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Changes in Bone and Mineral Metabolism and the Role of Vitamin D in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Matějek, Tomáš ; Skálová, Sylva (advisor) ; Šumník, Zdeněk (referee) ; Kutílek, Štěpán (referee)
Changes in bone and mineral metabolism and the role of vitamin D in very low birth weight infants. Firstly, the aim of dissertation work was to estimate physiological parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and their relationship with bone metabolism parameters in otherwise healthy preterm newborns with birth weight 1000-1500 g. Secondly, to evaluate vitamin D status in mothers and their very low birth weight infants (VLBW) at birth and at discharge with currently recommended supplementation of vitamin D. Thirdly, to compare clinical outcomes of VLBW infants with 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels ≤ and > 25 nmol/l in umbilical cord blood and finally to evaluate umbilical cord vitamin D as a risk factor for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. It is a set of prospective observational studies involving immature newborns with birth weight below 1500 g. The parameters of mineral and bone metabolism were analysed in umbilical cord blood and newborn serum and urine during hospitalisation (PTH, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, S-Ca, S-P, ALP, U-Ca, U-P) and in pregnant women before delivery (25-hydroxy vitamin D). Bone mineralization was evaluated by bone densitometry. In a pilot study, from the total 134 examined serum samples for PTH levels the estimated reference range was 1.6 - 9.3 pmol/l. From the...
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Serum concentration of vitamin D in patients with femoral neck fracture
Matoušková, Karolína ; Wenchich, László (advisor) ; Zikán, Vít (referee)
Vitamin D significantly affects metabolism of the bone tissue. It keeps homeostasis of calcium and phosphor and thus contributes to healthier mineralization of bones. Lack of those substances pertains to risk factors for development of osteoporosis and subsequent complications during possible downfalls and fractures. The role of vitamin D in bone disease has been increasing in recent years, but its importance in the early post-fracture period is not yet fully understood. This thesis is a prospective study of metabolism of vitamin D and its metabolites in post-operative stage of patients with femoral neck fractures. It is a basic quantitative research, where received data are analysed. Blood samples obtained from a total of 18 patients, whose blood was taken on the day of surgery and 6 weeks after surgery (± 1 week), were used as material. Resulted values of 25-OH vitamin D increased from 23,02 ± 16,02 nmol/l to 25,75 ± 16,30 nmol/l (diameter ± standard deviation). In contrast, 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D decreased from 76,81 ± 41,84 pmol/l to 55,88 ± 26,34 pmol/l. Statistically significant results at a significance level of p≤0,05 were only observed for parathyroid hormone (PTH), with values decreasing from 6,31 ± 3,95 pmol/l to 3,96 ± 2,25 pmol/l. Vitamin D examinations in our patients showed reduced...
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Nutrition in strength sports with a focus on protein intake
Krčová, Daniela ; Chytilová, Eva (advisor) ; Krupičková, Zdislava (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of protein intake in fitness strength sports. Proteins are one of the most important nutrient for strength athletes because muscle mas is made up of about 20% of proteins. Because of athlete's desire for a well-balanced muscular body, they attach proteins a major role and often overstate their significance. Bodybuilding and other strength sports are often associated with extreme protein intake, which can lead to negative health effects (deficiency of some minerals, kidney load, digestive troubles, etc.). The aim of this thesis is to evaluate whether power athletes receive excess, optimum intake or lack of protein according to the current recommendations for sports nutrition. A record sheet for diet intake was used to collect the data. The protein intake of power athletes was calculated in the Nutriservis program and compared with the recommendation according to number of training lessons and the target of the athletes (fat reduction, weight maintenance or muscle growth). The diet of power athletes was also critically evaluated. The results were evaluated by relevant text commentaries and summarized using a graph. The result is that 45% of strength athletes consume excess protein and their intake is higher than 2.0 g protein/kg/day. However, it was also found...
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The influence of nitric oxide on the health and performance of humans
Beránková, Aneta ; Chrástková, Martina (advisor) ; Polášková, Marcela (referee)
Title: The influence of nitric oxide on the health and performance Purposes: Create a review about the source of nitric oxide and it influences on man health and human performance. Methods: Review study without any research. It is, therefore, a narrative (qualitative) review of relevant information from which conclusions are drawn without any quantitative manipulation or analysis. Results: Nitrate supplements can really be recommended to athletes as a suitable, allowed way to improve performance. However, in order to avoid unnecessary health problems, it is necessary to keep safe dosing or use purely natural substances. Key words: Nitric oxide, supplementation, sports performance, health, dietary
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Vitamin preparations during pregnancy
Matoušková, Karolína ; Ježková, Jana (advisor) ; Vítková, Hana (referee)
This thesis discusses problems of pregnancy and increased nutrient requirements with a focus on vitamins and minerals. It is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The aim is to identify those vitamins and minerals that may be deficient during pregnancy and thus their intake should be increased. The theoretical part describes the importance of particular elements for the specifics of pregnancy and possible symptoms of deficiency or excess, with the pregnancy orientation. The practical part focuses on the evaluation of selected multivitamin and multi mineral supplements which are intended for pregnant women. The main criterion is to ensure sufficient amounts of vitamins and minerals during the increased demands of pregnancy. Evaluation is done by comparing two parameters - the recommended daily dose for pregnant women and the amount of micronutrients contained in the composition of given products. Content analysis was used as the data collection technique for the basic quantitative research. Finally, it discusses the usefulness of the administration of vitamin supplements during pregnancy, and whether a balanced diet is sufficient enough to meet the needs of the organism even in states where there may be some lack of vitamins and minerals. Key words: pregnancy ; nutrition ; vitamins ;...
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The influence of carnosine and hydroxymethylbutyrate on sports performance in the world literature.
Schöppelová, Lucie ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Haluzíková, Denisa (referee)
Title The influence of carnosine and hydroxymethylbutyrate on sport's performance in the world literature The aim of the work The aim of this bachelor thesis is to clarify influence of carnosine and hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) on sport's performance in the world literature. Methodology Presented thesis is mainly a literature review of the above topic. The data collection was done by meta-analysis of reliable quantitative and qualitative journals and studies where Carnosine and HMB in sports are concerned. Electronic databases PubMed and EBSCO were the main sources of the research. Results Meta-analysis shows, that β-alanine supplementation influences concentrations of muscle carnosine, but it rather not shows its influence on better sport's performance caused by higher level of muscle carnosine. Hence, it is necessary to conduct a few more studies to clarify influence of carnosine supplementation on sport's performance. Furthermore, the thesis proves that supplementation of HMB together with intensive training program has an efficient impact on the sport performance and that HMB protects muscles damage due to severe training.
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The characteritics of precontest diet in body building and fitness man
Juřík, Roman ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Česák, Petr (referee)
Title: The characteristics of precontest diet in bodybuilding and fitness men Goals: The aim of this thesis is to verify the latest information by non-fiction literature and scientific studies and to give as objective information and procedures about the methods of nutrition, supplementation and drinking regime in preparation for bodybuilding and fitness competitions as possible. Background: The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the issue of bodybuilding and fitness, both specific and general principles of nutrition, supplementation and drinking regime for adult males. The thesis clarifies particular patterns on this issue. These are e. g. the specifics of the pre-competitive diet, the intake of macro and micronutrients, the right choice of nutritional supplements to prevent muscle loss, the regeneration support, the fat reduction, the carbohydrates looping, the fluid intake. The next part of this thesis clarifies the current state of research, which is associated with this issue thanks to specialized books, periodicals and scientific articles. This literature search brings up to date view of the issue mainly from the view of current literature. Key Words: Competition, diet, fat-burning, bodybuilding and fitness, nutrition, supplementation
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Success of reintroduction and supplementation programmes and behavioural changes in captive birds and primates.
Janovcová, Markéta ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Kůs, Evžen (referee)
The aims of this study are to: 1) review and evaluate the data available in scientific literature about reintroduction and supplementation programmes in birds and primates. The success of founder population reintroduction into the nature was assessed by its population size, survival rate and other life history traits. The breeding in captivity vs. using wild-caught animals for reintroduction and breeding conditions (longevity of captivity) would be checked. Breeding in enclosure versus semi-captive conditions was also checked. 2) mainly, assess behavioural and morphological changes of populations in relation with captive breeding in relation to success of reintroduction. 3) Map the geographic distribution of reintroduction programmes of particular higher taxa and evaluate the IUCN species status of animals used for conservation programmes.
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Blood values of sheep at a defined intake of selenium and iodine
KOCÁBOVÁ, Ivana
The theoretical part is concerned with the functional application of selenium and iodine supplementation methods, risks disproportionate to their income, including changes in biochemical and hematological parameters and evaluation methods of adequate saturation. The practical part analyzes the results of experiments on sheep with a defined content of selenium and iodine in the ration evaluation of selected indicators of the metabolic profile of ewes and their lambs. The results are processed statistically. It reflected the dynamics and interactions of monitored parameters.
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