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Mammalian proteins carrying zinc finger arrays
Vobruba, Adam ; Svoboda, Petr (advisor) ; Mašek, Jan (referee)
A zinc finger is a small peptide motif stabilised by a single zinc ion, best known for its capability to specifically bind a 3-nucleotide sequence of DNA, depending on the exact amino acids present in the DNA-binding positions. Zinc fingers are unique in their ability to freely link together and form longer tandem arrays, which can bind DNA targets of any length and sequence determined by the combination of individual fingers. These arrays can easily mutate and be rebuilt to change binding specificity, allowing great flexibility and helping zinc fingers to their widespread presence in numerous endogenous proteins of various functions. This property of zinc finger arrays also made them a suitable tool for the creation of custom DNA- binding domains for genetic engineering. This thesis provides an overview of the discovery, structure and function of these domains and then reviews and discusses selected naturally occurring mammalian zinc finger proteins and their properties, showcasing diverse uses zinc finger arrays have been adapted for throughout evolution. The history and future of zinc fingers in artificial proteins created for gene therapy and research are discussed as well. Keywords: zinc finger, ZnF, KRAB, KZFP, CTCF, PRDM9, ZFN, mammals
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Juniper pastures in the Wallachia area and predictors of their preservation
Mizera, Ondřej ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Common juniper (Juniperus communis), as a species of predominantly open habitats, used to be part of semi-natural grassland communities, such a pastures. In the area of Moravian Wallachia (eastern part of the Czech Republic) this type of grassland is known as juniper pasture, however as in the whole of Europe, it is a type of habitat that is disappearing rapidly from the landscape, among other reasons due to the absence of juveniles in the population. A total of 20 potentially preserved juniper pastures were identified within nine cadastral areas in the Moravian Wallachia (Beskydy Protected Landscape Area) and visited during the vegetation period. The total number of J. communis individuals was recorded, including their dendrometric (crown height and radius) and descriptive characteristics (sex, vitality, developmental stage, sociability, form). Characteristics of vegetation cover and type of site management were also recorded to define the main factors influencing the vitality and proportion of juvenile individuals in the population of J. communis. Field research was supplemented by analyses of orthophotos and topographical data processed in a GIS environment. In total 2,896 juniper were recorded at 20 locations, while the population of J. communis in the area of interest can be characterized by...
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Effect of mitochondrially targeted senolytic agents on the development of respiratory diseases
Rennerová, Michaela ; Štemberková-Hubáčková, Soňa (advisor) ; Neckář, Jan (referee)
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by gradual decline in the physiological functions of cells and tissues, leading to the activation of a process known as cellular senescence. This results in the development of structural and functional changes in the organism accompanied by an increased risk of various diseases. Respiratory diseases are among the most common chronic conditions associated with the accumulation of senescent cells in the body. Current treatment for chronic respiratory diseases primarily focuses on symptom relief rather than addressing the primary cause of these conditions. Given that senescent cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, the future of therapies lies in their elimination using senolytic agents. Despite promising results from some studies, current research is limited by the heterogeneity of senescent cells, which is reflected in their sensitivity to senolytic agents and the variability of therapeutic responses. Mitochondria play a central role in the development and maintenance of the senescent cell phenotype by regulating key processes such as energy metabolism and cellular signaling, regardless of the type of senescent cell. Thus, targeting mitochondria in senescent cells may represent a promising therapeutic strategy...
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Conflict prevention and de-escalation in pediatric nursing
Prosová, Iveta ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Vlachová, Marie (referee)
Background: This paper focuses on conflict prevention and de-escalation in pediatric nursing. Aims: The theoretical aim of this thesis is to review relevant information on conflict prevention and de-escalation in paediatric nursing from the available Czech and international literature. The obtained knowledge is to be sorted, critically assessed and evaluated. The empirical aim of this thesis is to carry out quantitative research using a non-standardized questionnaire distributed distributed to nurses working in paediatric inpatient wards of Motol University Hospital, to statistically process and evaluate the obtained data and to formulate conclusions and recommendations on conflict prevention and de-escalation for practice based on the results of the questionnaire survey. Methodology: The research was conducted in the form of a non-standardized anonymous questionnaire of our own design, distributed to paediatric, general and practical nurses working in the paediatric wards at Motol Hospital. 144 correctly completed questionnaires are included in the final study. Results: The research survey revealed that although 72% of nurses consider education on conflict prevention and de-escalation important, only 21% of nurses have received such education in the last 5 years. Of the 68% of nurses who report...
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Analysis of the success of category A contestants in the Geography Olympiad on the example of the Praha-východ district
Konečný, Jaroslav ; Jelen, Jakub (advisor) ; Krajňáková, Lenka (referee)
The present bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the success rate of the competitors of category A of the district round of the Geography Olympiad on the basis of their preparation for the competition. The model region of Prague-East was chosen for the analysis. The aim of the thesis is how the contestants prepared for the competition and what aspects of their preparation played a role in their subsequent success in the competition. A sub-objective was to find out whether geographically gifted pupils are found among the most successful competitors. These objectives were narrowed down to a number of research questions to which answers were sought using a questionnaire survey and focus group interviews. It was found that the preparation for the competition varied among the competitors. Some aspects of preparation play a more important role than others. A possible deficiency in some students' preparedness may be little or no involvement by teachers in the preparation process. Key words aptitude in geography, gifted student, preparation for the competition, Geography Olympiad
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Nursing Care in Patients with MRSA
Zajacová, Aneta ; Trojánek, Milan (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Daniel (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Nursing Care in Patients with MRSA" deals with the issue of barrier regimen in the context primarily with golden staphylococcus infection. The aim is to assess the attitudes of nursing staff about nursing care in patients with MRSA, analyze the adherence to contact precautions in the clinical practice and to identify the factors associated with potential non-adherence. The theoretical part of the thesis serves as an introduction to the topic, while the empirical part contains the results of the actual investigation and serves to explore the above objectives. The research method was a self-constructed questionnaire with 33 questions, which was distrubuted among the nursing staff in the surgical and internal inpatient wards of the adult part of Motol University Hospital. Responses from 67 respondents were included and the obtained data were statistically processed. The survey resulted in the following findings: Only 13 respondents (19 %) say that everyone on their ward always adheres to barrier measures. The most common situation where barrier measures are not adhered to is 'acute patient condition' with 27 respondents (40 %) and 'at night' with 12 respondents from the standard ward and only 1 from the ICU. The motivation for more consistent adherence to barrier measures is fear...
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Imaging algorithm in suspected non-accidental injury
Popelová, Eliška ; Kynčl, Martin (advisor) ; Burgetová, Andrea (referee) ; Jezberová, Michaela (referee)
Imaging algorithm in suspected non-accidental injury Abstract This thesis focuses on radiologic investigations in children with suspected non-accidental injury (NAI) with emphasis on children below two years of age. It is the first Czech ori- ginal and review work on this topic. The aim of this work is to evaluate current practise in Czech hospitals and to assess benefits of skeletal imaging in children younger than two years with suspected NAI. The theoretical part of the thesis presents a summary of up-to- -date information on radiologic imaging of children with suspected NAI and provides an overview of international expert literature. The empirical part of the thesis presents four scientific projects: a survey among Czech radiologists and three studies aimed at skeletal imaging in children with trauma suggestive of NAI. The results of these works show that evaluation of children with suspected NAI is not standardized and that skeletal imaging is not performed in all appropriate situations. At the same time, the results show that skele- tal imaging may show clinically occult fractures, while the effective dose is reasonably low. The thesis also brings suggestions for improvements and topics for further research. The appendices to this work include the recommendations Postavme se na stranu dětí....
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Creativity and music production: comparing the effect of musical improvisation with the effect of playing notes on divergent thinking
Pavlíková, Barbora ; Keřková, Barbora (advisor) ; Pešout, Ondřej (referee)
Creativity and the creative process can be fostered by many different factors. Based on previously conducted research, it is possible that improvisational practice can enhance performance on tests of divergent thinking. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of playing a musical instrument on divergent thinking in two groups of participants: improvising players and note players. As part of the research, I administered cognition tests (Trail Making Test and verbal fluency test) and the divergent thinking test (Alternative Uses Task, AUT) to the two groups of participants. The AUT was re-administered immediately following a 20-minute period of playing a musical instrument. I hypothesized that musical improvisation would lead to improved performance on the AUT test, with this improvement being statistically significantly greater than that of the note-playing group. Statistical analysis did not show an effect of playing a musical instrument on performance on the AUT test in either group of players. There was neither improvement nor deterioration in performance after playing a musical instrument in either group. There was a significant between-group difference in performance in the elaboration of answeres within the AUT administered after playing a musical instrument. The number of hours of...
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Deconstruction of Czechoslovak Identity on the Institutional Level after 1993
Hejpetrová, Vendula ; Havlíček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kučera, Zdeněk (referee)
The bachelor thesis examines the deconstruction of Czechoslovak identity at the institutional level after 1993, when Czechoslovakia collapsed. Despite the dissolution of the Czechoslovak state formation, the concept of "Czechoslovakia/Czechoslovak" continued to be worked with, especially on an institutional level. The main aim of this thesis is to find out, through my research, the purpose of using the term "Czechoslovak" in the names of institutions more than three decades after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. This research focuses on institutions founded before 1993 as well as those that were established after that date. The research was conducted using a qualitative method, namely semi-structured interviews with four respondents. This method gave a deeper understanding of the topic and provided a detailed view of the issue. The results suggest that the term "Czechoslovak" is still of great importance to the institutions, is highly valued by them and reflects not only the historical development and context of these institutions but also contributes to their identity and perception in the public space. Thus, the thesis represents a significant and primary contribution to the understanding of the deconstruction of Czechoslovak identity in institutional terms after 1993. Key words: Regional...
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The impact of team autonomy, reflexivity and participation on employees' mental health
Mandousová, Michaela ; Šípová, Ivana (advisor) ; Mudrák, Jiří (referee)
Mental health is an important topic in the context of the work environment. Therefore, the thesis examines the impact of team autonomy, reflexivity, and participation on employees' mental health. The theoretical part focuses on the topic of mental health, the JD-R model, burnout syndrome, engagement, and team factors with a focus on autonomy, reflexivity, and participation. The empirical part aims to test whether team autonomy, reflexivity, and participation together with burnout syndrome score or work engagement are significant predictors of burnout syndrome and engagement measured one year apart. The data used to test the stated hypotheses were obtained within the framework of the international H-WORK project, which conducted a field-based longitudinal study. The project was initiated in response to growing mental health problems in the working population in Europe. This paper uses data from two companies that underwent restructuring during the project. Because of this, there was a large drop out. The data in the research part, which was subjected to linear regression analysis, was collected from 59 respondents. The results did not support the stated hypotheses. This result may be influenced by several factors, such as the high experimental mortality already mentioned. Key words: mental health;...
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