National Repository of Grey Literature 140 records found  beginprevious118 - 127nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Hydrogels made of biopolymers for agricultural and environmental applications
Ondruch, Pavel ; Záhora, Jaroslav (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on development and characterization of hydrogel materials for agricultural use. In the experimental section, different methods of preparing these materials were designed and optimized according to previous literature review. In the characterization of resulting materials, the main attention was paid to the kinetics of swelling, to the solubility, the leaching of nitrate and of humic compounds. Thermogravimetric analysis represented another important characterization technique, which provided information about the content and form of water bound in the material. The development of the material aimed mainly at an agricultural application providing the delivery of nutrients to soil and regulation of water content in soil.
Hydration and structure of humic acids studied by thermal analysis
Grebíková, Lucie ; Šmejkalová, Daniela (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Cílem této práce bylo užití termické analýzy, především teplotně modulované diferenční kompenzační kalorimetrie (TMDSC) k odhalení změn ve struktuře huminových kyselin (HA), způsobených pravidelným vlhčením HA vodou a jejím opakovaným sušením. Celkový počet cyklů vlhčení byl pět, neboť následující cykly již nezpůsobily žádné další pozorovatelné strukturální změny. Experimenty provedené v této práci ukázaly, že voda hraje roli nejen v bobtnání struktury HA a přerušení van der Waalsových sil, ale i v přerušení některých vodíkových vazeb, což má větší vliv na snížení teploty skelného přechodu, Tg. Změny v teplotách skelného přechodu byly nepatrné, protože voda ovlivnila především okolí amorfních domén (zodpovědných za skelný přechod), než domény samotné. Dalším úkolem bylo ozřejmit roli volných lipidů ve stabilitě fyzikální struktury HA s ohledem na opakované vlhčení a sušení. Voda periodicky stabilizovala a destabilizovala strukturu HA, ve vzorku HA bez volných lipidů byl vliv vody krátkodobý, voda potřebovala méně času k vyvolání změn ve vzorku, zatímco v původním vzorku byly změny kontinuální. Opakované vlhčení vyvolalo pokles v teplotách fázových přeměn v každém cyklu v porovnání s předcházejícím a ovlivnilo především kinetické procesy, jmenovitě krystalizaci/krystalickou reorganizaci. Opakované vlhčení dále způsobovalo redistribuci a vymytí hydrofilních molekul a tím postupnou hydrofobizaci celé struktury.
Aggregation reactions of chitosan in drinking water treatment
Leskovjanová, Jana ; Mega, Jaroslav (referee) ; Dolejš, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with treatment of surface waters containing humic substances. The most often used method of surface water treatment is coagulation with subsequent separation of aggregates. In this study, only perikinetic coagulation phase was studied. It is the phase when aggregates are formed by the Brownian motion only, i.e. without mixing. Separation of the formed aggregates was made by centrifugation. Coagulation tests were made under the laboratory conditions with model humic water. Humic substances were added from a concentrate, which was taken from a natural peatbog. The influence of temperature on the coagulation process was studied, ranging from 5 to 22 °C. Chitosan (natural biopolymer) was used as coagulant. In present, it is not used in Czech water treatment practice yet. No effect of temperature was observed when chitosan was used as coagulant. Influence of temperature was also studied with the use of aluminium and ferrous sulphates, which are used in common praxis as coagulation reagents. Influence of the temperature was observed and is in agreement with previously reported data of pilot-plant experiments by other researchers. Spectroscopic methods were used to evaluate the coagulation efficiency and determine residual concentration of aluminium and ferrous coagulant. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined for optimal doses. At first, coagulation tests were made under the laboratory temperature. This tests determined optimal aggregation time and optimal coagulant dose under low temperature. Afterwards, all coagulants used were compared at given temperatures.
Production and characterization of regenerated humic acids
Uhrová, Anna ; Daniela,, Šmejkalová (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Jihomoravský lignit pocházející z dolu Mír v Mikulčicích, Lignit s.r.o. byl přesítován a vybraná frakce byla modifikována tzv. mokrou cestou pomocí dvou oxidačních (HNO3, H2O2) a dvou „amfifilních“ (kyselina octová, kyselina citronová) činidel. Alkalickou extrakcí byly získány jak huminové kyseliny z neupraveného tak předupraveného lignitu (tzv. regenerované huminové kyseliny). Na základě výsledku elementární analýzy byly vypočítány C/O a C/H poměry, které společně s FTIR spektry podaly informaci o stupni alifaticity/aromaticity a dále o stupni oxidace organického uhlíku. Pomocí vysokoúčinné vylučovací chromatografie byla stanovena distribuce velikosti huminových agregátů. K objasnění procesů probíhajících v povrchové vrstvě bylo proměřeno povrchové napětí studovaných roztoků vzorků. Získaná data byla proložena Szyszkowského rovnicí a obdržené parametry poukázaly jak na povrchovou aktivitu jednotlivých huminových kyselin tak i na povahu molekul zodpovědných za snižování povrchového napětí. Pro vzájemnou korelaci dat získaných výše zmíněnými metodami byl použit Pearsonův korelační koeficient.
Isolation and characterization of the soil gels
Kundera, Ondřej ; Pekař, Miloslav (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this study are the gel-creative components in soil, mainly the isolation and characterization using electron microscopy and available analytical methods like FT-IR spectrometry, elementary and thermogravimetric analysis. The knowledge from this study may help to define function and significance of this gels to soils and nature. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with humic substances which are, according to published articles so far, expected to play an important role in the formation of the soil gels. The experimental part solves especially the optimization of the method of isolation soil gels and his further characterization.
Study of reactivity and mobility of Cu(II) ions in humic hydrogels
Hegr, Martin ; Solná, Irena (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This bachalor´s thesis is focused on the study of diffusion of cupric ions in gel of humic acid. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the effect of the concentration of cupric ions supply source duration of diffusion on transport through the gel. Cupric ions was used like the diffusion medium. Cupric ions are thanks their high affinty for the humic acids ideal on the diffusion through the humic gel. Three different concentration of CuCl2 were compared, specifically 0,05M, 0,1M and 1M, and also three different times, specifically 10 hours, 1 day and 3 days. To compare them was used method of diffusion couple. The data necessary for calculation were obtained by UVVIS spectrophotometry.
The behavior of superabsorbent polymers in artificial soils
Männlová, Adriana ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Kratochvílová, Romana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of superabsorbent polymers for environmental and agricultural applications. Generally thessis preparations are to perform the funciton of irrigation ,so that thanks to its unique properties , can absorb water in tha rainy season and keep it arend the root system as long as possible. Superabsorbent polymers can also perform the fiction of fertilizer carries and thus ensure its gradual release. These gel structures were subjected to testing of their swelling in environments with different ionic strenght. Subsequently, in the long term monitored thein ability to trap water in the soil environment model.
Complex physicochemical analysis of natural medicinal water
Machátová, Nikol ; Doskočil, Leoš (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the study of the content humic substances in natural medicinal water. Humic substances extracted from this water were characterized by UV-VIS and FTIR spectroscopy, hereafter microbiological tests were performed. The main aim was determine the content HS using the norm ČSN 75 7536 and the calibration curves of standard fulvic acid Suwannee River. Another part of this bachelor thesis was focused on spectrometric characterization HS after different degree of purification. Humic substances were characterized by absorption coefficients and FTIR spectroscopy.
Methodology for experimental study on the release of humic acids from hydrogel application forms.
Palanová, Veronika ; Klučáková, Martina (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
Hlavnou náplňou bakalárskej práce bolo navrhnúť a optimalizovať metódu experimentálneho štúdia uvoľňovania huminovej látky z gelových matríc, ktoré boli vytvorené pomocou bežných kozmetických a farmaceutických zahusťujúcich látok. Pre štúdium uvoľňovania tejto aktívnej látky bola zvolená difúzna aparatúra vo vertikálnom usporiadaní, tzv. Francova cela. Výluhy gelových vzoriek boli podrobené spektrofotometrickým meraniam. Vzniklé interakcie medzi roztokmi lignohumátu a rôznych typov zahusťujúcich látok boli experimentálne stanovené. Celý proces optimalizácie metódy pre uvoľňovanie huminovej látky z gelových foriem bol diskutovaný.
Preparation of humic hydrogels for appliaction in cosmetics
Pavlicová, Renata ; Mravec, Filip (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis is focused on the preparation and characterization of hydrogels containing humic substances and assessment of their potential usefulness in cosmetic practice. Main objective of the work was to develop a literature review focusing on the potential use of humic substances in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, the aim was to prepare model hydrogels addition of soluble humic substances in traditional cosmetic compositions and their characterization by basic methods of analysis parameters. The main investigated parameters were consistency resulting gels (assessed subjectively and subsequently by rheology), their internal pH and dry matter. The experimental results showed that incorporation of humic substances into hydrogels resulting gels acceptable characteristics for further use in cosmetic applications.

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