by the coefficient of variation values, 0.5 % and 3.2 %, for the migration time and the peak area, respectively. The procedure has been used to monitor the free glycerol concentration in adipose tissue microdialyzates. A physiological study has demonstrated that the lipolysis occurring during a sporting action can be stimulated by local application of adrenaline. The procedure has further been utilized to determine mannitol in a pharmacological preparation.
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Origins of vertebrate hematiopoiesis
Svoboda, Ondřej ; Bartůněk, Petr (advisor) ; Divoký, Vladimír (referee) ; Živný, Jan (referee)
(ENGLISH) Hematopoiesis is dependent on the actions of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This process is tightly controlled through a complex array of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Even though the hematopoiesis seems to be well conserved across the disparate vertebrate animals, erythroid and thrombocytic differentiation have changed during the evolution of mammals. Specifically, adult mammalian red blood cells have the unique feature of being enucleated, and mammalian thrombocytes are not individual cells, but fragments of megakaryocytes, instead. It is likely that these enhancements provided a survival advantage to early mammalian species; however, they also bring up the question of evolutionary origin of these cells that studied using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. First, it was necessary to generate a toolbox of a recombinant cytokines and optimized culture media that allowed us to manipulate zebrafish hematopoietic cells ex vivo in liquid and clonal cultures. Interestingly, teleost species underwent an extra duplication event during their evolution and as a result, two copies (paralogs) of some of the genes are present in zebrafish. This was also the case for majority of the cytokines from our toolbox and here, we provide functional characterization of these paralogs. Strikingly, our results...
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Studying of atorvastatin effects on atherogenesis in apoE-/-/LDLR-/- double knock-out mouse model of atherosclerosis II.
Zajíčková, Jana ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Štaud, František (referee)
Atherosclerosis is a degenerative disease of blood-vessel wall, which attacks all population. It is very widespreaded and nowadays it is also one of the most frequent causes of death in the all economically advanced countries. In recent years the extensive research of atherosclerosis have brought a number of new pieces of knowledges, which have contributed to understanding of actions that happen during the process of atherogenesis. ApoE/LDL - receptor double knockout mice represent an animal model for study of atherogenesis, which is able to evolve severe hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis. Statins are currently the most considerable and the most useful hypolipidemic drugs. They significantly decrease levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and also decrease mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the diploma thesis was to find out and describe the expression of SMAD 2/3 in atherosclerotic plaques in apoE/LDL-receptor deficient mice and to study possible atorvastatin effects on its expression. The female mice at the age of eight weeks were used in the study. Animals were divided �into� two �groups. The �control� group �of �animals� was fed with the western type diet.����same atherogenic diet was�used in��atorvastatin group,�where�atorvastatin�was�added to the...
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Nurse task when using invasive methods by chronic pain treatmet
VOJTOVÁ, Marie
The thesis is focused on a research and the evaluation of the nurse role during the invasive methods in chronic pain treatment and on a research the patient satisfaction and expectation with the nurses approach during the invasive methods in chronic pain treatment. The basis for the thesis processing is qualitative ? quantitative research carried out in the departments of pain treatment in four hospitals, in University Hospital Motol, University Hospital Brno, Hospital České Budějovice a.s., University Hospital PlzeňAlejSvobody. Qualitative research focuses on nurses working in the department of pain treatment using a method of questioning with the technique of non-standardized interview. Within qualitative research, we was looking for the answer to the research question: What is the nurse role during the invasive technique in chronic pain treatment? It was found, from the results of the interviews and their analysis, that nurses have within the invasive performance wide field of action and their role is changing in various stages of the entire performance. In all phases of the invasive performance, it´s essential the communication between the nurse and the patient. In the phase before the invasive performance and afterwards is the most dominated the educational role, except for the nursing role. Quantitative research using the questionnaire was intended for patients in the departments of pain treatment. The following predetermined hypothesis were verified using quantitative research: H1: Patients are satisfied with the nurses approach during the invasive techniques in pain treatment. H2: Patients with chronic pain during the invasive methods are expecting especially the empathetic approach from nurses. Evaluation of the questionnaires, which were voluntarily completed by patients, can be ended that both given hypothesis H1 and H2 have been confirmed and that the targets of qualitative researches have been met. The space for improvement can be found in the patient education before the invasive performance. Therefore We created educational material for patients. This educational material is not intended to replace the education conducted by nurses, it rather serves as a basis for the questions preparation that the patient will want to clarify before the invasive performance.
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Analysis of parallel regulatory action of emission trading system, environmental related taxation and charges
Pavlásková, Šárka ; Jílková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Slavíková, Lenka (referee)
The graduation theses is focused on problems of reduction of emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which are contributing to acceleration of climate change. From 2005 the EU ETS cames into force, but many economics subjects, which yield to this system of regulation, have to pay environmental taxes as well, because individual member states have adopted own approaches to the problem of abatement emission. Economic subject then face to double burden and that is why they complains. Double steering and double burden should be avoided by reducing and removing the existing CO2 taxation schemes, because it brings inefficiency - like very high cots of abatement emission.
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Climate change problems in the context of Czech foreign policy
Svatoňová, Jana ; Chlapcová, Ivana (advisor) ; Lisa, Aleš (referee)
The theoretical part of the diploma thesis concerns the definition of the climate change problems and the history of their reflection in the international politics. The second chapter analyses attitudes and positions of Czech political representation as a reaction on internationally important documents, attitudes and negotiations. The third and fourth chapter discuss the basic drivers that have impacts on Czech domestic political discussion on the field of climate change and its consequences on the international scene. These are analyzed on the level of three main political subjects: the Government reflects the matter in a general context, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs reacts on it mostly on the conceptual level in connection with other foreign policy matters, and the Ministry of Environment takes most responsibility as a crucial organization, which works on documents and concrete actions. The thesis also contains an analysis of further domestic subjects (organizations or individuals) that influence the discussion about climate change. The aim of the thesis is to analyze attitudes of Czech political representation on the field of climate change problems, and to analyze specifically the question, whether the attitudes are determined by a passive approach (in the sense of automatic acceptance of international obligations) or by an active approach, when the Czech republic itself has a need to reflect the problems from the normative point of view.
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Chelating polymers for the therapy of Wilson's disease
Mattová, Jana ; Poučková, Pavla (advisor) ; Sedláková, Zdeňka (referee) ; Vávrová, Jiřina (referee)
Wilson's disease is a hereditary disorder of copper metabolism, which causes copper accumulation in organism, especially in the liver, kidneys and brain. Current treatment is based on using low-molecular weight copper chelators and high doses of zinc salts. Unfortunately, they can induce some severe side effects due to systemic action. The aim of this thesis is to improve the treatment of Wilson's disease by using of polymeric drug delivery systems. The size of polymer particles in tens of microns should provide non-resorbability of the drug after oral administration. Synthetic microparticles of poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co- ethylene dimethacrylate), natural microcrystalline cellulose and cross-linked chitosan were used as polymer matrices. N,N-di(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, triethylenetetraamine and 8-hydroxyquinoline were selected as specific copper chelators, which can complex copper cations with high efficiency. The principle of the proposed treatment is that the polymeric carrier-bound chelator complex copper directly from the food in digestive tract of the organism. Because of non-resorbability, the entire complex should be eliminated from the body together with stools. This virtually eliminates systemic side effects. The ability of adsorption of copper and the stability of polymer complex under...
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Chemical Wet Synthesis and Characterization of Copper-Silver Nanoparticles
Zobač, O. ; Sopoušek, J. ; Vykoukal, V. ; Buršík, Jiří ; Roupcová, Pavla
AgCu nanoparticles (NPs) of near-eutectic composition were prepared by various route of wet synthesis. Nanoparticles suspended in nonpolar solvents were synthesized by solvothermal synthesis from metalloorganic precursors. AgCu colloids in aqueous solution were obtained by the hydride reduction of Ag and Cu nitrates under action of different stabilization agents. Chemical characterizations of as-synthesized AgCu NPs were done using inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The optical properties of nanoparticles were monitored using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The size of colloid nanoparticles were measured by both dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method in some extra cases.
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