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The study of photodynamic phenomenon on melanom cell lines
KOLÁČKOVÁ, Zdeňka
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical method combining the use of photodynamic active substance and light in presence of oxygen. It extends the treatment possibilities of tumor and non-tumor disorders. It complements surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. An increased accumulation of photosensitive substance in pathological focus is the base of PDT. Subsequent irradiation by light of suitable wavelenght evokes photodynamic reactions leading to formation of reactive oxygen species and to biological answer leading to tumor cells damage. The final effect depends on sensitizer type, its concentration in target tissue and on used source of radiation. Aim of the thesis is to prove photodynamic properties of newly developed photodynamic active substance phtalocyanin CIAIPcS2 and possibilities of its usage to induce photodynamic phenomenon in melanom cells. Owing to absorption of light in sensitizer the formation of excited states happens, and then the excited form of sensitizer reacts directly with substrate. During this reaction free radicals of substrate form or transfer of energy from sentitizer to oxygen and formation of highly reactive singlet oxygen happen. Free radicals, especially radicals of lipid components of cell membranes, are the major cause of tumor destruction. Fruitfulness of PDT depends not only on type of sensitizer and level of oxygen in tumor cell but also on used light source. Luminiscence diodes (LEDs) were used as the source of light. Formation of ROS after PDT was detected with the help of fluorescent molecular probe CM-H2DCFDA on spectrofluorimeter Synergy HT and on fluorescent microscope Olympus IX 81 with image analysis. According to our results the production of ROS depends on concentration of sensitizer CIAIPcS2 and the radiation dose. We proved that the sensitizer CIAIPcS2 is suitable photodynamic active substance and evokes photodynamic phenomenon in tumor cells.
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Influence of Non-vertical Echoes to Ionogram Scaling
Kouba, Daniel ; Koucká Knížová, Petra
Digisonde DPS 4 replaced the older ionosonde IPS 42 KEL Aerospace in the Observatory Pruhonice in January 2004. Additional information about the wave polarization enables us to determine and to distinguish exactly between ordinary and extraordinary wave traces on the ionogram records. This new ability basically changes scaling of the ionograms comparing to the ionograms obtained by classical ionosondes. Digisonde measurements show that in some cases the interpretation of ionograms based on classical ionospheric soundings may lead to the systematic errors, which affect classical ionograms interpretation. We demonstrate possible significant misinterpretations of the ionograms obtained using the classical equipment that is not able to distinguish between ordinary and extraordinary modes and records only time of flight of the electromagnetic sounding pulse. We show the necessity to be careful in using an old ionosonde measurements and scaled data for further analysis.
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Nursing care of children with selected visual impairments.
DĚDIČOVÁ, Kristýna
The sense of sight is considered to be the fundamental human sense which enables us to perceive three quarters of all impulses and information that we need for our life. Sight is the only sense through which we can accept optical effect. The connection between sight and the central nervous system is equally as complicated as the function of the sense organ itself. A considerable deterioration in quality of sight, or complete loss, always results in a considerable impact on a human life. The theoretical part of this work will concisely analyse the anatomical and physiological aspect of visual perception as well as the characterization of the selected visual handicaps: strabismus, refraction errors (hyperopia, myopia) and blindness. The objects of this work are patients in the children's age, who suffer from the above mentioned handicaps. In consideration of the child's age, nursery care becomes even more difficult with younger patients. The theoretical sections reviewing nursery care are striving to summarize the accessible knowledge of the main principles of care in these particular branches of nursery, whilst the focus of the theoretical section of the report as well as the following research lays in nursery care within children's hospitalization. From the qualitative point of view, problems involved with the care for children with light visual impairment are distinctively separated from those associated with the care for a child with serious impairment. Two objectives were set for this bachelor work: to investigate the specifics of nurse care for visually impaired children at a children's ophthalmology clinic and the approach taken by nurses when dealing with visually impaired children at a common paediatric ward. To determine the objectives of the work were structured three main research questions: What are, from the point of view of nurses, the main specifics in nursing care for a child with light visual impairment? What are, from the point of view of nurses, the main specifics in nursing care for a child with a serious visual impairment? What are the differences between nursing care for a child with visual impairments at ophthalmology clinic and common pediatric ward? In the research section has been applied a qualitative form of the research survey. The qualitative research survey was conducted by the method of semi-structured interview which enabled the respondents to accent particular problems according their own discretion. The open encoding method was used in the processing of the research survey and for the analysis of interviews with nurses. The research survey was being conducted in two hospitals: in Fakultni Nemocnice Motol (Faculty Hospital in Prague - Motol) at its ophthalmic ward for children and adults, and in Nemocnice Pisek (County Hospital in Pisek Town) at a paediatric ward. Five nurses were interviewed at each hospital. According to statements by nurses employed at the hospital in Pisek, it is evident, that the issues of visually impaired children do not constitute a statistical serious problem, when compared to the other definable groups of paediatric patients. Results of the research survey confirm that the main requirement for the care of visual impaired children is a need for permanent communication. The benefit of this bachelor work for a practice of a nurse who works at ordinary paediatric ward could be considered the opportunity to get acquainted with theoretical as well as practical possibilities which are available at the specialized ward at clinic hospital in Prague - Motol. The theoretical section of this work could be used as a reference material for supplementary studies in the branch of treatment for visually impaired child patients.
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Analysis of Iron-Phosphorus Reaction Products Formation During Heat Treatment Processes
Skoumalová, Zuzana ; Jan, Vít (referee) ; Doležal, Pavel (advisor)
During high pressure pulsation tests repeated cracks of CP3. housings occur. High pressure pump CP3 is part of injection system Common Rail. Cracks can be caused by segregation of phosphorous from a washing medium on grain boundaries during subsequent heat treatment process. The present master´s thesis focuses on analysis of phosphorous compounds on specimen surface made from steel 20MnCr5, which were soaked in solutions with different concentration of phosphorous. Master’s thesis is also focused on potencial influence of phosphorous on structure and properties of this material. The first part of the thesis provides a summary of current knowledge in the studied field, experimental results can be found in the second part. The surface analysis XPS, the light microscopy, the scanning electron microscopy equipped by energy dispersive chemical analysis, the glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, the methods of the phase analysis by means of the X-ray diffraction and impact test were used.
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Christian democratic political parties in Lutheran "Baltoscandia": a comparison in light of the secularization thesis
Hejzlar, Štěpán ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Kučera, Rudolf (referee)
The submitted diploma thesis deals with Christian Democratic political parties in the political systems of Scandinavian and Baltic countries of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Estonia and Latvia. These parties form a unique "Nordic" branch of European political Protestantism; and structurally and functionally distinctive, but to a great degree homogenous, subgroup of Christian democracy. A major theoretical tradition to be applied is the Rokkanian party system analysis. Contrary to its counterparts on the continent, the Nordic branch grew not from a church-based defence stance against a secular state, but from both territorial and religious dissent on the periphery. The "cultural periphery" analysis relies heavily on history and geography of religion of the Nordic countries. However, other theoretical perspectives are taken as well in order to compare different aspects of the parties' affiliations and policies, such as their cabinet policies, ideology or EC/EU attitudes. In another chapter, possibilities and limits of Christian democracy in the Lutheran environment of Latvia and Estonia are examined. Is Scandinavian experience portable? Or are there other ways of Christian political mobilization used in the public spheres of the two Baltic countries? A similar theoretical framework is applied,...
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Optimization of thin films of metal oxide materials
Vítek, Jiří ; Šimonová, Lucie (referee) ; Šubarda, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the description of the method of reactive sputtering of thin films. Currently, there are many ways how to create thin films and there are many applications of thin films in various industrial sectors. In this paper at the first are listed the issue of thin films, followed by an overview of the deposition techniques and of the chemical analysis of deposited thin films. It also describes the four-point measurement method of sheet resistance, mechanical test of adhesion and optical properties. At the end of the theoretical part are described the material composition of the deposited films. The goal of the practical part is to optimize the deposition process of the mixed layer of indium tin oxide (In2O3: SnO2) and contribute to the overall understanding of the influence of annealing on the layer. There were created six series of samples with that applied layers. First, the work focused on examining of the influence of annealing on the throughput in the whole measuring range, and then comparing the series due to the transmittance in the visible light spectrum. Furthermore were compared the value of sheet resistance of unannealed and subsequently annealed samples.
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Synthesis of Aluminosilicate Systems Based on Alkali Activation of Industrial By-Products
Kalina, Lukáš ; Rovnaníková, Pavla (referee) ; Škvára, František (referee) ; Havlica, Jaromír (advisor)
Portland cement-based products are the most commonly used building materials. However, it is well known that the production of OPC not only consumes a significant amount of natural resources and energy but also releases high quantity of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. Purpose of this work is to develop new cementitious material similar to Portland cement-based concrete, which is convenient in terms of energy and is environmental-friendly at once. This work presents preparation, composition and properties of inorganic aluminosilicate polymer, called geopolymer, synthesized from blast furnace slag and fly ash, activated by sodium hydroxide and cement kiln dust. Study of the microstructure was based on SEM-EDX-WDX, TG-DTA-EGA and XRD analysis.
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Analysis of Thick Film Amperometrical Sensors Signal and Its Usage for Measurement and Characterization of Enzymes
Ondruch, Vít ; Kizek, René (referee) ; Masojídek,, Jiří (referee) ; Vrba, Radimír (advisor)
V práci je popsán princip synchronní detekce (SD), který byl uplatněn při měření s biosenzory. Metoda SD umožňuje dosažení výrazně lepšího poměru signálu k šumu, vyššího limitu detekce a celkové zlepšení robustnosti měření. Uplatnění SD při měření s biosenzory umožní zlepšit analýzu jeho odezvy a umožní odstranění nežádoucích interferencí nebo šumů, které mohou být způsobeny například mícháním roztoku, elektromagnetickými vlivy nebo parazitními proudy. SD také umožňuje rozložit získaný signál na odezvu stimulace a na dlouhodobý signál jiného procesu, a dále také identifikovat jevy druhého řádu. Pro identifikaci stimulačního signálu ve výstupním signálu měření byl na základě lineárního statistického modelu vyvinut specializovaný software. SD byla ověřena na modelovém případu výstupního signálu biosenzoru s aplikovaným komplexem fotosystému II (PSII) a jeho odezvě na stimulaci světlem. Odezva PSII se řídí kinetikou prvního řádu a může být také ovlivněna inhibitory. Kinetické konstanty vazby herbicidu na PSII závisí lineárně na koncentraci herbicidu. To umožňuje jejich měření také při nízkých koncentracích herbicidu.
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Women of town České Budějovice in the light of testaments
MRVKOVÁ, Lucie
The Bachelor thesis "Women of town České Budějovice in the light of testaments" proceses the last wills and the give up the possesion from 14931550, which are deposited in SOkA České Budějovice. Another used source is the town lawcode from Brikcí of Licko, which is editorially processed. The attention is devoted to inheritance and property law of townwomen in default standard. From testaments is made a picture of women in role of women-testators, heiress and trusteers. The thesis includes the ortographic analysis of sources and results of diplomatic analysis of testaments are compared with testaments from another towns. The thesis include selection of edited testaments.
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