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Comparison of sensitivity of Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium difficile against selected chemical ingredients.
Šlitrová, Barbora ; Ing.Veronika Holá, Ph.D. (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Sporicidal activity of disinfectants is tested on Bacillus subtilis spores according to ČSN EN 13704 standard. Until December 2007, 10 countries encountered outbreaks and 7 additional countries had endemic cases of Clostridium difficile-associated disease due to hypervirulent strain C. difficile PCR ribotype 027. This outbreak of CDAD with increased severity and mortality is spread as typical nosocomial infection. Clostridium difficile spores can persist on dry surfaces for 5 months. Therefore it is important to compare the effectiveness of disinfectants on both strains and find out whether Bacillus subtilis is the only proper microorganism for testing the sporicidal activity.
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Vexation at highschools in Kroměříž county
VITOŠOVÁ, Andrea
ABSTRACT In today´s world chicane becomes more pronounced term and is considered to be the most significant negative aspect of current school system. In addition unlike chicane in the past today is displays more alarming features. That includes in particular increasing number of chicane occurrence in schools, lower age of offenders and increased aggressivity and brutality of such behaviour. Chicane is a complex and cross-society problem. And it is defined as any behaviour with the intention to harm somebody repeatedly, threaten or intimidate other student or group of students. This intentional violence is focused on individuals or groups of students who don{\crq}t know how or cant defend themselves for whatever reason. It includes physical attacks in form of beating, extortion, robberies, damaging of property of others as well as verbal attacks in form of invectives, aspersions, assault or humiliation. It may also have the form of sexual harassment or even sexual abuse. Chicane occurs also indirectly as notable neglecting or ignoring of a student or students by the teacher or other group of students. Danger of chicane is based mainly on its severity, long term effect and related consequences for mental and physical health. These are the reasons why chicane must not be neglected and underestimated. The purpose of this diploma work is to map occurrence and severity of chicane in secondary vocational schools in Kroměříž district. In my opinion this objective has been achieved. The research objective was to prove or disprove the following hypothesis: H1: Chicane occurs in secondary vocational schools in Kroměříž district. H2: Most of chicane cases are not of severe character in secondary vocational schools in Kroměříž district. H3: Most of chicane offenders also display discipline problems. H4: Boys are more often chicane offenders than girls. The H1 hypothesis has been proved. 66 % of students in secondary vocational schools in Kroměříž ever experienced chicane and 21 % of students experience chicane in their current school. The H2 hypothesis has been proved. Chicane is not of severe character. The most common form of chicane is verbal attacks, humiliation and aspersions. The H3 hypothesis has been disproved. The research did not prove that chicane offenders also display discipline problems. The H4 hypothesis has been proved. The result of the research conclude that boys are more often chicane offenders, in 60% of cases. In addition the research pointed out the problem of chicane reporting and solving. Chicane often remains unreported or is reported but not addressed. As concerns the chicane abatement issue in secondary schools, also 8 % of students is of the opinion that their school effectively addresses chicane and less than 61 % of student does not even know if their schools are addressing this problem at all. Therefore I would recommend to schools to pay more attention to communication with students about this socially pathological problem and take preventive measures.
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Enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin
Zelenka, Jaroslav ; Vítek, Libor (advisor) ; Entlicher, Gustav (referee) ; Červinková, Zuzana (referee)
Bilirubin is a main physiological product of heme degradation possessing important antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. On the other hand, it could be neurotoxic during severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia combined with insufficiency of blood-brain barrier (neonatal jaundice). It is secreted from the body via bile and is further metabolized in the intestine. Part of the substance is reduced to urobilinoids, part is adsorbed to the intestinal content and some part could be reabsorbed back to the systemic circulation. This enterohepatically and enterosystemically circulating fraction varies in size depending on the rate of bilirubin secretion, solubility in the intestine and intensity of its intestinal metabolism. Under specific circumstances, EHC and ESC may significantly increase serum and bile bilirubin levels and influence physiological as well as pathological processes occuring in the body. Among the most important is the protective elevation of UCB levels in Gilbert syndrome subjects and dangerous increase in severity of neonatal jaundice. In the presented thesis, the mechanisms affecting EHC and ESC of bilirubin and tools for further research in BP metabolism were investigated. The solubility of intestinal UCB is strongly decreased by addition of divalent cations. However, such approach to...
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Diversity and intercultural aspects of the functioning of a company
Tetenková, Pavla ; Filipová, Alena (advisor) ; Zeman, Jiří (referee)
The thesis concentrates on culture, its levels and characteristics, including business culture. The first part focuses on cultural diversity and management of diversity in business culture, with emphasis on the related incorrect tendencies, caused by various culturally conditioned biases. The following part considers different aspects of intercultural communication, its possible barriers and the question of intercultural training. The practical part analyses an existing multinational corporation, particularly with regards to its corporate values, practices, corporate diversity and intercultural training. Furthermore, this part is complemented with a study of the culturally conditioned difficulties within the company, the influence of existing cultural differences on employee communication and cooperation, as well as on intercultural training. The outcome of the study are recommendations, which serve as a base for potential modifications of the corresponding company processes.
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Public awareness of drug problems in České Budějovice district
KOZLOVÁ, Lucie
ABSTRACT Addictive drugs are all around us and they have become a part of our lives. The issue of drug abuse is of critical importance, global, and difficult to solve. Typically, drugs are categorized as tolerated or not tolerated by society, and more or less risky. It is vital, therefore, to know the attitude of public to the issue. Lots of drug abuse causes have already been revealed, just like the reasons why some users develop addiction while others do not. In all probability the abuse of drugs or the addiction development cannot be put down to a single background factor. Everything will depend on personality traits of the individual, on his or her environmental conditions, and on specific effects of the drug. Since I take much interest in these issues, I have chosen for my thesis the subject of Public awareness of drug abuse issues in the District of České Budějovice. I investigated what people knew about drug abuse at the District where I live; their opinions of drug abuse; whether they believed that drug abuse deteriorated social position of an individual; whether they believed it boosted the rate of crime; if people were informed about facilities assisting recovery from drug addiction within the District of České Budějovice; and, last but not least, whether they suspected what drugs could come in their way here. The thesis aimed to examine what people knew about the drug abuse issues in the České Budějovice District. This objective has been met. Fifty three percent of respondents were found well informed on the subject, while the remaining 47% lacked the information. The survey was to prove or disprove hypothesis that the public was unaware of organizations providing help to drug addicts - the hypothesis was not confirmed since 51% of respondents were informed about the relevant organizations and 49% were not. Another hypothesis predicted that the public could not tell the illegal drugs from the legal ones - it was not confirmed as the public was found sufficiently informed. The hypotheses expecting the public to believe that drug abuse drives crime and deteriorates the addict's social position were confirmed by the bulk of respondents living in the District of České Budějovice. Ninety nine percent of the respondents believed the drug abuse pushed up the crime rate and 95% were of the opinion that it affected the addict's social position. As follows from the survey, the public in the České Budějovice District was relatively well informed of the drug abuse issues, though the differences encountered between awareness and unawareness of the subject were just minor. I intend to release the thesis as an information source for the general public(in the form of brochures, internet publications or periodicals); moreover, I want to offer the results to organizations engaged in the drug abuse treatment and to students of the University of South Bohemia to serve as training material. The public will find a wealth of important drug-related information in the paper, while the addiction treating organizations will be prompted to fill the gaps still existing in information available to the general public.
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Evaluation of ecotoxicity of selected chemicals with using algal test.
Kosárová, Hedvika ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the ecotoxicity of 2 - [(2,6-dichlorophenyl)aniline] benzene acetic acid (diclofenac), ?-methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl) benzene acetic acid (ibuprofen) and mixture of cadmium and diclofenac and studies the above using algal toxicity test in accordance with ISO 8692. The theoretical part describes the issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment, and characteristics of standards algae tests and alternative tests. Freshwater green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus were used as testing organisms in all the implemented algal toxicity tests. By the means of these tests, the IrC50 values for the standard substance potassium dichromate, the drugs diclofenac and ibuprofen and cadmium were determined. The toxicity of cadmium in mixture with diclofenac was also evaluated.
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The Changes of Body Temperature of Patients during a Medical Procedure in Total Anesthesia
BENEŠOVÁ, Monika
The first part of the present dissertation shows mechanisms of keeping of body temperature in an optimum range as well as it divides and evaluates range of body temperature. My dissertation also deals with the ways of measurement of body temperature, methods of measurement and tools which are neccessary for measurement of body temperature. Another part presents characteristics of aneshtesia its division, ways of application and tools which are used for total anesthesia. It is also described an observation of body temperature during total anesthesia, negative consequences of hypothermia, regulations of body temperature during total anesthesia and prevention and treatment of hypothermia. There are descriptions of targets and hypothesis in the second part. There were made five hypothesis. The third part shows methods of collecting data itself. They are results of stucture observation of changes of body temperature of patiens in total anesthesia during surgery.The fourth part are charts and graphs showing results of measurements of body temperature of our patients in total anesthesia as well as results of the questionnaires based on answers from asked nurses. There are particular hypothesis and their results in discussion part. Hypothesis H1 was proved. Hyphothesis H2 is not possible to be disproved. Hyphothesis H3 was not proved. Hyphothesis H4 was proved and hyphotesis H5 was proved. We can deduce from the results that active use of tools for keeping body temperature in a physiological range can prevent decrease of body temperature. It is clear from the questionnaires that nurses are aware of complications connected to hypothermia. They actively use tools for keeping body temperature in physiological range. There is a summary in the conclusion of the dessertation whether all estimated targets were accomplished. As a result of the dissertation we can assume that using of tools for keeping body temperature of total anasthesia patients should be a standard. There should be also a standard to measure body temperature during an operation in total anasthesia itself.
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Investigation of Biologically Active Plant Secondary Metabolites by Antioxidant and Anti-Aggregative Tests
Řeháková, Zuzana ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Semecký, Vladimír (referee) ; Grančai, Daniel (referee)
The effort to find compounds with significant antioxidant properties and with some other therapeutically useful biological activity (e.g. anti-platelet activity) from the wide group of sturcturally different naturally occuring compouds (or plant extracts) or their synthetic derivatives, was the purpose of this work. Radical Scavenging activity of tested compounds or plant extracts was measured by modified DPPH test use program SIA (sequential injection analysis). Singificant radical scavenging activity exhibited polyfenols, namely gallic acid (EC50= 0,0025 ± 0,002 mg/ml) and ethyl-gallate (EC50= 0,0038 ± 0,001 mg/ml). Also the pure latex of Croton lechleri exhibited significantly radical scavenging activity (EC50=0,0347 ± 0,018 mg/ml). From the group of tested methylcoumarins, the excelent antioxidant aktivity exhibited ortho-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarins, espicially 7,8-dihydroxy-4- methylcoumarin and its derivatives (EC50= 24,9 ± 2,7 μM). Further was the antioxidant activity tested by FRAP methods modified to used micropalates P 400 μl. This spectrofothometric method based on ability of compounds to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, confirmed the antioxidant activity of ortho-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarins. The antiplatelet activity of pure compounds and herbal extracts was assayed in vitro on the model of human...
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Factors Affecting Metabolism of Anthelmintics
Forstová, Veronika ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor) ; Machala, Miroslav (referee) ; Chládek, Jaroslav (referee)
Nowadays, anthelmintic therapy is the main method in the fight with parasitic worms. Anthelmintics, as well as other xenobiotics, undergo structural changes by effect of biotransformation enzymes, when lipophilic substances are transformed to polar substances more easily eliminable from the organism. Generally, biological effects of metabolites and parent compound are different. Activity of biotransformation enzymes is thus the fundamental factor influencing velocity of detoxification and elimination of the compound from the body and duration of drug effect as well. Modulation of biotransformation enzymes' activities can lead to changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of drug itself as well as other xenobiotics and thus to the risk of decrease in desired effect and/or increase in adverse effects with corresponding impact on the quality of drug therapy. In addition, possible risk of drug residues' presence in animal products has to be considered in farm animals. Biotransformation of xenobiotics is affected by many physiological as well as pathological factors. These factors can be divided into inter-individual (species, gender, genetic polymorphism) and intra-individual (age, diet, medication, disease, etc.). All these factors cause wide variability in occurrence and activity of biotransformation...
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