|
Explant cultures of Higher plants 30
Krajčová, Veronika ; Dušková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Spilková, Jiřina (referee)
Krajčová V.: Explant cultures of Higher plants 30. Diplom Paper, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, 2007, p. 62 This work aimed at biotransformation of exogenous precursor of arbutin - hydroquinone with in vitro cultures of Datura meteloides D. C. ex Dunal. Into the medium was added precursor of arbutin hydroquinone in the concetrations 100 mg/ l and 200 mg/ l. The cull was operated after 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 hours (1 week). The cultivationes of calluses prosecuted in the light, on the liquid medium MS [10] with addition 2, 4-diclorfenoxyacetic acid (1ml/ l) on the filter - paper bridge. Positiove resultes was obtained (TLC and HPLC analysis) in produktion of arbutin in all bridging cultures in both concetrationes (100 mg/ l, 200 mg/ l). The concentration of arbutin increased with the period of cultivation by all concetrationes of hydroquinone. The biggist value arbutin by concentration of hydroquinone 100 mg/ l was obtained by period of cultivation 168 hours, it was 0,41 %. By concentration of precursor 200 mg/ l, maximum value of arbutin 1,09 % was obtained after the biggest period of cultivation 168 hours.
|
|
The Influence on Production of Secondary Metabolits in Tissue Culture Hypericum perforatum (L.)
Machačková, Jana ; Martin, Jan (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Farmacognosy Candidate Mgr. Jana Machačková Consultant PharmDr. Jan Martin, Ph.D. Title of Thesis The influence on production of secondary metabolits in tissue culture Hypericum perforatum (L.) Using of precursors is one of the biotechnological methods, where precursors are added to the culture medium. Callus and suspensions cultures of Hypericum perforatum L. were used. Fenylalanin and cinnamoyl acid in concentrations 20,0 g/l, 2,0 g/l and 0,2 g/l, resp. 25,0 g/l, 2,5 g/l and 0,25 g/l were used as precursors. The effect of precursors on the production of flavonoids was evaluated after 4, 24 and 168 hours. Cultures were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog medium with addition 2 mg/ml growthing hormon BAP. HPLC method for analysis was used. Generally, the highest increase of flavonoids was made by precursor fenylalanin in concentration B in callus and suspensions cultures. The top in production of quercitrin was detected in suspension cultures after application fenylalanin in concentration C after 168 hours cultivation (from 0,16 % to 0,22 %). Hyperosid was the most increased by fenylalanin in concentration C after 4 hours cultivation (from 0,24 % to 0,35 %). Cinnamoyl acid as precursor is not suitable for increase...
|
|
Healing of cultural varieties paniculate phlox (Phlox paniculata) from nematodes using in-vitro cultures
Nogly, David ; Matiska, Pavel (advisor) ; Augustinová, Ludmila (referee)
Phlox paniculata belongs to the family Poleminiaceae. Phlox paniculata is very important perenial which is used in commons gardens, park landscaping and also to product cut flowers. Although garden phlox are classified as resistant plants to pests and pathogens, they suffer from leaf and stem nematodes of genus Ditylenchus spp. Method eliminating these nematodes from plants for 100 % is still unknown. This thesis investigate the possibility of eliminating nematodes by using explant cultures and creating healthy plants for future mother plants of Phlox paniculata. For this experiment was chosen 10 varieties, 'Aňa Gaganova', 'Blue Paradise', 'Errötense Mädchen', 'Molodost', Igor Talkov', 'Jubilee', 'Laura', 'Mies Copijn', 'Sekret' and 'Winsdor'. These plants were also researched for regeneration of calluses and growing ratio of shoots according to their varietes.
Plants were tested for presence of nematodes Ditylenchus dipsaci by using modified Baermann Technique. All varietes of Phlox paniculata were grown in greenhouse and all of them were tested. For experiment were chosen leaf segments measuring 0,5 - 1 cm2 and the cultivation took place on MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) + 30 g sucrose, pyridoxine 0,5 mg. l-1, thiamine 0,5 mg. l-1, glycine 2 mg. l-1 , nicotinic acid 0,05 mg. l-1. Leaf segments were placed to MS medium enriched by 1,5 mg . l-1 TDZ (Thidiazuron) and 0,5 mg . l-1 IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid). Callus regeneration at the level of plant growth regulators was almost fully vertified during this experiment. Best results were obtained from follow varieties 'Aňa Gaganova', 'Blue Paradise', 'Errötense Mädchen' and 'Molodost'. These results were also obtained from repeated experiment. Positive influence of controlled conditions to growing shoots and callus regeneration was also proved. Explants which were grown in controlled conditions reached higher efficiency on average 0,33 shoots per callus.
By successful recovery of the plants from pests Ditylenchus dipsaci using explantate cultures, it was verifed the initial hypothesis, where resulting explants are transferred to ex-vitro conditions were 100 % pest free. Although, callus cultures grown on MS medium of 1,5 mg . l-1 TDZ and 0,5 mg . l-1 IAA showed some degree of nematode occurrence during testing, consequent passage eliminated the remaining population of nematodes.
|
|
Floricultural utilization of Dionaea muscipula and its in vitro culture
Danko, Jiří ; Augustinová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Lucie, Lucie (referee)
This work focuses on the proper foundation of the Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula Ell.) culture under in vitro conditions. The hypothesis of this paper is that the solution of Savo containing sodium hypochlorite will be able to sterilize effectively seeds of Flytrap without damaging them at certain concentrations.
This experiment was founded in three repetitions in two locations - in the Prague Botanical Garden, where one repetition was founded, and at the Department of Horticulture at the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, where two more repetitions were founded.
The seeds were treated in five solutions of Savo Original namely concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 % with the addition of soaking agent Trend 90 and planted on 1/2 MS medium where plants were grown for 4 months and then transplanted on the same medium for another 4 months. Cultivation was carried out under light conditions 16 hours of light, 8 hours of dark.
During the cultivation the formation of contamination was monitored after the foundation of the culture, and also the number of germinated seeds and the number of plants with developed phyllomae. Also the qualitative appearance and the mass of plants were evaluated.
The results show that all solutions of Savo are effective enough for sterilizing seeds for in vitro culture. Influence of individual solutions on the development of germination is statistically significant at two solutions - 15 and 20% solutions of Savo. In these solutions, the development of germination is much faster than the other. On the final number of germinated seeds nor the mass of plants, these 2 solutions didn't have a statistically significant effect.
During cultivation, there were occurred some interesting phenomena - spontaneous multiplication of plants, production of polyphenols, flowering of explants, chlorosis and vitrification of tissues.
After the previous cultivation, the plants were transferred to non-sterile substrates. Variants of substrates were perlite, peat and perlite in the ratio 2:1 and pure peat. Before cultivation, substrates were treated with a fungicide Previcur Energy. High humidity was ensured during the cultivation. For these conditions the mixture of peat and perlit seems to be the most suitable because of minimum losses.
|
|
Vliv velikosti a expozice holiny na růst kultur douglasky tisolisté
Janoušková roz. Schindlerová, Hana
The aim of the study was to determine the effect on the growth of the cultures after the second growing year (coverage) and exposure of clearcuts, seed time and type of used planting material.Totally was measured on four areas - high fence (60x70 m), chopped (25x70 m), underplanting and the large calamity clearcuts. There were represented four different provenance and they were with or without modification of the root system, which were planted in six different dates (spring - autumn). Monitoring and evaluation were especially following features: losses, length of aboveground, increase of the terminal, root collar thickness, length and number of branches, length of needles, color of assimilation system, damage by biotic and abiotic factors. The results of my thesis confirmed that it is best to Douglas fir planted on small regenerative elements with adequate cover of surrounding vegetation. These areas register lower losses and higher increment of above-ground parts. The best planting date is in early spring. It also has confirmed great variability in the requirements for each provenance and Douglas sensitivity to drought. Effect of modification of the root system appears to be minimal.
|
|
Vliv buřeně na odrůstání kultur douglasky tisolisté
Miksánek, Ondřej
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of weed growing up on Douglas fir cultures using different methods of protection against weeds. There were used several methods as: whole surface trimming, trimming in stripes, individual trimming, trampling, whole surface herbicide application, trimimming the grass blades to a height level. As a control area was chosen an area with no treatment against the forest weeds. The research was carried out on forest property LHC Horáková, set of forest types 5H. In the spring of 2012 was established a research area, which was divided into seven parts, each part for a different kind of protection against forest weeds. On each plot were planted approximately 200 individuals of Douglas fir. For seedlings were evaluated the following criteria: length of the aboveground parts, terminal increment, replacing of the terminal shoot by lateral shoot, thickness of the root collar, the occurrence of tress with fork trunk shape, multiple top, trunk straightness, canopy shape, color of needles, length of needles, crown base height and damage of tree by biotic and abiotic factors and total losses. There was also examined the effect of treatment against weeds on soil moisture, sunlit of seedlings on individual plots, the species composition of weed on individual plots and the influence of different intervention against weeds on the chemical composition of the assimilation apparatus. It was found out that Douglas fir exibits the greatest terminal increment on area without treatment, and after three years of research achieving an average height of 121.7 cm. But seedlings on this plot have weaker root collar (15.61 mm) and also have relatively high slenderness ratio. The strongest root collars are at the end of the research identified on a plot with individual trimming - 19.71 mm, at the same time the seedlings have comparable terminal increment to that area without any treatment (119.7 cm). The least suitable way to protect against forest weeds after three years of research, was found out herbicides treatment, because it showed the worst results. The best way in contrary seems individual trimming.
|
|
Studium složení kultivačních médií pro množení odrůd meruněk metodou in vitro
Kadlecová, Eliška
In vitro reproduction represents a vegetative way of multiplication, in which small disinfected pieces of plant (explants) are cultivated in a nutritious medium in sterile conditions in order to gain whole new plants. This method, also called micropropagation, is often used for research purposes and more and more often for commercial applications too. This work studies nutritious media for apricots. For Prunus armeniaca cultivars best described media are for bud and embryo cultures. Many different media were tested and it was shown that every cultivar of apricot has its own requirements of nutrition and growth regulators. In this work you can find descriptions of many successfuly used media for apricots along with responses of various cultivars to them.
|
|
Exogenní a endogenní faktory tvorby cibule u česneku kuchyňského v podmínkách in vitro
Staňková, Zuzana
In this thesis the study of effects exogenous and engoenous factors on garlic (Allium sativum L.) plats in vitro was done. Species 'Lukan', 'Lan', 'Bjetin', 'Slavin' a 'Havran' were observed with their reactions to growth regulators added to MS medium with 0,5 mg.l-1 2iP, 0,2 mg.l-1 NAA - variants with PP 333, ABA, CEPA and increased sucrose content. During the growth of the plant, ethylene, ethane and CO2 concentrations in culturing bulbs were determined and plant growth was monitored, namely bulb creation and mass increase. At the end of the experiment, the stability of donor plant and explant was verified using DNA markers in 'Lan' and 'Lukan' species.
|
|
Abiotické stresy v podmínkách in vitro u podnoží révy vinné
Dvořáková, Vladimíra
The bachelor thesis deals with the effects of abiotic stress on grapevine rootstocks - the impact of water deficit and increased content of lime in the soil . The first part described the history of rootstocks and their tolerance to different stress factors . The following section describes selected abiotic stresses and their effects on plants and a chapter on the cultivation of plants in vitro. Experimental part consists of experiments in vitro with less tolerants rootstock to drought ' Kober 125 AA' and ' less tolerant rootstock to the higher content of lime'Börner '. Sufficient plant in vitro cultures were obtained only with rootstock Kober 125 AA, which was used for the experiment simulating stress. In the course of the experiment were measured plant responses to stress - concentration of ethylene, ethane , CO2, in the culture vessel during the observation of plants, at the end of the experiment was determined by fluorescence of chlorophyll , plants axis length , weight and plant chlorophyll and carotenoids.
|
|
Explant cultures of Higher plants 28
Lukášková, Martina ; Dušková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Spilková, Jiřina (referee)
Lukášková, M.: Higher plants tissue cultures 28. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 2007. A biotransformation possibility of the tissue culture Centella asiatica (L.) was studied. These cultures were added the precursors of arbutin: hydoquinone, tyrosine, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid into the medium. The precursors were used in a concetration of 100 mg/l and the period of their action was 6, 12, 24, 48 and 168 hours. Positive results (both TLC and HPLC) in arbutin production were obtained in the suspension culture after an addition of hydroquinone. The largest amount of arbutin was achieved after a week's cultivation with hydroquinone (0,0429%).
|
guest ::
