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The Use of the Addictive Drugs by the Seniors
KOPAČKOVÁ, Dominika
The bachelor thesis deals with using addictive substances by senior citizens. The age cathegoty 60+ should not be omitted when speaking of using addictive substances. Even senior citizens are users of some addictive substances, especially drugs. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and explorative one. There are four chapters in the theoretical part (Old age and ageing, Substance addiction, Addictive substances and their classification, Usage of addictive substances in the old age) and summarizes the knowledge from recent literature about this topic. First, the old age and ageing are described. This chapter deals with ageing and old age of the human. This work describes the right mental hygiene, too. Multi-factorial manifestation of the old age (biological, psychological and social) is mentioned as well. In the second chapter there are described the factors that increase probability of the addiction origin. These factors can be genetic, biological, and psychological. There are mentioned some system models of the formation, development and maintenance of addiction, dependence and definition of the signs that addiction manifests. The third chapter divides addictive substances between legal and illegal. There are their effects, impacts on the human organism decribed. The group of legal addictive substances are included tobacco, alcohol, drugs and certain foods. Illegal substances represented here by cannabis, hallucinogens, stimulants, opiates. The last fourth chapter focuses directly on the addictive behaviour of the senior citizens. Seniors are also users of substances with addictive potential. At first alcoholism is mapped, other chapters devote addiction to nicotine, drugs and narcotics. The main goal of the thesis is to determine whether seniors use an addictive substance. A partial goal of is to find out the extent and cause of using addictive substances by the senior population. To find out these goals there were used the principles of quantitive research. To collect the data there were used questionnaires, created all by the author. The questionnaires were created with open and closed questiones and used in the printed form. The research has been conducted in Sušice and its close surroundings in February 2015. Respondents were the people with the least age limit of 70 years. These were 40 people living in their households or home for elderly. The results show that also amongst senior citizens can be found those ones who use the addictive substances. Current problem are by the doctor prescribed drugs. Today´s senior citizen uses drugs regularly, very often also combination of more drugs. Seniors often use medication to relieve the pain because the pain occurs more frequently. They use drugs to help them sleep better, too. The next group of addictive substances, which this chapter deals with, are drugs with a shoothing effect. There are smokers between the senior citizens who bare this bad habit from their midlife. Some research shows that cannabis helps people with Parkinson's and Alzheimer´s disease. Seniors do not use cannabis for these purposes because it is not legal. Alcohol is drunk by older people on occassion, on the other hand there are also people who drink such an amount that is not considered as not-risky. Seniors do not drink so much on one occasion, compared to the young generation. In the thesis this problem is described more detailed. Results of the research can be used by lay public to understand issues of addictive substances better. This thesis can be source of information for students of healt-social fields of study and it can improve the awareness about reasons of using addictive substances amongs senior citizens.
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Effect of a graduate of field of study Special Education - tutorship in practice of providers of social care
SALABOVÁ, Jana
Theoretical part of the thesis is divided into 4 main chapters. First one deals with the helping professions generally, their definitions and definition of the Special education - Tutorship branch of study per se.It also briefly touches the subject of readiness of the future graduates to deal effectivelly with the challenges of a career in the field of social services. Chapter number two is called Special education and it defines the subject of special education itself, it's purpose and inner structure. Third chapter focuses on social services. It brings up it's definition and types and forms of social services.It also contains the examples of the institutions which fall into this category and it's providers. Chapter number four, which happens to be the last one in the theoretical part of the thesis, covers the role and purpose of graduates of the special education - tutorship studies. It brings up the definition of a social worker, necessary prerequisites as well as beneficial personality traits and feautures. In a subchapter of chapter four is a short description of a pedagogue tutor. Definition who he actually is, who are proper candidates for this position, what are desired personality traits we look for in tutors and the actual content and purpose of their work in institutions providing social services. The end of chapter four is dedicated to a position of a social worker. His activities, the position and definition of a personal assistant and again personality traits needed for a successful career in this field. The objective of the practical part of the thesis is to describe working of Special education - tutorship studies graduates in practice. Particularly their experiences "from the field", how do they evaluate the level of skill of fresh graduates during their first encounters with the reality, how satisfied are they with their choice of a career so far and what was their motivation to pursue such career. Practical part of the thesis includes qualitative research. To meet the above objectives, data collection technique had been chosen using a structured interview with the respondents, who were graduates of Special education tutorship studies. You can tell by the results of this thesis that graduates in the field of social services apply mostly to lower positions as a social service workers, even though they are qualified to perform as a social workers. The age of clients with whom the respondents work ranges from childhood to senior. The motivation that led those questioned respondents to the decision to choose the area of social services varies. Some reported that they were influenced by the actual practical experience during their studies at the university, when both the work itself and their enthusiasm for the target group played role. Others expressed they had previous experience working with people with disabilities or they just wanted to acquire new experiences. Also, involvement of a family member and their previous education was a motivation. Job satisfaction is evident from observed data, and it also contributes to work done accurately and responsibly. Personal benefits for the respondents according to findings are usually their usefulness at work, new experiences they are getting and last but not least advances of their clients. As the biggest advantage the respondents usually mention variability of their work, target group and the clients in itself and the fact, that their work is highly satisfying and they basically work in a very pleasant team of individuals. On the other hand, not exactly satisfying financial reward and challenging working hours are mentioned as disadvantages. Special education - tutorship studies - the branch they've studied, is by the majority of respondents considered to be beneficial for them and they especially highlight practical impact of practice they completed during their studies and which included visits to various relevant institutions.
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Supervision in psychiatric nursing
RŮŽIČKOVÁ NEUŽILOVÁ, Michaela
Basic theoretical background The theoretical part of the thesis explores the issue of supervision and focuses on psychiatric nursing. It is divided into several parts. The first part is focused on supervision, briefly characterizes supervision as such, then it describes its divisions, functions and methods. It also explores the participants of supervision, the agreement on supervision, transcultural supervision and Balint groups. The following part describes historical development of psychiatric nursing, briefly presents the personality of Joyce E. Travelbee. In the conclusion of the theoretical part of the thesis the problems of education and competence of nurses in psychiatric care are introduced, marginally mentioning the Turku declaration. The aim of the work The main aim of the thesis is to investigate the awareness of nurses working in psychiatric care of the clinical supervision options. The task of the second objective is to find out the opinion on supervision of nurses working in psychiatric care. The third objective is focused on means to assist nurses working in psychiatric care in their personal development and growth within their practices. The purpose of the fourth objective is to find experience with supervision of nurses working in psychiatric care. The methods used Qualitative investigation was chosen for the empirical part of the thesis. The method used for data collection was in the form of semi-structured interview. The interviews with the respondents were taken down using a voice recorder and transcribed, qualitative data was then analyzed by pencil and paper encoding technique and semantically organized into 27. groups of categorization. The selection of a research sample was intentional, consisting of twelve nurses working in psychiatric care in the Czech Republic. Results The research focused on nurses who do not have personal experience with supervision revealed that they have certain awareness of the supervisory process, however not quite sufficient to be able to describe the nature and function of supervision in its entirety. Their knowledge is rather theoretical. They understood supervision as help to solve disharmonious relationships in the workplace, as well as it could improve communication skills of the nurses, it would also assist in dealing with crisis intervention and prevent burnout syndrome. The results regarding nurses who do not participate in the supervisory process clearly indicated that they have insufficient support and the opportunity for both their professional and personal growth in their workplace, while this important could be solved by supervision. The research, which covered only nurses who have had personal experience with supervision and regularly participate in it, showed that their knowledge and skills related to the supervision process are quite sufficient to be able to understand and use supervision practically in the whole range. These nurses sees supervision as a benefit that would allow them not only to understood themselves, but also to learn how to manage challenging situations that are a part of their profession. Supervision gives them confidence, provides support and teaches them to deal with people who are part of their work process. Supervision has become a tool for preventing burnout and showed them how to use their own potential effectively. Conclusion This thesis is focused on the use of supervision in psychiatric nursing. Working with mentally challenged patients is very demanding, therefore supervision plays its justified role there. If you do not know yourself and you are not able to solve your own problems, you can never effectively and comprehensively address the problems of others, who are often desperately waiting for your help. The results will be presented at professional seminars designed not only to nurses working in psychiatric care.
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Coping strategies in children´s fear and pain in relation to nursing care
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Zuzana
For the nurse, taking care of hospitalized children is important not only pediatric nursing knowledge, personal and social preconditions, but also the theoretical and practical competency of methods and techniques, which are used for identification and effective influencing of pain and fear. The aim of this thesis was to identify the main sources of fear of the hospitalized preschool and young school age children and to find out the effective methods and principles of the cooperation with children, alternatively with their accompanying parents in order to moderate the fear of the small patient. Then the thesis tried to chart the nursing diagnostic and evaluation procedure of the pain and get the most used nursing methods of non-pharmacological pain relief. To obtain the necessary data, the qualitative research was used with a semi-structured interview as a research instrument. The first research group consisted of 12 nurses, the second group consisted of 12 children ´s patients of preschool and young school age. The majority of the asked nurses thinks, that children´s patients are afraid especially of non-familiar environment, then of the awaited pain and of the solitude without parents. However, the most patients said, that they were afraid especially of pain, then of non-familiar environment, restriction of their needs, hostile attitude of the medical staff and of the other neighbouring patients. They were also frightened of the death and of the darkness. Most reported nurses mean, that the most effective solution of the children ´s fear is the friendly attitude of the medics. They also mentioned the fact of taking the focus off the fear and the presence of the parents is also beneficial. The nurses ´ answers were in conformity with patients opinion in two fields - friendly attitude of the medics and taking the focus off the fear. Then the children mentioned abiding of their specifics in connection to falling asleep and the demand of beying treated by the same sister or by few same sisters. All respondents also talked about the benefit of parents presence. Regarding the principles of the cooperation, nurses answered the importance of united medical procedures, especially the proper way of information transfer. Then the respondents nurses mentioned the psychical and emotional support for children and their accompaniments, the atmosphere of confidence and the value of well done education. Also the need of calm, silence and privacy was stated. Unlike nurses, children and their parents regarding to principles of the cooperation prefer the psychical and emotional support, then the importance of enough information was mentioned. The fourth research question bears on the methods used for children pain monitoring. The nurses said, that the intentional interview with the patients or with the parents was used as a main technique, that was stated by patients as well. Research question number five said: What are the most used nursing methods of non-pharmacological pain relief at children? Most responded nurses mentioned the distraction of children attention from the painful incentive, then the importance of physical methods, relief position and purposeful preparation for the unpleasant intervention. Nurses also named the helpful contribution of the parents, relaxing exercises and the method of imagination. Regarding the pain treatment, it was noted, that all patients prefered the analgesic therapy. Then they quoted the distraction of their attention from the painful incentive, the friendly attitude of the medics, using the ice compress and the relief position. In the pain acute phase, children required mostly calm, comfort and privacy. All children also considered the presence of parents as very helpful. The theoretical and empirical part of the thesis are suitable for being studied by nurses taking care of children and it can be helpful for nursing quality improvement at children ´s wards in hospitals.
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The need for security and safety in connection with a planned surgery with the patient's perspective and nurses
BOHDALOVÁ, Jaroslava
A planned operation performance always affects patient´s needs for assurance and safety. It is important to provide necessary information connected with the planned operation performance itself so that the patient can feel assure and safe. The key role for the patient and her/his needs for assurance and safety is in general nurse´s hands because she is the closest person to the patient and can help to inspire her/his needs for assurance and safety with konfidence best through the aid of her knowledge and skills that she should have as well as through the aid of her attitudes. The target of the thesis was to find out how a planned operation performance affects patient´s needs for assurance and safety and how a general nurse inspires patient´s needs for assurance and safety connected with a planned operation performance with confidence. The following research questions were stated: How does a planned operation performance affect patient´s needs for assurance and safety? How does a general nurse affect patient´s needs for assurance and safety connected with a planned operation performance to inspire her/him with confidence? What is insufficient in filling patient´s needs for assurance and safety before a planned operation performance? How can a general nurse help a patient control her/his fear and state of anxiety related to a planned operation performance? The method qualitative research with the use of depth interview was used to figure out the investigation. The respondents were willing to record the interview which were verbally rewritten and then subjected to the contents analysis by the method paper and pencil. From the research it is clear that a planned operation performance affects patient´s needs for assurance and safety in a negative way disregarding to her/his previous experience. Patient´s worries and negative feelings can be eliminated by a general nurse who treats her/him as equal, taking up an individual approach, informing her/him about all performances and proceedings, having a calming and welcoming way of communication, using empathy and listening as well as trying to meet patient´s wishes according to her possibilities. The research reveals the advantage of patients´ readiness for planned operation performances. Patients can learn it in the framework of educational proceeding in the out-patients´ department at the same time when they learn that they are going to be operated. The research also shows that general nurses do not have enough knowledge in the sphere of therapeutical communication. The results indicate that it would be suitable to start educating patients as soon as it is known how their disease will be solved and treated in order to reduce the negative impact of surgical treatment to patients´ needs for assurance and safety. General nurses should complete their knowledge and skills to be able to help patients to cope with their difficult life-situation. On the basis of the research investigation and after the consultation with the senior nursing officer, the training course will be organized. The topic of the training course will concentrate on communication with patients before planned operation performances with a view to therapeutical communications and therapeutical interviews. Other discovered facts, for example, the lack of information provided to patients and possibilities regarding better patients´ readiness for planned operation performances will surely be solved by the hospital management.
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Charity Projects of Organizations Providing Care for Children with Disabilities in South Bohemia
LANDOVÁ, Lenka
The bachelor thesis "Charity Projects of Organisations Providing Care for Children with Health Disability in the Region of South Bohemia" deals with those projects that were founded by non-profit organisations and that provide care for children with health disability in the Region of South Bohemia. The aim of this thesis is to chart the charity projects of above mentioned organisations and to find out what is a proper and effective way to create them and what methods and procedures are used by non-state, non-profit organisations. The first research inquiry refers to a successful implementation of these projects. The result will be not only a realisation what kind of projetcs were created by the above mentioned organisations but also what is important for an organisation itself. Within the bounds of the second research inquiry I find out wheather there is an optimal procedure for the implementation of the charity projects of non-state, non-profit organisations. A qualitative method was used for a research part of this thesis. I used a method of a half-structured interview, a technique of a personal interview. A research group was selected for bringing the research into practice, which includes nine organisations seleceted from non-state, non-profit organisations providing a care for health disabled children in the Region of South Bohemia. It is more difficult for non-state, non-profit organisations it this field to obtain enough finances for providing services and for obtaining necessary aids than for state non-profit organisations because of different ways of fundraising . A non-state, non-profit organisation has several possibilities how to obtain necessary material and non-material sources. There are charity projects that offer means of selfless help; provided they are successful, they help the organisation to obtain necessary sources. It emerged from the research that it was very important for non-state, non-profit organisations to get a multi-source fundraising and supporters of their projects, mainly donors and sponsors, to obtain available care for children with heath disability. On the basis of the research, it is possible to state that non-state, non-profit organisations providing care for children with health disability, implemented many successful projects. The results of this thesis can be used in the way of an informative material for setting a complete view of a solution of the problems of the above mentioned organisations projects.
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Students´ motivation for the work in social sphere
DUCHOŇOVÁ, Kristýna
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the motivation of students to work in the social sphere. Selecting a domain is an important milestone in the life of each of us, the aim of the work is to determine what factors affect the young person during the election field with a social focus and how his motives during his studies and during his practical experience varies.The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part describes the social work and its history, definition, ethical standards and goals. The work deals with the role of a social worker and describes his competence. Presents preconditions for occupational choice and the factors that influence this choice. It also deals with motivation, defines it and acquaints us with concepts such as motive, value or need. Work is affected by motivation theories and recalls the hierarchy of needs of Maslow. In the seclusion does not stay the work motivation in helping professions, questionable motives or burnout, which occurs currently in the social sphere more frequently than in other sectors. The practical part is focused on quantitative research, when the survey begins with primary school pupils who have just chosen their future focus. This part aims to determine what percentage of these students opted for the social sphere and what lead to this decision. Further quantitative research conducted among high school and college students who attend branch with a social focus. Here, the work reveals the most common and most important motives of students, satisfaction with the chosen field of study and their expectations of future studies and career. Here we will also learn how many students want after graduation stay in the field. In the practical part there is also a qualitative research, which complements the whole job. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with students, but also with a social worker. These respondents describe us closer their motivation for working in the social sphere. According to the results which this research brought, it can be stated that most of the students choose a subject with a social focus to have the opportunity to help the others. But is true that many students are choosing a school prematurely and are influenced by the place of residence, their friends or the nature of the study, most of these people don´t know what they can expect from the field and are often discouraged during their studies. From this work could in practice benefit pupils and students who decide for the field of social affairs. For teachers working in schools where the research took place,could this work serve as a feedback. Especially the part which describes the differences between expectations and reality can be used.
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The Human Resources and Employment Operational Programme - specific example
Novotná, Jitka ; Hrdlička, Pavel (advisor)
The theoretical part is focused on characteristics of the labor market , causes and consequences of unemployment risk groups of people over 50 years , the European Social Fund and its impact on the labor market and characterized Operational Programme Human Resources and Employment 2007-2013.
At the conclusion of the theoretical part are specified individual regional project Key competences in Hradec Kralove region.
In the practical part of the thesis evaluates the individual regional project Key competences in Hradec Kralove region and described its own survey of long-term success of the project operators in the labor market and measures designed to increase the success of similar projects .
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Nurses readiness for providing specific care to patients with apallic syndrome
PROKEŠOVÁ, Helena
Apalic syndrome or waking state of unconsciousness is a special type of consciousness disturbance, the essential feature of which is wakefulness with open eyes. Specific nursing care of a patient with apalic syndrome is the most challenging because the patient is completely dependent on this care. Therefore, it is necessary for nurses working with apalic patients to be prepared to provide nursing care to these patients as well as possible Diploma thesis assesses and evaluates the knowledge of future nurses on the apalic syndrome and the specific nursing care, which patients with apalic syndrome are provided with. This knowledge is compared with the knowledge of nurses who have already been providing nursing care to these patients and, based on the experience of those nurses, the ways how to improve the knowledge are surveyed. Quantitative research, an interrogation method, anonymous questionnaire technique was used in this section. In the thesis the factors are assessed that may directly affect the preparedness of future nurses and nurses already working to provide specific nursing care to patients with apalic syndrome. Nurses themselves suggest solutions. In this section the qualitative research survey, the questioning method, and the half standardized interview technique were involved. Apalic syndrome is one of topical and discussed issues. It is difficult to tackle this serious problem, it involves not only medical but also ethical and economic aspects. From the outcomes of the survey a lower level of knowledge of future nurses on apalic syndrome and specifics of nursing care is apparent. This partly reflects their preparedness. Conditions should be created for future nurses so that they could deepen their knowledge through study and employ this knowledge directly to apalic patients. Nursing practice carried out during study may also come in useful. It can help facilitate nurses´ work in units where nursing care is provided to apalic patients and eliminate factors that may affect the quality of care. The objective of this thesis was to point out to the issue of providing a specific nursing care of apalic patients not only from the perspective of future nurses.
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Assessment of security of approaches to selected primary schools of Smichov and measures to its enhancement
Procházková, Barbora ; Novotný, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Milan, Milan (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the issues relating to the safe walking of children and youth to the school facilities. Specifically, this work describes four primary schools located in Prague Smíchov. The surveyed school facilities include the Kořenského elementary school, teaching elementary school Drtinova with an extended language teaching, elementary school U Santošky and elementary school Grafická. The theoretical part includes a literature search, dealing with safety and security features that help meet objectives in this area. The analytical part identifies specific problems that are eliminated in the proposal of safety measures. The thesis contains analyses of bottlenecks in the selected area. Investigations are based on own surveys carried out directly in the field. The aim of the work is to draft safety measures that would help increase the safety of children walking to school in the surveyed area. In future, the thesis can serve as a basis for the study on transport or assist in the drafting of transport solution for Prague 5.
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