|
Role of the nurse in screening for depression in the elderly.
VRZALOVÁ, Monika
The diploma thesis deals with problems of depression in older people. Mainly the work is focused on identifying and analyzing the role of nurses in screening for depression in older people in primary care, acute care, long-term care and home care. This thesis was focused on theoretical direction and was used the method of design and demonstration. In this thesis was set one main goals with five research questions. The main goal was to identify and analyze the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly. RQ 1: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 2: What is the role of the nurse in the primary care in screening for depression in the elderly? RQ 3: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in hospitalized patients in acute care? RQ 4: What is the role of the nurse in screening for depression in seniors in long-term and home care? RQ 5: What rating scales and methods are used in screening for depression in the elderly? The thesis introduce the concept of depression. The following are specified the causes of and the important factors that affect depression in the elderly. It also deals the differences in the clinical symptomatology of depression in old age. It explains possibilities and various barriers in the diagnosis of depression. Another chapter introduces complete geriatric examination, diagnostic classification systems, possible screening methods and scales for detection of depression in the elderly population. It also deals methods of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and its possible complications associated with older age. By reason of increased suicide rate caused by depressive disorder the issue of suicidal behavior in the elderly is introduced. The next chapter deals with the nursing process, which is used by nurses in practice. It consists of the evaluation of the patient's health condition, making nursing diagnosis, creating nursing plan and subsequent implementation and evaluation. The nursing process is also needy for providing quality care. The nursing process in the stage of nursing diagnosis, introduces possible nursing diagnosis for a patient suffering from depression, which are based on the latest classification. Finally is described the role of nurses in screening for depression in the elderly in different health facilities and their contribution to the timely evaluation of depression in the elderly. This chapter introduces the role of nurses, nursing screening and collaboration with a physician. The role of nurses in screening for depression in different medical facilities is based on the first phase of the nursing process of assessment. On the basis of objective and subjective information, the nurse will assess the overall health and mental condition of the patient. Primarily, it was investigated what is the role of the nurse in screening for depression. On the basis of content analysis and synthesis it was necessary to used and processed domestic and foreign literature. A number of relevant sources are the results of various studies and Meta-analyzes, mostly from abroad, but also from the Czech Republic. The thesis can serve as a basis for nurses. The result of this thesis is to create e-learning material available for students in the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice in the tutorial called Moodle.
|
|
The role of nurses and their impact on the care of patients with total hip arthroplasty.
SLABÁKOVÁ, Květoslava
Total hip replacement is one of the most extensively and highly effective operating methods in orthopaedics. The patients are brought back the self-sufficiency, life without the pain and noticeably motion restriction. Irreplaceable function here is a role of the nurse, who helps the patient to return back to his common life...The aim of this work was to find out, how the patients feel the role of the nurse and its influence to given nursing care before and after the total hip replacement as the less fulfilled. There were following research questions set: How the patients feel the role of the nurse before and after the total hip replacement? How the patients before and after the total hip replacement feel the interpretation of the nurse roles? How the patients before and after the total hip replacement feel the role of the nurse and its influence to given nursing care. Which of the nurse roles are felt by the patient as the unsatisfactory in postoperative care? The patients before and after the total hip replacement feel through the everyday nurse activities the nurse in her role of the caregiver and education giving person, following the nurse vindicator and the nurse bearer of changes. The patients feel the care thanks these roles as a quality, holistic and continual. Nevertheless was the role of the education giving named as the least fulfilled. In connection with these research results was created a manual, a Guide book for the patients before and after the total hip replacement. This Guide book was given to testing purposes. This Guide book was appreciated by the patients very positive despite a large amount of information, which were surprising for many of them. We gained some data, which gave the impulse to complete the information in the Guide.The created Guide book can´t replace the effective communication of the patient with the medical staff, which could be always the most suitable "source" of information.
|
|
Role of physical activity in the prevention of childhood obesity
VRTALOVÁ, Jana
The thesis deals with physical activity in the prevention of childhood obesity. It is focused on children, namely pupils of the eighth and ninith grades of elementary school. Obesity is responsible for more human lives than both of the world wars and if we want this epidemic of obesity and problems associated with inactivity minimized, we have to start where it is most efficient and that is with children. The main objective is to explore physical activity in a selected group of pupils. Partial aim is to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the investigated group of students using somatometric measurements in the selected location. Another objective is to determine how many of childrens parents did sports in the past or actualy do sports. The final goal is to prepare educational material for students about the importance of physical activity. The work is divided into two parts theoretical and practical. The theoretical part was compiled as a secondary data analysis. Sources of data and information originated from the Czech Republic and abroad in the form of scholarly books, journals and electronic resources. The contents of the theoretical part is focused on explenation of terms such as obesity, its consequences, complications, ways to prevent obesity, physical activity, appropriate kinds of physical activity and its effects on the human body. Distinctive part is the chapter dealing with the myths of obesity some of them are really surprising. The second part is practical part and includes its own research. The investigation was conducted in a primary school Komenského alej in Žatec for pupils of the eighth and ninth grades. File featured 107 pupils. The research was conducted as a quantitative survey complemented by measurements of somatometric indicators. The data were collected using a custom non-standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire contained 14 questions and two columns separated by line for recording the exact weight and height. We checked these data at pre-agreed periods.
|
|
Methodist School-Based Prevention and his Role in Practical Elementary School and Special Elementary School
HAVLÍČKOVÁ, Markéta
The diploma thesis focuses at a theme of Methodology of school prevention and its role at the specialised primary school. The theoretical part is split into four main chapters which refers to the education system of children with need of special educative care in the Czech Republic. It defines socially pathological aspects including risk behaviour with its prevention. The last chapter describes primary prevention at schools using a minimal preventive program and work of a methodologist of school prevention. The practical part contains a quality-type research based on semistructural interviews with methodologists of school prevention at chosen specialised primary schools. The first task of my diploma thesis is to find out what advise parents need and ask for the most. The other task is to find out what aspects a methodologist of school prevention has to take into consideration during issuing a minimal preventive program. The questions have been asked in the way to find out how cooperation at the level of prevention between parents and specialised primary school works, and who else among school staff except of a methodologist participates in the issuing a minimal prevention program. I have contacted sixteen specialised primary schools in the South Bohemia region for the interview. Ten have replied, but only six of them were willing to cooperate further. Two of the schools are located in the regional city, the other four are from smaller cities of similar sizes. Interviews were carried out with methodologists of school prevention and questions were focused at the cooperation at the level of prevention between parents and specialised primary school, and possible influence of location of the school which could be reflected in the minimal prevention program.
|
|
The Motivation as a Leadership
Mudruňka, Jan ; Horáková, Jana (advisor) ; Fiedler, Jiří (referee)
Abstract
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of Motivation as a way of keeping people. In the theoretical part is through the help of key words a reader familiar with the concepts of manager, management the role, management functions, leadership, incentive mechanism, participation, motivation the program benefits.
After getting acquainted with these concepts, which are further developed and properly explained it is compiled by a questionnaire consisting of 13 questions dealing with motivation and benefits in the workplace. The questionnaire is submitted to the selected five managers. The three owners or co- owners private companies, the remaining two are employed in the public sector. With the questionnaire were brought to the attention of the three women and two men.
The individual answers have been commenting and at the end summarized into a single conclusion. From this conclusion it follows that the motivational processes and benefits in individual organisations are set up similarly and that the best motivator is financial reward, or the public praise. Furthermore, it was found: managers prefer individual approach to leadership, a good team and the pleasant environment of the employees want rather than some of the other motivators. Last but not least can from the responses of most managers sense that you may want a the personal development of the employees, but only in a given field. Part of the managers do not agree with the further education of employees due to concerns about competition.
The male part of the managers used a rather shorter sharper the answer to the question, the staff applies a rather authoritative way of leadership, while the female part of the managers was rather longer and more sentence. From the responses it is apparent that women apply to their employees rather democratic style of leadership.
Key words: Manager, managerial role, managerial functions, leadership, incentive mechanism, participation, incentive program, benefits
|
|
Manager role in decision-making processes
Menoušková, Veronika ; Hron, Jan (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
The Thesis deals with the importance of decision-making roles in managerial work. The work consists of two main parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is formed by Literature searches and was drawn up after studying literature. The basic concepts were defined such as management, manager, management role or decision-making process and there was also described the issue of decision-making roles. In these diploma thesis are mentioned the fundamentals of management, managerial functions, roles, leadership styles and how to resolve problems. Literary research forms the theoretical basis for developing own parts. The practical part was prepared under the basis of the research, which was conducted in the selected subject. A questionnaire was prepared for the subordinate of a particular manager. The Questions clarified how subordinates perceived supervisors and their role in decision making. It was examined how often and what problems are solved with the boss, whether the manager creates a friendly environment in the workplace, or whether the manager is interested in the views of subordinates. Simultaneously the manager evaluated himself through a managerial GRID. The responses of both forms of research were compared and then used as the basis for preparation of an overall assessment and to create a conclusion. At the same time it was used as the basis for proposing measures to streamline management. The conclusion summarizes the lessons learned from the evaluation questionnaires and managerial GRID.
|
|
The role of volunteering in NGOs working in the social sector
Tlach, Vladimír ; Varvažovská, Pavla (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
The thesis is thematically focused on the area of volunteering as a modern phenomenon occurring not only in the Czech Republic but in the whole world. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part.
The first, theoretical part, explains the basic theoretical background of the non-governmental sector with an emphasis on volunteer activity in existing non-governmental organisations. The theoretical part also presents the results of the researches of foreign and domestic experts on volunteering on which the research part of the thesis is based.
In the practical part of the thesis are analyzed two non-profit organisations - the Charity Ostrava and Slezská diakonie, which provide social services in the Moravian -Silesian region, and the company Arcelor Mittal, which is actively involved in the field of corporate volunteering. In the research part there are presented outcomes of the field research, which took place in the aforementioned non-profit organisations and the company, but also among public, where it was investigated what people know about non-governmental organisations in their close area, their opinion on volunteering and how they perceive volunteers. The outcomes from a field survey are then compared with foreign and domestic surveys.
The aim of the thesis is to propose possible options for changes in working with volunteers in the non-governmental organisations based on the findings, which could lead to streamlining of their work, an increase of the prestige of the volunteer work and a number of volunteers working in the social sector. Based on the investigation it was found that volunteering is beneficial to everyone involved. It allows an individual to actively participate in society, help others and spend free time in a meaningful way. The obtained findings help to improve volunteer work, identify potential reserves in the individual´s work and prevent possible conflicts.
|
|
The role of communication in the knowledge management
Hudcová, Šárka ; Macák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Tichá, Ivana (referee)
The theoretical part of the dissertation thesis called "The Role of Communication in the Knowledge Management" strives to identify the relationship between communication and knowledge management and results in finding that communication plays a critical role both in implementation of knowledge management and in the phase when knowledge management is implemented. The communication can shape environment for knowledge management as well as can be a tool for knowledge sharing. The research was focused on the situation of implemented knowledge management where the role of communication interferes to both the environment and the knowledge sharing. The research is based on three case studies that describe knowledge communication and its context in three similar successful and recognized organizations. Facts identified in the case studies are analyzed and discussed with experts in the area of personnel management and internal communication. Findings from the empirical research create basis for the design part which is aimed at identifying the way how to leverage the role of communication in knowledge management and how to use it to positively contribute to knowledge management goals. It results in a proposed system of tools of internal communication that supports knowledge communication. The system prefers face-to-face communication but includes also other tools of internal communication. The system is put into a broader context which is built out of knowledge management strategy, organizational culture and internal communication. There are recommendations defined for each of the elements that should support the right function of the knowledge communication. Rules and guidance for the knowledge communication are part of the thesis as well. Everything is based on practice of the researched organizations, was discussed with selected experts and validated with representatives from one of the organizations. The validation ensures feedback indicating practical applicability of the proposed system and defined guidance.
|
|
Bullying in the class
TECLOVÁ, Michaela
The aim of the thesis is to determine the influence of bystanders on bullying. To find out what affects their behavior and what we should focus on when upbringing the children could reduce the rise of bullying and maybe it could even stop its beginning. The theoretical approach of the thesis is general problem of bullying and the reasons for the behavior of its participants. I will describe social roles in bullying, types of bullying and the undeniable importance of the role of bystanders. The practical part describes research in primary schools where the children evaluated an anonymous questionnaire about bullying. According to their responses about the statements in the questionnaire we can determine which of the social roles each children holds and we can learn more about their moral values. For a better, I also separated responses of the boys from the girls and I evaluated them separately.
|
|
The role of immune cells in tumor growth and spontaneous regression in a rat sarcoma model
Kovalská, Jana ; Chmelíková, Eva (advisor) ; Anna, Anna (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to study differences between sexes of rats in tumour growth, the difference in immune response between rats with progressing and spontaneously regressing tumours compared to control rats and verification of immunological memory. We used Lewis rat model with subcutaneously inoculated sarcoma. Peripheral blood of males showed a higher number of red blood cells, a higher concentration of haemoglobin and higher haematocrit compared to females. Experimental females with inoculated sarcoma had higher levels of CD161 (NK) cells at the beginning of experiment in comparison with the experimental and control males and control females. A strong infiltration of NK cells was observed in tissue sections of spontaneously regressing sarcoma compared to progressing tumours tissue. Important factors that can influence if the animal will show tumour progression or spontaneous regression are neutrophil granulocytes (they can induce both tumour-supporting and anti-tumour response), vascularization and extent of necrosis in tumour tissue. We have verified immunological memory in a small group of females by the secondary inoculations of the same tumour cells after complete disappearance of primary, spontaneously regressing tumour. No sarcoma repeatedly evolved in any of the females. Results obtained in the present work brought new insights into the problems of tumour in the Lewis rat sarcoma model with inoculated sarcoma. These results may have significance also for area of clinical oncology due to similarities with the behaviour of some human cancers.
|
guest ::
