|
Determination of aluminium concentration changes in infusion and digesta of Hibiscus sabdariffa
Binderová, Denisa ; Potůčková, Miroslava (advisor) ; Blanka, Blanka (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to characterize aluminium content in infusion and digestate of Hibiscus sabdariffa tea. Dried Hibiscus is worldwide used for the manufacture of herbal or fruit tea. Aluminium is at excessive exposure toxic for human organism. The amount of this element which is human gastrointestinal tract able to intake and absorb depends on many factors such as the form of it, physico-chemical properties of a food matrix and on their behavior in the human gastrointestinal system. The concentration of aluminum in the dried plant matrix is influenced bythe ability of plant to accumulate element from the soil and create aluminium complexes in tissues. This process protects plant against aluminium toxicity.
In experimental part of bachelor thesis was determined the amount of aluminum in dried plant matrix of 8 herbal teas of hibiscus flower, their infusions and digestates by emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). Digestates from infusions were prepared according to the current version of the static in vitro gastrointestinal model Infogest Working Group. The content of the element in plant matrix was not (p < 0.05) effect by the type of agricultural production (conventional × ecological) or country of origin. From dried hibiscus flowers passed only cca 5 % of aluminium into the infusion and this amount was not (p < 0.05) proportional to the initial content of element. There was a statistically significant (p > 0.05) increase in the concentration of aluminium after infusions digestion via simulated gastrointestinal process. The observed increase of aluminum content was probably caused by the acidic pH of the gastric phase of digestion where aluminium passed into well soluble and therefore better absorbable forms.
|
| |
| |
|
Mutual Solubilities of Ammonium-Based Ionic Liquids with Water and with Water/Methanol Mixture
Machanová, Karolina ; Jacquemin, J. ; Wagner, Zdeněk ; Bendová, Magdalena
This work presents a study on solubility in water and in water/methanol mixture of a set of ILs composed of the bi (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion and of the N-alkyl-triethyl-ammonium cation (abbrev. [NR222][NTf2]) with the alkyl chain R ranging from 6 to 14 carbons. These ILs were successfully tested for enantioselective hydrogenation of β-ketoesters catalyzed by the chiral complex Ru-BINAP in presence of methanol [1]. From which, it appears that these ILs immobilise the catalyst in the mixture for easier recycling and further re-use and protect it from air/oxygen. The final separation of the product is carried out by rinsing the solution with water, which may also wash out the ILs with catalyst. For this reason, mutual solubilities between ILs and water, as well as between ILs and methanol/water mixture need to be investigated in detail.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22012102414102 - PDF
|
|
Complex and culture in relation to the motivation of personality
Opatrný, Martin ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Vaculíková, Michaela (referee)
Purpose and aspiration of the submitted rigorous essay is to contribute to less elaborated part of motivational psychology. Many discourses in this area examine human behaviour without particular consideration of intrapsychical problems, especially complexes. Its relevation and comprehension should help in understanding of human behaviour in general. This rigorous essay is focuses on the very broad and problematic idea of complex which is characterized as "king road to unconsciousness" by Carl Gustav Jung. The aim of the essay is to identify and theoretically describe the fundamentals of the complexphenomenon and to point out its relation to the motivation of personality as well as describe signification of culture, whis is very imprortant in configuration and final charakter of personality. The basic hypothesis of the essay is the presumption that complex might function as a positive motivational drive of human behaviour. That is the reason why it is necessary to analyze, theoretically and in detail, the process of motivation, too. Different from the specialized psychological works, this essay is to be seen from broader, cultural point of view and it summarizes both the new approaches to the field of motivation and complex and the older thoughts of the great psychologists Carl Gustav Jung, Alfred Adler,...
|
|
Synthesis and the structure-activity relationship study of photosensitizers from azaphtalocyanines group
Musil, Zbyněk ; Doležal, Martin (advisor) ; Hartl, Jiří (referee) ; Lang, Kamil (referee)
We have prepared a number of variously substituted precursors based on pyrazine-2,3- dicarbonitrile, phthalonitrile and quinoxaline-2,3-dicarbonitrile. These substances formed macrocycles and each of them was separated (if possible), purified and sufficiently characterized. In this way were prepared several series of products which were used to elucidate the influence of structural changes on physical and photodynamical properties. We found out that the zinc complexes of azaphthalocyanines which were substituted with bulky groups binding to the macrocycle core via heteroatom of sulphur were the best from the point of view of photodynamical properties. These substances were characterized by high production of singlet oxygen, sufficient photostability, maximum absorption at longer wavelenght and poor aggregation which provides a high-quality incorporation into unilamelar liposomes. Based on aforementioned results we prepared photosensitisers containing one funtional group which could be possibly used as the third generation photosensitisers. By the incorporation of four benzene cores into tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine macrocycle was the absorption maximum shifted to the range of app. 750 nm which is cinsidered as optimal from the point of view of photodynamical effect in living tissues.
|
|
The theoretical exploration of the interactions of dirhodium complexes.
Kovaľ, Tomáš ; Burda, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Záliš, Stanislav (referee)
This work focuses on the study of interactions of the Diaqua-tetrakis(-acetylato)dirhodium(II,II) complex. This complex belongs to compounds of transition metals, which show activity in anticancer treatment. In this work, the interactions of this complex with ammonia and guanine are studied. The interactions with ammonia are represented by a replacement reaction of oxygen from acetyl ligand or aqua ligand. Another reaction is the replacement of water bonded to rhodium by guanine. Guanine can form a bond to rhodium with oxygen O6 or nitrogen N7. Optimization of the structures are made at the DFT level with 6-31G* basis set. For reactions with ammonia transition states were found. NPA charge analyses, thermodynamical and kinetical analyses were performed. All these analyses were done at the DFT level with aug-cc-pvdz basis set. To describe the electronic structure of rhodium atoms pseudopotentials and pseudobasis were used. All calculations were modeled in gas phase.
|
|
Metal Nanoclusters in Zeolite Nanocages: Synthesis and Characterization by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Bastl, Zdeněk ; Spirovová, Ilona
Rhodium and palladium nanoparticles were prepared in zeolites X and Y from ion exchanged metal ammine complexes by thermal decomposition of the complexes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to characterize individual steps of decomposition and growth of metal nanoparticles. Substantial reduction of Pd-tetraammine complex in zeolites by X-ray irradiation leading to inward diffusion of Pd and production of highly dispersed metal has been observed. Autoreduction by heating up to 400 oC resulted in significant decrease of Rh surface concentration and less pronounced decrease of Pd surface concentration. The Pd metal autoreduction occured readily in Y zeolite yielding small nanoclusters of Pd. The shifts of the core level binding energy of metal 3d electrons observed for thermally reduced metals in zeolites were consistent with presence of highly dispersed Rh metal and/or Rh+ and indicated interaction of Pd nanoparticles with zeolite matrix.
|
| |
|
SYNTHESIS OF UNSYMMETRICAL DERIVATES OF AZAPHTALOCYANINES FOR THE THIRD GENERATION OF PHOTOSENSITISERS AND SYNTHESIS OF THEIR PRECURSORS
Šlajsová, Dana ; Zimčík, Petr (advisor) ; Kučerová, Marta (referee)
SYNTHESIS OF UNSYMMETRICAL DERIVATES OF AZAPHTALOCYANINES FOR THE THIRD GENERATION OF PHOTOSENSITISERS AND SYNTHESIS OF THEIR PRECURSORS Slajsova Dana Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Unsymmetrical zinc complexes of azaphtalocyanines (AzaPc) of tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine type with one carboxylic acid (AAAB) were synthesized using statistical condensation of 5,6-bis(tert-butylsulfanyl)pyrazine-2,3- dicarbonitrile (A) with 6-(3-tert-butylsulfanyl-5,6-dicyanopyrazine-2- ylamino)hexanoic acid (B1) or 3-(5,6-dicyano-3-methyl-pyrazine-2- ylsulfanyl)propionic acid (B2). These precursors were chosen because each of them takes advantage of suitable properties to application of AzaPc in photodynamic therapy. These properties are demonstrated in final products too. Bulky tert- butylsulfanyl ensures good monomerisation of planar moleculs of AzaPc in a solution and consequently allows efficient separation and purification. Positive influence of alkylsulfanyl substituent on singlet oxygen production has been already shown earlier. Carboxy group that can be further functionalized (e.g. conjugation with biomolecules) brings into the AzaPc the modifiable moiety. The standard cyclization process with anhydrous zinc acetate was applied....
|
guest ::
