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Unit for utilization of contaminated biomass for energy production
Votava, Jakub ; Broukal, Jakub (referee) ; Kropáč, Jiří (advisor)
The purpose of the thesis is to create preliminary design calculations to determine dimensions, weights and pressure losses of individual contaminated biomass combustion gas treatment nodes. The first part of the thesis deals with the definition of biomass as a fuel, legislative determination of allowed emissions and their description. Then the systems for combustion gas treatments are discussed given their brief description. The practical part focuses on shape designs, determining base dimensions of each type. Weights and pressure losses of individual versions are computed too. In the last part the individual versions are solved with real values and compared to each other.
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Methods of carbon dioxide emission reduction
Mališ, Jan ; Kermes, Vít (referee) ; Bébar, Ladislav (advisor)
Master's Thesis is focused on production of CO2 from fossil fuels combustion and the methods of CO2 emission from fossil fuels combustion reduction, resp. pre-combustion and post-combustion separation of CO2. Recapitulation of world consumption of primary energetic resources and carbon dioxide production as a result of theirs combustion in years 1971 - 2006 was made using a number of information sources. Whilst combustion o fossil fuel is related with production of CO2, calculation of emission rate of CO2 from fossil fuels (natural gas, crude oil and coal) was demonstrated. The Case Study of energy and material balances of gas turbine cycle with synthesis of methane from CO2 and from hydrogen which is produced in water splitting was made, using CHEMCAD software.
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Surveying Conditions for the Creation of Clusters Making full use of Local Renewable Resources in various Regions
Macková, Eva ; Syrovátka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Weger, Jan (referee)
My thesis deals with a creating of conditions, which limit or implicate the creation of clusters focused on exploitation of renewable energy in regions. The theoretical part is focused on general issues of clusters, especially their definition, financing and last but not least their function. One part is focused on renewable energy, biomass and the cultivation of fast-growing trees. The thesis also deals with the economic aspects of production of the fast-growing trees. The target of my thesis is to sketch the demandingness of the project and to verify if this project is realizable from the economic aspect. The practical part of my thesis is focused on creating principles and rules for the cultivation of fast-growing trees. This part analyses the summary of revenues, costs and their total appreciation. The final part of my thesis evaluates relevant risks of this project and possible recommendations for the implementation of the successful strategy.
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Modelling, parameter estimation, optimisation and control of transport and reaction processes in bioreactors.
ŠTUMBAUER, Václav
With the significant potential of microalgae as a major biofuel source of the future, a considerable scientific attention is attracted towards the field of biotechnology and bioprocess engineering. Nevertheless the current photobioreactor (PBR) design methods are still too empirical. With this work I would like to promote the idea of designing a production system, such as a PBR, completely \emph{in silico}, thus allowing for the in silico optimization and optimal control determination. The thesis deals with the PBR modeling and simulation. It addresses two crucial issues in the current state-of-the-art PBR modeling. The first issue relevant to the deficiency of the currently available models - the incorrect or insufficient treatment of either the transport process modeling, the reaction modeling or the coupling between these two models. A correct treatment of both the transport and the reaction phenomena is proposed in the thesis - in the form of a unified modeling framework consisting of three interconnected parts - (i) the state system, (ii) the fluid-dynamic model and (iii) optimal control determination. The proposed model structure allows prediction of the PBR performance with respect to the modelled PBR size, geometry, operating conditions or a particular microalgae strain. The proposed unified modeling approach is applied to the case of the Couette-Taylor photobioreactor (CTBR) where it is used for the optimal control solution. The PBR represents a complex multiscale problem and especially in the case of the production scale systems, the associated computational costs are paramount. This is the second crucial issue addressed in the thesis. With respect to the computational complexity, the fluid dynamics simulation is the most costly part of the PBR simulation. To model the fluid flow with the classical CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) methods inside a production scale PBR leads to an enormous grid size. This usually requires a parallel implementation of the solver but in the parallelization of the classical methods lies another relevant issue - that of the amount of data the individual nodes must interchange with each other. The thesis addresses the performance relevant issues by proposing and evaluation alternative approaches to the fluid flow simulation. These approaches are more suitable to the parallel implementation than the classical methods because of their rather local character in comparison to the classical methods - namely the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) for fluid flow, which is the primary focus of the thesis in this regard and alternatively also the discrete random walk based method (DRW). As the outcome of the thesis I have developed and validated a new Lagrangian general modeling approach to the transport and reaction processes in PBR - a framework based on the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the model of the Photosynthetic Factory (PSF) that models correctly the transport and reaction processes and their coupling. Further I have implemented a software prototype based on the proposed modeling approach and validated this prototype on the case of the Coutte-Taylor PBR. I have also demonstrated that the modeling approach has a significant potential from the computational costs point of view by implementing and validating the software prototype on the parallel architecture of CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). The current parallel implementation is approximately 20 times faster than the unparallized one and decreases thus significantly the iteration cycle of the PBR design process.
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Technological, economical and ecological aspects of mist lubrication
Tlapák, Michal ; Sedlák, Josef (referee) ; Píška, Miroslav (advisor)
The assessment of MQL technology application in reaming process was elaborated in this diploma work. The evaluation of energy intensity was carried out in terms of specific cutting force during reaming of austenitic stainless steel work piece by using HSS reamers. The comparison of economic costs in the case of the application of MQL technology in production was made. Confrontation of oil mist removal principles. At the conclusion the evaluation of ecological benefits for the environment and the positive influence on the working environment cleanness was defined.
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Biogas plant design
Kocián, Oldřich ; Pěček, Jan (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on possibility of usage biologically decompostable wastes in the biogas plant. The first part of this thesis describes principal production of the manure gas and as well concrete biogas plants, where are shown different approaches and technologies. The main target of the thesis is based on biogas plant design for manipulation with biologically communal wastes from VUT v Brno and chosen parts of Brno. To the proper design of the biogas plant precede evaluation of accesible wastes from choosen localities. Since we consider wastes from households, the way of collection of those wastes is designed. The thesis also consider economic balance and assesment of the biogas plant. Investment costs are predicted, process costs are evaluated and as well profit from selling of the electric energy is consider, profits from charges for manipulation with wastes and profits from selling of compost.
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An evaluation of economic development of PROZNAK Praha, Ltd.
Kalkusová, Denisa ; Boukal, Petr (advisor) ; Slunčík, Peter (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to evaluate an economic development of PROZNAK Praha, Ltd. since 2008. The theoretically-methodological part will be devoted to the definition of economic and financial analysis and methodology of formulas that will be further applied in the practical part to analyze financial reports. The practical part will provide background and practical information about the presented company with the inclusion of contextualization of industry development. The analyzed company will be put through horizontal and vertical analysis as well as balance rules, followed by chapter dedicated to ratios such as profitability, activity, labor productivity, debt ratios and liquidity. Similarly, phenomena including working capital, ROE decomposition, economic value added, value and bankruptcy models will be analyzed. The detected outcomes will be compared to competition and will help to provide prognosis of economic development of the company. The concluding part will summarize the findings of the dissertation and offer relevant recommendation for future development.
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The study of photodynamic phenomenon on melanom cell lines
KOLÁČKOVÁ, Zdeňka
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical method combining the use of photodynamic active substance and light in presence of oxygen. It extends the treatment possibilities of tumor and non-tumor disorders. It complements surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. An increased accumulation of photosensitive substance in pathological focus is the base of PDT. Subsequent irradiation by light of suitable wavelenght evokes photodynamic reactions leading to formation of reactive oxygen species and to biological answer leading to tumor cells damage. The final effect depends on sensitizer type, its concentration in target tissue and on used source of radiation. Aim of the thesis is to prove photodynamic properties of newly developed photodynamic active substance phtalocyanin CIAIPcS2 and possibilities of its usage to induce photodynamic phenomenon in melanom cells. Owing to absorption of light in sensitizer the formation of excited states happens, and then the excited form of sensitizer reacts directly with substrate. During this reaction free radicals of substrate form or transfer of energy from sentitizer to oxygen and formation of highly reactive singlet oxygen happen. Free radicals, especially radicals of lipid components of cell membranes, are the major cause of tumor destruction. Fruitfulness of PDT depends not only on type of sensitizer and level of oxygen in tumor cell but also on used light source. Luminiscence diodes (LEDs) were used as the source of light. Formation of ROS after PDT was detected with the help of fluorescent molecular probe CM-H2DCFDA on spectrofluorimeter Synergy HT and on fluorescent microscope Olympus IX 81 with image analysis. According to our results the production of ROS depends on concentration of sensitizer CIAIPcS2 and the radiation dose. We proved that the sensitizer CIAIPcS2 is suitable photodynamic active substance and evokes photodynamic phenomenon in tumor cells.
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Biomass energy power plant
Caha, Tomáš ; Ing.Ladislav Pivečka (referee) ; Fiedler, Jan (advisor)
The scope of this diploma thesis is feasibility study of enlargement the current energy source by new technological equipment designed for heat and electric energy production. Technological equipment is designed regarding to capital costs and minimum enviromental effects. In the thesis is described most important aspects for successful design new biomass energy source. The result can be used for investor´s decision making about determination toward investment.
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Comparison of impacts of oil crisis in 70´s on USA automotive industry
Kopřiva, Jaroslav ; Tajovský, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chalupecký, Petr (referee)
The main objective of this work is to prove the hypothesis that the oil shock of the year 1979 didn't have a negative impacts on the US automotive industry. Solution of this hypothesis is not found in the period of the second oil shock, but in the years 1973 and 1974, when the first oil crisis broked out. As a result of its development the United Sta-tes Government was forced to take a number of measures to mitigate their impacts. The-se administrative measures touched not only consumers, but also the energy industry. Using the government's measures laws regulating driving conditions on roads were mo-dified, technological innovations in the automotive industry were financially supported, oil supplies were diversified, an attempt to increase domestic mining was carried out, prices of oil products were regulated. However, those measures couldn't fully manifest in the second oil crisis, because they haven't been completed or haven't worked. The automotive industry had to adapt to new trends and customer requirements for cars with lower fuel consumption and it invested billions of dollars in new technology in the mid 70s. Other changes have taken place in the production and sales strategies to prevent or largely eliminate the sharp falls in sales and production.
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