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Theological treatise by Master Jacobellus de Stříbro "De ususra iudeorum et christianorum" and his reflection of the position of Jews in society
Gažíková Fečová, Rostislava ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (advisor)
1 Summary Diploma thesis "The theological treatise by Master Jacobellus de Misa ‚De usura iudeorum et christianorum' and his reflection of the position of Jews in society" is about the one from the writings of m. Jakoubek of Stříbro. Treatise "Contra usuram" ("Against usury") was written about in the year 1415, and has not yet been translated into Czech. For the use of this theses, I translated the Latin text of Appendix into Czech. The first chapter of advocates selected topic in historical context, that is, the crisis of the turn of the 14. and 15. century, when the high middle ages already continuously paced to the modern era. Our history has been called Czech Hussite reformation and revolution. In the second chapter is introduced by m. Jacob of Mies as a friend, collaborator and successor in the work of m. Jan Hus at the Prague University. Together with m. Nicholas from Dresden initiated the adoption of recovery sub utraque speciae and became a leading theologian utraquists.The subject of the third chapter is the concept of usury, according to the Scriptures, the church fathers and teachers, and the medieval doctrine of the usury and its effects. Usury was all the ecclesiastical authorities, widely dismissed as immoral, forbidden Letters social phenomenon. The fifth chapter deals with the dramatic...
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Theological treatise by Master Jacobellus de Stříbro "De ususra iudeorum et christianorum" and his reflection of the position of Jews in society
Gažíková Fečová, Rostislava ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (advisor) ; Hrdlička, Jaroslav (referee)
1 Summary Diploma thesis "The theological treatise by Master Jacobellus de Misa ‚De usura iudeorum et christianorum' and his reflection of the position of Jews in society" is about the one from the writings of m. Jakoubek of Stříbro. Treatise "Contra usuram" ("Against usury") was written about in the year 1415, and has not yet been translated into Czech. For the use of this theses, I translated the Latin text of Appendix into Czech. The first chapter of advocates selected topic in historical context, that is, the crisis of the turn of the 14. and 15. century, when the high middle ages already continuously paced to the modern era. Our history has been called Czech Hussite reformation and revolution. In the second chapter is introduced by m. Jacob of Mies as a friend, collaborator and successor in the work of m. Jan Hus at the Prague University. Together with m. Nicholas from Dresden initiated the adoption of recovery sub utraque speciae and became a leading theologian utraquists.The subject of the third chapter is the concept of usury, according to the Scriptures, the church fathers and teachers, and the medieval doctrine of the usury and its effects. Usury was all the ecclesiastical authorities, widely dismissed as immoral, forbidden Letters social phenomenon. The fifth chapter deals with the dramatic...
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Usury
Sedlmajerová, Tereza ; Moravec, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kostelanský, Ludvík (referee)
This thesis focuses on the analysis of usury as a negative social phenomenon from the perspective of Czech law in the Czech courts. It is mainly focused on examining this issue in a broader context. There is a comparison of usury contained in the new Civil Code modifications as the Criminal Code. Lastly, the thesis aims to determine whether the current legislation of usury is sufficient, or not, and then propose any possible amendments.
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Usurious contracts within the context of civil law
Šejdová, Kateřina ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
Central point of the thesis at hand is the effort to clarify legal consequences arising out of the conclusion of the usurious contract. Its primary aim is to determine whether the usurious contract is voidable or rather null and void and whether it is possible to uphold the usurious contract either by applying the concept of partial invalidity or by judicial balancing of the grossly disproportionate considerations arising out of the usurious contract. This thesis is structured into two parts. The first chapter of the first part briefly introduces paradigms of the rules related to the usury. The second chapter analyzes individual characteristics of the usury. In the third chapter author argues for the possibility to review the contracts (showing the disproportion of considerations, defects of the abused's will and the element of abuse, however, not fulfilling all the characteristics of the usurious contracts due to narrow definition of the usury) by the good-manners-test. Second part of this thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter analyzes consequences resulting from the violation of the usury prohibition and their impact on the usurer's and the abused's legal position. This chapter also deals with the difficulties in terms of interpretation of rules governing invalidity of legal...
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Over indebtedness of Czech households, its impacts and the ways of its prevention
Medová, Jitka ; Ochrana, František (advisor) ; Langr, Ivan (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of the over-indebtedness of Czech households, its impacts and prevention methods. There are theories of education and consumerist society theories applied as basic theoretical concepts. The thesis analyses the scope and the over- indebtedness ways in the Czech Republic, it describes the causes and the implications of over- indebtedness of households and possibilities or over-indebtedness solution via the form of the debt relief. One of the possibilities how to prevent the over-indebtedness is to increase the financial literacy. The publically political tool used by the state is the financial education within the primary and secondary school systems. There was carried out a research in a particular family struggling with the over-indebtedness within this thesis. There was described the indebtedness origin and the development, the subsequent over-indebtedness and the way how to solve it. It was also described how the education for management of family finances was carried out, what the educational level of the married couple is and what the financial literacy level is. There was a questionnaire research performed within a secondary integrated school based on this research. The aim was to find out the relation among the final receivers of financial education to...
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Islamic Interest-free Banking
Vopálková, Eva ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor) ; Gebelt, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis attempts to explain the background of the origin of Islamic interest-free banking, where the first part of the thesis is devoted to the attitudes of ancient jurisdictions towards interest in the Old Testament and the Christian middle ages. It also tries to explain the basic principles of Islamic banking's functioning, the specific products it offers, and to show its position and practices in selected Muslim and European countries.
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Issues of interest and educational performance of Church
Gronát, Vladimír ; Opatrný, Aleš (advisor) ; Bravená, Noemi (referee)
This work deals with the Christian vision of the interest on loans. The first part of the thesis discusses biblical passages, opinions of a Fathers of the Church and conclusions of early councils. The text briefly surveys the historical development of the own concept and gradual differentiation between usury and interest. Furthermore, this work mentions recent Church documents relating to loans and interest. In the second part, the thesis deals with the current state of affairs around consumer loans and household debt in the Czech Republic from the different points of view such as law, economic and sociology statistic, current government projects, non-governmental organizations. Attitudes and statements of the Catholic Church in the Czech Republic related to this topic are also mentioned. The work also gives prototype of real and applicable educational output for the couples preparing for the sacrament of marriage in the third part.
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Legal instruments for the protection of weaker side within the obligation
HLADOVÁ, Barbora
The aim of the thesis is to discuss of significant principle in civil law, protection of weaker sides and about instruments leading to the realization. The work is focused on the allocation of specific tools for protection the weaker side. For these purposes, the existing legislative measures are used. The thesis deals with the disproportionate shortening also named Laesio Enormis, the contracts that are concluded with an adhesion method and the usury. Subsequently, there is analysed the chosen area of the protection of weaker side within the obligation which is the protection of consumer. From the findings is carried out the research by the questionnaire. Obtained data are analysed by the program Excel and from these outcomes, there is evaluated the conclusions of the work.
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Analysis of usury legislation
Červenková, Tereza ; Lechner, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jurčík, Radek (referee)
The project analyzes current legislation on usury in the Czech Republic and the financial literacy of the adult population. On 1 Dec. 2016, an amended Act on Consumer Loans entered into force and this project examines it. The project compares Czech legislation on usury with selected European Union countries. Czech legislation is similar with German and Portugal legislation, especially in terms of civil law. The most effective legislation can be considered in Spain, which explicitly stipulates allowed interest rate limits. Based on that, Czech legislation on usury should be adjusted. The research results show a correlation between respondents' highest-achieved level of education and their financial literacy levels. The research also finds that the number of court distraints (property seizures) and the willingness to borrow money is lower among respondents with university-level education than for respondents with secondary and basic school education. When comparing our findings with research by STEM/MARK dating from 2010, it is clear that the financial literacy of the adult population in the Czech Republic has not changed significantly since that time.
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