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Klinicky významné druhy kvasinek a jejich interakce s hostitelem
Novosadová, Zuzana ; Palková, Zdena (advisor) ; Beranová, Jana (referee)
Pathogenic yeasts are nowadays a serious threat for mammalian host. They can cause dangerous diseases, which in many cases even result in death. Pathogens increase the chances of systemic infections by many virulence mechanisms. Experiments addressing the pathogenhost interactions are crucial for defeating these types of infections within the human body. Host-pathogen interactions are very complex and include all components of multicellular host organism. Recently, scientists have focused on the interaction of the mammalian immune system and pathogenic yeasts in more detail. This work summarises interactions of pathogen with selected host cells, especially with macrophages. Yeast pathogens, especially Candida albicans, are capable of influencing the gene expression in interacting cells. These pathogens are capable of modulating the expression while engulfed inside macrophages and other cells of the immune system. Pathogenic yeasts can also change the overall characteristics of their surrounding environment. C. albicans can sense pH and influence it. Therefore, it can increase its virulence by the changes of pH leading to autoinduction of morphological transitions. This work briefly reviews how selected yeast pathogens influence their surroundings while interacting within the host organism. Deeper...
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Current options for use of metabolomics in plant production
Maršík, Petr ; Vaněk, Tomáš
Metabolomics like other so-called "omics" approaches is based on the characterization and treatment as far as possible in the given dataset biological system. Meaning of each "omics" techniques lies mainly in their mutual integration which leads to the so-called. Systems biology linking output at the level of gene expression, protein translation and file metabolites with genomic data. These relationships are summarized in Fig. 1. The primary goal of systems biology is to understand the biological processes to such an extent that it is possible to predict the function of biological systems from the level of genes through metabolism, physiological processes to growth and development.
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Sledování výskytu patogenů na druzích r. Ribes na lokalitě Modřice
Haba, Jan
This diploma thesis deals with the most significant fungal pathogens Podosphaera mors-uvae, Cronartium ribicola and Drepanopeziza ribis, which can be commonly identified on currants and gooseberries in our climatic conditions. There are descriptions of various pathogens, how they spread and survive throughout the year, preventive defence and possibilities of curative chemical defence are also introduced. The state of attack of the plants by pathogens was monitored and evaluated. 10 cultivars of currants and 10 cultivars of gooseberries were used for this experiment. The most significant occurrence of P. mors-uvae on annual shoots and on fruit was noticed on gooseberry cultivars 'Terno', 'Golden fig', 'Neguš' and 'Industrie' and on currant cultivars 'Favorit' and 'Junifer'. On the other hand, gooseberry cultivars 'Kaptivátor' and 'Prima' and currant cultivars 'Titania' and 'Detvan' were not attacked. The heaviest occurrence of C. ribicola was recorded on gooseberry cultivar 'Karát', 'Kaptivátor' and 'Karmen' which were defoliated as a result of the pathogen attack. From currants, the heaviest attack was noted on cultivars 'Othelo', 'Titania' and 'Nigra'. The occurrence of D. ribis was slightly noticable on gooseberry cultivars 'Karmen', 'Karát', 'Prima' and 'Invicta'. In terms of currants, the most severe occurrence was logged on cultivar 'Jonkher van Tets'.
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Wind resource assessment for selected sites in the territory of the Czech Republic – first series
Hanslian, David
This set of studies analyses the wind conditions and expected wind power production at selected sites in the Czech Republic. At first, the calculation of wind conditions by VAS/WAsP 1, VAS/WAsP 2 and PIAP models is performed. Based on the comparison and analysis of model results, the generalized wind climate pertaining to the assessed site is estimated. The final results are calculated by WAsP model using this generalized wind climate. The expected wind power production of proposed wind turbine or wind farm is calculated as well as the map of simulated average wind speed and potential wind turbine production over the surrounding area. The uncertainty analysis is performed as well. This set consists of 7 partial reports.
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Wind resource assessment for selected sites in the territory of the Czech Republic – following series
Hanslian, David
This set of studies analyses the wind conditions and expected wind power production at selected sites in the Czech Republic. At first, the calculation of wind conditions by VAS/WAsP 1, VAS/WAsP 2 and PIAP models is performed. Based on the comparison and analysis of model results, the generalized wind climate pertaining to the assessed site is estimated. The final results are calculated by WAsP model using this generalized wind climate. The expected wind power production of proposed wind turbine or wind farm is calculated as well as the map of simulated average wind speed and potential wind turbine production over the surrounding area. The uncertainty analysis is performed as well. This set consists of 8 partial reports.
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Biology of gall wasps (Diplolepis spp.) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in palearctic region
Vitáček, Jakub ; Janšta, Petr (advisor) ; Holý, Kamil (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focussed on description of biology of gall wasps from the genus Diplolepis spp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in the palearctic region with the emphasis on some interesting phenomenons in their life cycle. These wasps induce galls obligatory on roses (Rosa spp.) and are widely distributed in the holarctic region. Many authors focussed on research of parasitoids, which use wasps larvae as food source. It was also recognized that inquilines lost their ability to induce own galls. However, their development is still dependent on galls tissues, because they feed on cells within galls. Rose gall wasps reproduce mostly without any mating. Female lay unfertilized eggs and males are very rare. Recently, development of modern techniques enable authors to study infection by bacteria of the genus Wolbachia and its role in the wasps parthenogenetic development. It is also apparent difference between the levels of our knowledge about individual species in this bachelor thesis. We have relative rich knowledges about European rose gall wasps, on the other hand biology of some Asian species is still very poor.
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Evolution of molecular interaction between host and parasite
Bílková, Barbora ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Synek, Petr (referee)
Coevolution between host and parasite is a long-term object of scientific interest, mostly because of negative influence of parasites and human need to defend against it., The evidence concerning host-parasite coevolution mechanisms is, however, still incomplete and various models and theories are considered separately, out of the general concept. Beside generally well-known theories such as the "Red queen" theory or the coevolution "arms race" theory, several other models were proposed, e.g. the "gene for gene" model or the "matching allele" model, which describe detailed aspects of host-parasite coevolution and principles of genetic variability maintenance in their interaction. Although there are many studies mapping reciprocal evolution of hosts and parasites, the connection between empirical evidence and theoretical models is often missing. Therefore, this thesis covers theory on host-parasite evolutionary interactions and provides examples of host-parasite systems and molecules, which correspond to behavior of described models.
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Actin nucleation in plant cell
Schiebertová, Petra ; Schwarzerová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Cvrčková, Fatima (referee)
The ability of plant cells to nucleate actin is important especially for dynamic of intracellular movements of organelles and vesicles, cell structure and growth organization and coordination of endo- and exocytosis . Actin nucleation means the development of new actin filaments from G-actin. Actin associated proteins - Arp2/3 complex and formins serve for this purpose. Arp2/3 complex polymerizes new "daughter " filament from the side of the "parent" filament at an angle of 70 degrees and after the nucleation remains at minus end of filaments, thus inducing branching of filaments. Nucleation by Arp2/3 complex further requires nucleation promoting factors - NPFs. Deletion of subunits of Arp2/3 complex is often lethal in animal cells. On the other hand, deletion results in rather mild phenotype in plants. Formins catalyze the formation of direct actin fibers and remain on the plus end of the fiber after nucleation. There are multiple isoforms of formins in plants than in animals, which suggest an important role of formins in plants. New actin nucleators Cobl, Lmod, Spire, JMY and APC containing WH2 (WASP homology 2) domain were identified in non-plant cells. This type of actin nucleation was not described in plants. Kew words: Actin, Arp2/3 complex, formins, Scar/WAVE, Cobl, Lmod, Spire
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Coevolutionary Algorithms Statistical Analysis Tool
Urban, Daniel ; Zachariášová, Marcela (referee) ; Drahošová, Michaela (advisor)
This bachelor thesis contains a theoretical basis that introduces evolutionary algorithms, genetic programming, coevolutioanary algorithms and methods for statistical evaluation. Furthermore, this work deals with the design and implementation of tool with graphical user interface, which allows the analysis of coevolutioanary algorithm for various parameters and also its statistical evaluation. The functionality of the implemented tool has been tested on data obtained from an external program performing evolutionary design of image filters with the use of the coevolution of tness predictors. The resulting graphs and statistics allow easy comparison of the progress and results for each program run.
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