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Restoration of mires and wetlands: methods and monitorign of effectivity
Skalníková, Andrea ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
Mires and wetlands are important landscape elements and therefore they should be protected carefully. The protection and restoration of wetlands has long been implemented in some Czech protected areas. This study aims to determine whether also in other areas of Central Europe are applied similar concepts revitalization of wetlands, and what results are achieved. The existing revitalization measures applied on peat bogs and their success results are reviewed at the beginning. The second part of the thesis presents the results of the questionnaire survey and analyzes questions focusing on restoration methods, monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of revitalization, and the degree of degradation of different areas. A quality of conceptual planning and different approaches to the protection and revitalization of wetlands in each country are discussed. Key words: revitalization, efficiency monitoring, peat bogs, wetlands
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Impact of bogs on local climate - Červené blato, Klenová
ŠKARDA, Jakub
The diploma thesis analyses the impact of the presence of peat bogs on the local climate, especially on temperature, humidity regime and energetic balance. Date were collected on 2 comparable observation pots: Červené blato bog, Klenová bog. As a contrasting terrestric non-wetland ecosystem was chosen permanent grassland (TTP) in Malíkov nad Nežárkou village, in district of Jindřichův Hradec. The date were collected every hour using datalogger. During vegetation season a sample of plant biomass was taken. The expected results of the impact of bogs on climate has been proven on Červené blato bog. Klenová bog show unexpected figures collected in the altitude of 2 metres. It shows the lowest average humidity and the highest average day temperature of all observation spots. TTP show unexpected figures in the altitude of 2 meter which has been most likely caused by the presence of 2 ponds and spring.
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The Methane flux (CH4) from willow (Salilx sp.)
JANEBOVÁ, Klára
The aim of the thesis was to study the methane flux (CH4) from crack willow (Salix fragilis) and bay willow (Salix pentandra) at the ecosystem station Wet Meadow by Třeboň (49°01 N; 14°46 E). The research was carried out in May 2016. Methane is one of the important greenhouse gases, which plants can emit into the atmosphere. Neither the fluxes of methane from willows nor the factors influencing them were so far sufficiently monitored. The thesis became a part of the whole year's monitoring of these fluxes, carried out by the Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, under the lead of expert consultant Dr. rer. nat. Mgr. Macháčová. The fluxes of CH4 were measured with the help of manual static chamber systems located in three height-levels and online portable laser gas analyser. The fluxes were processed, statistically evaluated and coherent tables and charts were created from the results. Based on these results we can conclude, that all examined trees have released CH4 and CO2 from their trunks, however no significant statistical difference between morning and afternoon fluxes was measured. S. fragilis was emitting higher amounts of CH4 and CO2 than S. pentandra. At the same time emissions dramatically decreased along with decreasing trunk height. Therefore the highest emissions were detected directly at the ground level. Moreover, the emissions of CH4 and CO2 were measured from the soil as well.
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Entomological survey of the locality Wetland meadows near Jetřichov
Mocek, Bohuslav ; Mikát, Miroslav
Zjištěny druhy zachovalých mokřadních a rašelinných lučním společenstev, např. modrásek Maculinea nausithous, perleťovec kopřivový Brenthis ino, můry Celaena leucostigma, Mythimna impura a Xestia sexstrigata. Lesní a arborikolní druhy např. píďalky Deileptenia ribeata a Puengeleria capreolaria, a lokální druhy brouků Rabocerus gabrieli a lesknáček Epuraea distincta. Xerofilní druhy, jako např. zaviječ Pempeliella ornatella, můra Calophasia lunula, okáč zední (Pararge megera) pronikají od suchých úhorů od železnice v s. části lokality.
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The effect of drainage and restoration on vegetation of wet peaty meadows.
Krejčová, Jana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Syrovátka, Oldřich (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarise the current knowledge of the effects of amelioration entervention especially drainage on wet meadow vegetation. First part of this thesis consisting of literature review of scientific papers and other studies summarises the influence of water on soil. It describes how the loss of water and degradation of soil influence the plant communities of wetlands. Drainage of wetlands was very common due to the intensification of agriculture in the past. The amelioration intervension resulted in the loss of peat horizon in soil and reduction of biodiversity. This review explains the reasons to common drainage in the past. In conclusion of the review, the thesis evaluates the efficiency and possibilities of wetland biotopes restoration. The second part of the thesis describes the specific research in the village Senotín (running between 2015 and 2016) which compared the results of the studies from 1996 and 2016. The effectiveness of restoration was examined and compared on the basis of phytosociological images of vegetation which are presented on three different types of areas.
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Biotopes associated with migration corridor valley of the Tichá Orlice river (Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic)
Rejzek, Tomáš ; Kovář, Pavel (advisor) ; Černý, Tomáš (referee)
Biotopes associated with railway corridor in valley of the river Tichá Orlice (Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic) ABSTRACT Expansion, invasion or decline of plant species caused by environmental changes belong to the most important phenomenons associated with vegetation cover development. In spite of their often initiation by human activities the above mentioned processes continue then spontaneously and uncontrollably. This study is concentrated to the effect of these mechanisms on the biotope structure along the Tichá Orlice River (Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic) - in its lowland landscape segment of the canyon character where the second axis of the valley (river flow is the first one) is created by railway line more than 150 years of local history. The case study has the general aim: to treat the present and/or future impact of described trends to plant biota and the degree of its influencing. My diploma thesis investigates functional impact and mutual interaction of the two main migration pathways of exotic species - the T.Orlice river and the railway corridor. It presents qualitative and quantitative changes in plant components of local (semi)natural biotopes by mean of interrelationships among selected ecological groups of species (neophytes, expansive species, and ephemeroids). At the same time, this...
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Spontánní obnova drobných mokřadů na orné půdě
VITTEK, Petr
Spontaneous restoration of wetlands on arable field was observed in the part of South Bohemia. The main aim of the study was to describe colonization of the newly formed wetlands by plants in relation to character of the site and its surroundings (age and size of the wetland, distance to the field margin and to a nearest permanent wetland). Data were collected during six seasons (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016) and analyzed using regression analyses, scatterplots and ordination analyses (DCA, CCA). There were found no significant effects of the distance to the permanent wetland and the distance to the edge of the field on species composition of the newly created wetlands. The effect of successional age of wetlands on their species composition was significant. Species with a higher colonization ability were relatively more frequent in those wetlands located in a longer distance form the edge of the field. Participation anemochorious and hydrochorious species increased during a succesional time on studied wetlands, the proportion zoochorious and hemerochorious species decreased. These conclusions, however, be taken with caution, because it captured with a relatively small margin successional age. In general, it was shown that spontaneous restoration of wetlands on arable land is possible and runs to (semi)natural wetland vegetation.
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Carboniferous tropical ecosystems of euramerican province
Frojdová, Jana ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Sakala, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the tropical terrestrial ecosystems of Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) time. It is especially focussed on description of the Carboniferous tropical forest and its components. Introductory parts of the thesis deal with the general characteristics of Carboniferous period, including fauna and flora, distributions of continents and how was the climate of this period. Second part follows the characteristics of particular components of the Carboniferous tropical forest, i.e. of individual plant groups and genera, and their ecological demands. Characterised are plants and their assemblages in tropical lowlands as well as in upland areas, rarely preserved in sedimentary record. In the next part I characterise the dynamics of the forest of Carboniferous tropics and discuss potential mechanisms which controlled the floristic changes including plant extinction. The role of climate changes, which had great influence on vegetation, is discussed as the possible main control. In the separate chapter I describe extinction of arborescent lycopsids. Key words: ecosystem, tropical forest, lowland, climate changes
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From the stable cadastre to drones and back
MIKULOVÁ, Eva
Bachelor thesis is focused on comparing development of selected landscape from Stable Cadastre till today and on possibility of using modern technology for wetlands identification and land a melioration mapping. As an area of interest, two locations, in cadastral area of town Dříteň, were chosen. In practical part available map data were gathered and evaluated. In conclusion, map data and gathered data from Earth remote sensing were compared.
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Effect of environmental factors on the rate of cellulose decomposition in selected wetlands
FILIPOVÁ, Marie
This thesis is a part of the project No. P504/11/1151 of The Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, entitled The role of plants in the greenhouse gas budget of a sedge fen. In this thesis, the decomposition rate of a standard material (cellulose) is assessed for three types of wetlands, which differ in water regime. The study took place at two localitites of marginal wetlands with standing water (Mokré louky near Třeboň, Záblatské louky), two floodplain localities (Brouskův mlýn and Hamerské louky) and two peatbog localities (intact and mined parts of Červené blato, respectively). The intensity of decomposition processes was compared among the sites using the method of cellulose bags. The bags were made from nylon nets, each was divided into five pockets and a cellulose strip was inserted in each pocket. A filter paper was used as the cellulose. These bags were placed vertically into the soil profile so that the upper sample was lying on the surface and the lowest was at the depth of 25 cm below the surface. At each locality four places were randomly selected and four replicate bags with cellulose were placed on each of them. In total 96 bags were put in place, which makes 480 cellulose samples. Two experiments, differing in length of exposition, were carried out in 2013. The samples were taken from the field sites after three and five weeks of exposure (experiment No. 1 and 2, respectively). In both experiments, the decrease in ash-free dry matter was the highest at Hamerské louky. The lowest decrease in ash-free dry matter was in the mined part of Červené blato peatbog. In the second experiment the decrease of the ashless dry matter was more noticable, which was caused by the prolonged exposure. The lowest decrease of ash-free dry matter was found in depths of 0 - 10 cm below the soil surface at all the sites.
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