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Longterm analysis of beaver foraging - Do beavers sawing off the branch on which they are sitting?
Bartoň, Marian ; Vorel, Aleš (advisor) ; Jarmila, Jarmila (referee)
This thesis is focused on the analysis of eurasian beavers foraging behaviour and their strategy of getting food in the long-term perspective.
First part (theoretical) of the thesis contains an explanation of the theory of the central place foraging, animal selective behaviour when food is selected and central place foraging influence on trees fertility. In this part is also mentioned the predation risk or how does the beaver perceives competitive pressure from other animals, and factors that can cause the change in population density of beaver colonies. The objective of this work is to determine the effect of long-term beaver populating on the volume of comsumed biomass and expanse of the territory, and a comparison of these results with one another in terms of different times of occupated territories.
The second part describes the methodical procedure of the field survey. Data I collected from the areas of Šumava, Český les and South Moravia. I tried to find out, how the beaver´s foraging behaviour is induced depending on time inhabiting the territory and on increasing distance from the shore. This research shows that the beaver trips for food increases with age of occupation in 7-10 years and then the distance of tree cuts declined again from the shore. The volume of consumed biomass in reliance of increasing time of beaver occupation also decline and the most favoured tree species was an oak tree for which beavers were willing to walk long distances. The results of the simple analysis are presented as a measurement for both the entire region and also for each territory.
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Purpose of the educational trail in a park in Ostrov, "Horažďovice": evaluation, proposals
Lávička, Miroslav ; Skalický, Milan (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with educational trails (ET) of various thematic focuses, their purpose and ways of information presentation to visitors through various information panels.
The aim of the thesis was to document an area for a new educational trail in a park in Ostrov in the town Horažďovice. To achieve the goal a sociological research in the town public, employees of educational institutions and municipality was made. Making analyse and evaluation of the place for the educational trail, its madialisation and making an exemplary educational panel was very important.
The thesis suggests several hypothesis: whether town citizens visit educational trails, whether the trail needs an advertisement and if the increased interest has a negative influence in environment of the Ostrov park, whether people accept the educational trail in Ostrov park and if it is convenient for all population groups.
Through the questionaire it was found out that 71% of public visit the trails, 76% of teachers use it as a part of educational process. The public (69%) and the teachers (75%) agree with creating an educational trail in the Ostrov park. Only 11% of public and 19% of teachers know all the ET in the Horažďovice region. The public (78%) and the teachers (89) asked for more information and medialisation of ET. While making a new proposal of the trail and information panel the results of the survey were taken in the account.
Considering the regular upkeeping, facilities, and wheelchair roads, the park was found suitable for people of all ages (families with children, groups of teenagers, seniors, etc.) and disabled people.
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The renovation of historical parks near the small feudal residences on the example of the study of the renovation of the castle garden in Doudleby nad Orlici in Eastern Bohemia.
Faltysová, Lenka ; Buttry, Ivana (advisor) ; Jakub, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this work is the processing methodology and presentation process how to restore monuments of garden art. On the example of the revitalization of the castle garden immovable cultural monument Castle Doudleby nad Orlicí, based on the study of literature, similar interventions and the analysis and interpretation of various types of archival material the current quality of historic garden was evaluated. It is based on field survey, which consists of dendrological research, analyzing the authenticity of trees and appreciation of all the collected documents, historical sources and professional literature. Concept recovery of castle garden is based on the expert authority´s binding point of view of the state care of historical monuments.
Renaissance castle in Doudleby nad Orlici is located in the eastern part of the town on a slightly raised hill on the right bank of the River Divoká Orlice. There was a wooden medieval fortress with the farmyard on this place in the 13th century. Sr Mikuláš from Bubno started to build a hunting lodge in the Renaissance style as villa in 1588, which was finished in 1590. The significance of Renaissance residence, which complement the early Baroque elements from the late 17th century, is enhanced by the opulent and impressive sgraffito - carpet pattern covering all external and internal frontage, restored in 1886 by Kirchner. The tall chimneys are the part of decoration in the courtyard decorated with sgraffito as well. The chateau complex is formed along its circuit of farm buildings and residential buildings. Building of castle itself is separated by a park with old trees and newer lawns (Hieke, 1984).
Castle park in Doudleby nad Orlicí was founded in 1809 in compositional continuity of the Renaissance castle building. The park forms one organic complex with the castle. The promoter strived, like in the castle rooms, to demonstrate here his wealth, his sense of art and his botanical-dendrological knowledge. The park is designed as a narrow disposition in landscape style and it is composed as a long vista to the castle. The area of the landscape park is 3.76 hectares nowadays.
The literature search is especially dedicated to the Renaissance and its relationship to the garden art. The monument care in the Czech Republic and the activity of professional organization of the monument care of the National Heritage Institute in Josefov is introduced in this section.
The methodological guide describes the used bolsterings and resulting outputs on the basis of them are implemented of such measures, which will help to improve the health and vitality of existing promising trees and new plantings of trees, which are consistent with the original composition with emphasis on the rehabilitation and upgrading of historical value of the object. Treatment of trees and supplementary planting will be done within the frame of total revitalization of the castle park.
The practical unit describes the current status of vegetation monuments of garden art. The inventory trees is the essential tool for analyzing the current status of vegetation monuments of garden art. Inventory, which should provide quality base for a draft recovery, should also be addressed in certain parts with characteristics of individual species (Krejčiřík, 2015).
The results of field investigation were completely recorded in the graphical output.
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Verification of project „Park za sv. Jakubem v Klatovech“
Malá, Kateřina ; Vacek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Jiří, Jiří (referee)
City council of Klatovy town in the Czech Republic submitted a contract for a new town park project on the place called "Za sv. Jakubem" in 2005. Studio SILVEX represented by Ing. Pavel Borusík won this contract and created a feasibility study as the first step of the project documentation. Till now the study has not been realized because of problematic ownership issues within the concerned area.
This diploma thesis strives to solve the question of the up-to-dateness of that project which has been suspended for ten years by now. The main subjects of this thesis have been the project content evaluation, verification of up-to-dateness and to design a new solution respecting current and future needs of the city inhabitants and park users.
Literary overview of the current state of the problem deals with public space areas characteristics, city park characteristics, graveyard characteristics including types of graveyards, burials, graves, burial history in the Czech Republic and Jewish cemeteries. The thesis addresses with the impact of the death on survivors and greenery effects as a green place useful for meditation. The graveyard topic is elaborated because of the geographical distance of Klatovy's town's graveyard to the intended park area.
Evaluation of detailed data provides the fundamental information about Klatovy and the park place, brief contents and main thoughts of feasibility study "Za sv. Jakubem", own verification of the available documentation including changes in the property relations.
All together it had served as a basis for designing new park concept proposal, which responds adequately to demands of park users. The project by Studio SILVEX proposes park place with purely town meaning, containing children playground, in-line skating track and other sport activities. The diploma thesis's park concept transforms the project with focus on scenery locations and relax place for visitors of the nearby town graveyard.
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Land art in garden-architectural design
Brašeňová, Kristina ; Buttry, Ivana (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
My thesis Land art in garden-architectural design deals about land art as artistic movement which was born in the twentieth century. In the historical literature review, namely the theoretical section are an informations about the origin of this art, also presented are the creations of the most important land artists known worldwide and also in Czechoslovakia together with their works as well as the alternative of using these works in different types of places in landscape gardening and landscape architecture. Practical part (chapter Results and suggestions) contains, on the basis of knowledge, designs and studies of my own land art installations in selected localities of Slovakia and Czech republic together with the characteristics of the locality, analysis of the locality, main idea, inspiration and material used for implementation.
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Growth and environmental effects of Grand fir cultivation in conditions of the Czech republic
Fulín, Martin ; Podrázský, Vilém (advisor) ; Antonín, Antonín (referee)
Grand fir (Abies grandis /Douglas ex D. Don/ Lindl.) is a species with potential benefits for the implementation of many functions in forest management: namely the function of production, soil improvement, stabilization and landscaping. It was introduced to the Czech Republic, as well as to other European countries, since the first half of the 19th century, mainly by aristocratic families. First plantings were performed in the parks, but gradually also in the forest stands. Another wave of interest in this tree species was associated with the decline of the domestic silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). It was to some extent substitute, for this period comes the greatest number of plantations in the country. The aim of this thesis is, therefore, monitoring of growth and production of the grand fir, but also the evaluation of the effects on the basic characteristics of the soil chemistry, nutrient dynamics and possible degradation effect on forest lands. Research areas were mainly located in the University Forest Enterprise Kostelec nad Černými lesy, but also in other places such as Hrubá Skála at Turnov, forests owned by Kinský at Žďár nad Sázavou and Kynšperk nad Ohří. Monitoring was carried out on already established and monitored middle-aged permanent plots (35 to 55 years), which were assessed at mensurational parameters (position, height, diameter at breast height, ratio of the green crown), in further the quantity and quality of forest floor and upper mineral soil components was studied. This work also contains the measurements of the provenance plot of Forestry and Game Management Research Institute. The results show that the grand fir is a productive tree species that exceeds the stock of domestic conifer tree species and its intensive growth is comparable with Douglas fir. From the perspective of provenance trials is crucial the correct choice of provenance, which achieves better yields and quality of wood. Best provenances come from the island Vancouver and the coast of Washington state. At the soil analysis reaching grand fir better values in comparison with Norway spruce and got it closer to the values of broad-leaved tree species. Thus it can be said that grand fir represents important soil-improving and stabilization tree species.
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Plants containing toxic substances in the garden of nursery schools
Pilařová, Kateřina ; Pavlíková, Daniela (advisor) ; Jitka, Jitka (referee)
This thesis is focused on the occurrence of poisonous plants in gardens of nursery schools, assesses the level of danger to children and awareness of teachers who ensure the safety of children during their stay in the nursery schools. Attention is paid to individual groups of plant toxic compounds. Reactions of the organism to their presence, including examples of poisoning caused some of them, and a first aid for intoxications are discussed. Mentioned are the most dangerous plants with possible occurrence in our geographical conditions, and esp. those that can entice children by an attractive appearance of some of their parts (flowers, fruits, etc.). It also includes a statistical analysis of the incidence of poisonous plants in gardens of nursery schools and the awareness of educational supervision. The conclusions of the investigation indicates that in gardens of nursery schools are often found large quantities of various dangerous plants containing toxic substances and children use for their games some parts of such plants. Although the evaluation of the actual toxicity of the plants is very difficult, there's no space for underestimating this danger and it is appropriate that teachers recognize poisonous plants. Toxic plant substances have high biological activity in low doses. This work should serve as a basis for creating material for purposes of public health surveillance in schools and school facilities and manuals directly for the needs of schools, because gardens of nursery schools are due to young age, intellectual capacity and a high number of children the riskiest place for the possibility of poisoning.
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The importance of vitamin D and calcium in the human diet
Bártová, Magdaléna ; Hejtmánková, Alena (advisor) ; Michlová, Tereza (referee)
Vitamin D refers to a group of fat soluble steroids. The most important forms are
cholecalciferol occurring in foods of the animal origin and ergocalciferol of the plant origin. Human
accept them in the diet; the fatty fishes, fish liver, and some other foods like milk, eggs or yeasts are
rich resources of vitamin D. Unlike the other vitamins, the synthesis of vitamin D can also take place
in the living body. Cholecalciferol is formed in the skin from its precursor 7 - dehydrocholesterol by
the effect of UVB radiation. The conversion efficiency depends on various factors.
Two successive reaction steps are necessary for the activation of vitamin D. The first step of
hydroxylation occurs in the liver to be formed calcidiol. Calcidiol is the principal form of vitamin D in
the blood acting also as the indicator of body supplies. The second one takes place in the kidneys
where calcidiol is transformed to calcitriol. Calcitriol is assumed as the active hormonal form of
vitamin D binding to the receptor for vitamin D - VDR. The best known and the most explored
function is the effect of vitamin D on the calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Consequently, vitamin
D also influences the proper functions of muscles and the immune system. It reduces the risk of the
cancer and cardiovascular diseases by various mechanisms as well. However, there are assumed
another effects of vitamin D on the human body, which are not fully yet understood and are the subject
for further research.
Calcium constitutes the major mineral component of bones and teeth. It is an essential nutrient
and therefore it is necessary to supply it with food. Its content in foods is various as well as its
usability from these. The major resources of calcium are milk and dairy products. Calcium is also
present in eggs, mineral waters, certain fishes and food of plant origin. Especially, the plant resources
usability of calcium is limited because of the insolubility of some calcium complexes. Calcium is
essential for the composition structure of bones and teeth. Besides of structural function, it has a main
role in the blood coagulation, neuromuscular transmission or muscle contraction.
Vitamin D has an influence on the usability of calcium because of the efficiency increase of
calcium absorption in the intestine. The lack of both micronutrients leads to skeletal diseases -
osteoporosis, osteomalacia and rickets. The adequate intake of both essential part of food, vitamin D
and calcium, is important especially for the growing children, elderly people, and pregnant and
lactating women.
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The causes of desertification in Africa
Nesrovnal, Evžen ; Potopová, Vera (advisor) ; Brigita, Brigita (referee)
This bachelor thesis follows the causes, consequences and future impacts of climate change and desertification in Africa and globally. The work is focused on the Convention itself which deals with combating desertification and mitigating the effects of drought, especially in developing countries and the related Joint Africa-EU strategy and priority measures. The thesis also deals with the issue of enlargement of deserts and provides a comprehensive overview of areas prone to desertification on all continents. It pays attention to adaptation and mitigation measures at the global level, but also on the African continent and simultaneously due to desertification on agriculture and food security. The last part of the research is a case study of the Sahel which is part of Africa between the 12th and 20th parallel of the northern latitude. It describes the characteristics of the landscape, desertification and possible solutions, eg. appropriate farming practices and habits of the population which is very important to change for development of this highly affected area. Abundant drought in this region had occurred in the 70s, mid-80s and again in the early the 90s of the 20th century, in Sudan since the 70s of the 20th century, each year annual rainfall is reducing. Results based on analysis of historical observations indicate the presence of at least three particularly sensitive regions called the climate "hotspots" - places with the most apparent climate change (rainfall decrease in the dry season is almost one hundred percent).
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The role of educational care centers in the prevention of risky behavior
ŘÍHÁČKOVÁ, Věra
Aim of this work was to develop a prevention program for specific elementary school, reacting to the current situation and the area of risk behavior in the city. The elementary school is located in a normal city where the average social level. The school is located in a quiet neighborhood and serves children from across the city and surrounding villages. The School is well ensured, and that's is the reason why pupils feels good in it. In the past, bullying has occurred here, so I developed a preventive program against bullying for the sixth year of primary school. I chose the sixth year because it's one of the highest risk groups in primary school. Mostly new pupils come in it and are created new athletic classes, in which pupils have a tendency to be self-assertion, and these less successful or very successful may become a victim of bullying. The main objective of the program is to teach pupils how to communicate with each other and to build feel of support in their techer. Preventive program is a long term and complex. To the program was chosen dating, communication, to strengthen relationships, moral, motion and fun activities (games). All selected games should aim to achieve positive relationship between the pupils and to know how to communicate and solve different problems. Pupils should have support in their class teacher, therefore teacher should be involved in the games. The preventive program is rated ongoing and final by teachers and pupils. Ongoing evaluation is incorporated into class hours, where pupils respond to the questions and once in two months prevention methodology implemented with pupils sociometry. In addition, teacher monitors pupils throughout the year and when a problem occurs in the class, he begins to work with class. The final evaluation takes place at the end of the school year when pupils play the game on communication and solve different problems and because of it can teacher determinate whether or not there was an effective preventive program. The whole developed preventative program was offered to elementary school, for which he was developed.
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