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The Technology of Artificial Floating Islands to Improve Reservoir Water Quality
Mrkývka, Michal ; Sládek, Roman (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
This master thesis deals technology of floating islands and their application in practice. In the first theoretical part describes detail of physical and chemical properties of water, the cycle of substances in water and the distribution of standing water, which are considered the most suitable interest sites for the application and instalation of floating systems. The sekond part describes the measurement metodology, which was carried out in several stages on the research land of the Institute of Landscape Water Management. The measuremenr was focused on monitoring the quality characteristics of water in free artificial tanks (lysimeters). The first tank was with floating island, the sekond with floating rack without plants and the third tank with free surface (to ensure the simulation of the natural state). The measurement was under way in the calendar year 2017 and was divided into free stages (spring, summer, winter). During this period were monitored COD, total phosphorus, nitric and amoniacal nitrogen and dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, water and air temperature and aggregate rainfall. Part of the master thesis is graphical and tabular evaluation of the results. The results are processed in the Minitab 16 statistical software, graphical representation is supplemented by the interlaced linear and cubic regression curves for easier search for the dependence of selected factors. The stages are compared at the end of the master thesis. At hhe end of summer 2017, the first application of the floating island according to utility model No. 31 169 was carried out within the Czech Republic on selected water reservoir in the Bílý Potok basin (Polička).
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Pollution produced carp general, depending on the fullness of the digestive tract.
HAVLÍNOVÁ, Šárka
The aim of my bachelor thesis was to determine and compare the differences in the levels of pollution produced by fish through their metabolic activities depending on the fullness of their digestive tract. The pollution production was detected in 4 groups of fry of the common carp: 1) the fish had no access to food for 2 days before the beginning of the experiment; 2) the fish did not eat for 10 days before the beginning of the experiment; 3) the fish had a limited food intake (pellets KP1) before the beginning of the experiment; 4) the fish accepted spontaneously feed (2% by weight of the stock). The experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions. In the beginning of the experiment, the fish of individual groups and known weight were placed in experimental aquariums filled with 20 l of tap water. The experiments took 24 hours and after that the fish were moved back into its origin tank. Water from the experimental aquariums was filtered through a screen with 40 micrometr mesh size. Both, filtered water ("aqueous phase excrements") and solids ("solid phase excrements") were analysed. Solids were analysed for a content of dry matter, total phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Filtered water was analysed for a concentration of suspended solids, total nitrogen, total ammonia, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand (CODMn, and CODCr) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). Aqueous phase excrements was filtered again through a glass filter (1.2 micrometr) and the filtrate was analysed for concentration of ammonia nitrogen [N (NH3 + NH4+)], nitrate nitrogen [N-NO3-] and orthophosphate phosphorus [P-PO43-]. Pollution detected in solids and in filtered water was related to 1 kg of live weight of fish per day. The parameters characterizing pollution excreted by fish achieved in the 4th group i.e. fish, which accepted spontaneously feed the highest values. The fish of this group secreted on average of 4,154 mg.kg-1.day-1 of suspended solids (particles 1.2 micrometr), 105,5 mg.kg-1.day-1 of total phosphorus and 1,342 mg.kg-1.day-1 of total nitrogen. In the aqueous phase excrements, there was detected on average of 637 mg.kg-1.day-1 of ammonia nitrogen 4.9 mg.kg-1.day-1 of phosphate phosphorus.4,561 mg.kg-1.day-1 of CODCr, 2,634 mg.kg-1.day- 1 of BOD5. The values detected in the other groups were times lower.
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Fracture Toughness of Composite with Al-matrix and Carbon Fibres
Michalička, Jan ; Klement, Josef (referee) ; Molliková, Eva (advisor)
Abstract The objective of this study was a values evaluation of fracture toughness of fiber-metal laminates (FML) compounded from carbon fibers in epoxy matrix and aluminium plates of lay-up 6/5. Samples with unidirectional and bidirectional orientation were tested experimentally. In the case of unidirectionally oriented samples an effect of moisture absorption to epoxy matrix on the values of fracture toughness was reviewed. A fracture toughness calculation was realized by COD method firstly. A bigger pop-ins in F – COD diagram as critical moments for "delta"c evaluation were considered; it was determined by 5% tangential line. It was found out, that results of this measurement weren’t in agreement with plane deformation condition and for this the results couldn’t be rated as fracture toughness "delta"Ic. A method of J integral for fracture toughness evaluation was used consequently. A test of elastic compliance changes before J integral calculation by all of samples was performed. Beginning of stable grow of crack was determined by this method. A critical forces Fc from beginnings were established, which were used for calculation of Jc. A functional dependence of elastic compliance on crack opening had specific waved shape before its linear (up to exponential) grow. It was observed in all cases. The critical forces Fc from the end of “wave” preceding the continual grow of compliance were determined. Equations stated in standards for J integral calculation were used, which are for metal materials normally used. Despite this was found out all of results of Jc were in good agreement with plane deformation condition and could be rated as fracture toughness JIc. In this study were found out these pieces of knowledge about fracture toughness of FML CARE: Unidirectional CARE had fracture toughness JIc about 76 kJ/m^2 and the same type but with bigger amount of absorbed moisture had JIc about 4 % higher. In this case negative moisture influences on CARE weren’t found. Bidirectional CARE had fracture toughness JIc about 31 kJ/m^2; it was about 65 % less then in the case of unidirectional CARE
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Modelling of the biochemical processes in the constructed treatment wetlands
Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava ; Hyánková, Eva (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
This master's thesis deals with the modeling of biochemical processes in saturated vertical filter (which is often part of constructed treatment wetland) using software HYDRUS 2D and the module Constructed Wetland CW2D. The introductory part of this thesis is the literature research of expertise that are introduce with the theme constructed treatment wetlands and should also provide a basic overview of the mathematical or numerical modeling issue. The last chapter describes the theoretical introduction of software HYDRUS 2D and CW2D module, it is the practical part used to create a numerical l model. The practical part is based on theoretical knowledge and demonstrates the creating process of mathematical model in program HYDRUS 2D, simulating the real biochemical processes on the vertical saturated filter. The model is created in the program HYDRUS 2D CW2D and based on real operated constructed wetland. The thesis describes the calibration and followed verification of this model. The final model can well simulate the real filter behavior and allows user to get information about the output concentrations of waste water emission, such as ammonia nitrogen (N-NH4+) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results should in the future contribute to create software intended to draft and layout constructed wetlands.
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Whey utilization with thermophilic microorganisms
Rychová, Alexandra ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Babák, Libor (advisor)
This diploma thesis studies the utilization of whey using thermophilic bacteria of the genus Thermus and Geobacillus. The whey stripped off proteins was used as a cultivation medium during experiments. The cultivation took place in the Erlenmeyer flasks, to assess the optimal conditions for microrganism’s growth. During the cultivation in the bioreactor, growth curves were established. The amount of whey utilization was assessed by analytical methods that determine the concentration of reducing saccharides (lactose) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) while studying the optimal conditions and a method determining the concentration of reducing saccharides during growth curves analysis.
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Monitoring of changes of drinking water quality during accumulation and distribution
Vaňková, Jitka ; Dolejš, Petr (referee) ; Mega, Jaroslav (advisor)
Theoretical part of the diploma thesis purveys information on drinking water and quality requirements, changes of drinking water quality during distribution and accumulation caused by disinfection, chemical processes, corrosion of constructional materials, incrusting solids, biofilms, nitrification of ammonia nitrogen, sediments in pipelines, elution of harmful matter. Attention was given to drinking water quality indicators which are associated with changes in drinking water distribution systems. In experimental part are studied changes of drinking water quality during distribution on the basis of selected drinking water quality indicators. There is specifically chemical oxygen demand, concentration of iron, manganese, ammonia ions, nitrites, nitrates, chloroform and chlorine. For periodical monitoring were selected suitable locality within the framework of Brno distribution system; for illustration were taken water samples from distribution systems of drinking water treatment plants Švařec, Vír, Štítary and Mostiště. For selected methods of analytical determination of above mentioned drinking water quality indicators are presented their characteristics. Obtained information on drinking water quality is mentioned in tabular and graphical form.
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The use of the reactor with sludge cloud and external biomass separator for methane production from the substrate for Biogast Plant
ŽIVNÝ, Jakub
The aim of the study was to compere the reactor with sludge cloud and external separator biomass in different modes. This typ of reactor is principally used in wastewater treatment and in this work was designed for production of biogas from biosmass, commonly used in agricultural biogas plants. The reactor assembly was prepared in the laboratory of the available glass flasks, connected by rubber tubing and mixing pump. The entire device was immersed in a water bath heated thermostat. For the purpose of this work was used samples from biogas Týnec near Dobrovice at Mladoboleslavko. The reaktor was injectable liquid portion, formed after adjusment method IFBB (Integrated Generation of Solid Fuel and Biogas from Biomass). The principle of this method consists in separating the liquid and solid components of biomass. Operation of the reactor was carried out in three stirring models: without stirring, medium stirring, intensive stirring. Further, the operation was compared at 40°C and 53 °C in a mode without stirring. This monitoring is carried abut for five hours. The specimens was taken every hour and after drying to COD (determine chemical oxygen demand), which expresses the degree of degradation of organic matter. The results show that the laboratory devie model stirring does not show. However, the temperature change from 40°C to 53°C showed an increased degradation of organic matter.
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Crack lenghts calculation from COD measurement for cement based composites
Seitl, Stanislav ; Hanzlovský, Radovan ; Knésl, Zdeněk
The fatigue of cement based composites is now one of the progressive branches in research. To describe fatigue crack growth quantitatively it is necessary to know the values of materials parameters for Paris’ law. In cement based composites it is difficult to measure crack lengths directly. Therefore the crack open displacement (COD) is measured and then recalculated to crack length. The purpose of the present article is to find the relation between COD and the corresponding crack length for three point bend specimen.
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Function of the root wastewater treatment in case of two wastewater treatment stations in Třeboň Biosphere Reserve.
MUNDOKOVÁ, Mariana
The Bacherlor´s thesis monitors the concentrations of certain chemicals in waste water. The locations of this testing operation were Příbraz, a constructed wetland that has been operating for nine years and Rosec also a constructed wetland in testing operation. This project shows the physical construction and the function of constructed wetlands. It also reports on the levels of the BOD 5, COD and TSS. From our monitoring records the efficiency for BOD 5, COD and TSS has been steady over the study period for both locations. Only once for a period of four months outflow concentration of TSS was higher the due to increased inflow of constucted wetland TSS at the Roseč.
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