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Measurements of permeability of dialysis membranes
Veselá, Martina ; Jiřík, Radovan (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
Familiarization with dialysis theoretical principles and determination of dialysis membrane permeability with the help of experimentally assembled apparatus is the aim of this bachelor thesis. The introduction part deals with basic knowledge concerning treatment with dialysis and its current quality. There continues a chapter stating an overview of dialysis membranes different types and main characteristics of individual materials, which the membranes were made of and which they are produced now. Theoretical preparation for the practical part of the thesis clarifies the basic notions, principals and processes connected with the mass transfer through dialysis membranes and dialysis. Further on, theoretical process is described and phrased how to determine dialysis membranes permeability in a laboratory scale in an experimental way. Two possible configurations of experimental apparatus are illustrated with block schemes working either in a non-stationary or a stationary regime of measurement. The basis to determine membrane permeability is sampling in specified time intervals from blood and dialyze side and spectrophotometric detection of samples concentration. The practical part itself is preceded with the process with collected samples analysis. Then, it is followed with relations derivation for mass transfer coefficient calculation. Concentration progress on blood and dialyze side with non-stationary way of measurement is modelled in Simulink programme. The practical part of the thesis uses the mentioned above theoretical knowledge and assumptions and it realises concrete measurements in non-stationary regime. Evaluating part of the thesis documents the obtained results and assesses them with the help of derived equations. The whole process of measurement including obtained results is evaluated and discussed in the final part.
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Use of recycling membrane technology for industrial waters
Vykydalová, Adéla ; Mergl, Václav (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the recycling technology of industrial wastewater – more precisely, the laundry industry. The semi-operational pilot unit of ASIO TECH was used for testing this technology. The unit includes membrane processes – ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and flotation process. There were 8 physico-chemical parameters selected for assesing the quality of wastewater and treated water. The tested semi-operational unit is suitable for cleaning laundry wastewater. The purified water can be used in the next washing process or for the water source for the steam generator.
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Water Treatment Efficiency Using Membrane Filtration
Zelinová, Kristína ; Kolesíková, Lucie (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
In the first part of this thesis, current requirements for drinking water according to the legislation valid in the territory of Czech Republic and Slovak Republic are summarized. Also the changes that will come with implementation of the directive 2020/2184 of the European parliament are mentioned. Following those future changes, the importance of new technologies for water treatment comes to light. Among those technologies belong membrane processes. The rest of the thesis is dedicated to them. At first, current knowledge of their operation principles and categories, to which they can be divided into are reviewed. Then, the processes related to their maintenance are approached. Mentioned are few specific water treatment plants in Czechia and Slovakia, where membrane processes were already applied. The scientific part of this thesis consists of series of tests, executed on an ultrafiltration unit, in laboratory conditions. Including optimalization of the filtration process, as well as observation of the pollutants removal efficiency from surface water. Towards the end of the thesis, recorded values are evaluated.
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Study of plasma protein binding of radiopharmaceuticals
Hafinec, Václav Matyáš ; Lázníček, Milan (advisor) ; Ramos Mandíková, Jana (referee)
Study of Plasma Protein Binding of Radiopharmaceuticals Summary The purpose of this work is the study of binding of substances (177 Lu-DOTA- [Lys3]bombesin, 177 Lu-NOTA-[Lys3]bombesin, 177 Lu-PCTA-[Lys3]bombesin, and 177 Lu- DOTA-MG47) to plasma proteins by equilibrum dialysis in 37řC, particularly using plasma samples of beef, rabbit, rat and human. Within this group, these substances were compared interspecifically. The substances 177 Lu-DOTA-[Lys3]bombesin, 177 Lu-NOTA-[Lys3]bombesin, 177 Lu- PCTA-[Lys3]bombesin, and 177 Lu-DOTA-MG47 are the newly developed receptor- specific radiolabeled peptides. For all the newly collected data, the interspecific comparison and subsequent statistical evaluation was performed. The indicated bombesin derivates were compared and statistically analyzed even between themselves. During the interspecies comparisons and the determination of the statistical significance of the data, there were found statistically significant and statistically highly significant differences between some of the examined samples. A highly significant difference was found during comparing with samples of 177 Lu-NOTA- [Lys3]bombesin and statistical evaluation, there was found a statistically highly significant difference. Despite the differences found, it is clear that the plasma binding concerning...
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Application of membrane technologies for the production of drinking water from the effluent from the WWTP
Minich, Marek ; Mergl, Václav (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
The Master’s Thesis deals with the application of membrane technologies in the production of drinking water from the effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). There were two types of pressure-driven membrane processes selected – ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, to achieve water production of the required quality. For the needs of the diploma thesis, an already existing pilot-scale membrane unit of the ASIO TECH Company l.t.d. was used. There were 44 physical, chemical and microbiological parameters observed to assess the quality of the produced water and also the input water (effluent from the WWTP). None of the afore mentioned parameters exceeded the limit values, more specifically the highest limit values issued by the Decree 70/2018 Coll. However, the produced water cannot be considered as drinking water because of its low mineralisation. Before its potential application in practise, it is therefore necessary to choose an appropriate method of remineralisation as well as to follow all the other legislative requirements for the drinking water, which have already been out of the scope within the Master’s Thesis.
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Evaluation of the efficiency of a pilot ultrafiltration unit
Zelinová, Kristína ; Biela, Renata (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The first part of this bachelor thesis deals with a summary of current knowledge about membrane technologies and their application in drinking water treatment. There are listed different types of membranes and classification of membrane processes. Further on, there are defined operation processes that are related to their use in water treatment plants and there are also listed some of the water treatment plants in the Czech republic, where these technologies were or are still being used. In the second part if this thesis, there is described a situation in a village Poniky, in Slovak republic, which suffers from seasonally increased turbidity on one of their drinking water sources. The owner of the water supply system has an intention of treating this water quality problem by using a membrane technology. This thesis presents and evaluates results from the first membrane tests executed on the affected water source.
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Membrane technologies for agricultural wastewater treatment
Uhlířová, Marcela ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This thesis deals with an agricultural wastewater treatment (liquid digestate) by membrane technology. There is a fundamental description of characteristics of membrane technology with regard to application of agricultural wastewater treatment in this thesis. Experimental device for treatment of liquid digestate is designed and it consists of three steps – microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. The first step consists of four filters with different pore sizes (80, 25, 10 and 5 µm). The second step is ultrafiltration and the third and key step is reverse osmosis. In the final step monovalent ions such as NH4+ are separated. Reverse osmosis consists of two stage system which results in higher recovery. Three experiments were carried out in order to verify the efficiency of separation dissolved solids.
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Application of membrane methods for recycling of washing water from sand filters of pool technology
Humeníková, Juliana ; Mergl, Václav (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the application of membrane processes for the treatment of washing water from sand filters of pool technology to parameters suitable for its reuse, not only on a theoretical level, but also on a real example. The experimental part deals with the monitoring of relevant parameters given by Decree no. 568/2000 Sb. and other technologically significant water quality indicators. All monitored parameters in the reverse osmosis permeate reached satisfactory values and thus it was concluded that the effluent water is suitable for reuse. Instead of being discharged into the sewer, it is possible to recycle 70 to 80 % of the washed water per day thanks to the applied technology, which saves approximately 20 m3 of water per day.
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Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for food industry wastewater treatment.
Polášek, Daniel ; Bodík,, Igor (referee) ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The most significant environmental problems related to the food industry is water consumption and pollution, energy consumption and waste production. Most of the water that does not become a part of the products ultimately leaves plants in the form of wastewater, which is often very specific and requires adequate handling / treatment / disposal. For the purpose of this thesis, brewery industry was chosen, because of its very long tradition in the Czech history and culture. Anaerobic technologies are applied for still wider range of industrial wastewater treating. In general anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) can very effectively treat wastewater of different concentration and composition and produce treated water (outlet, permeate) of excellent quality, that can be further utilised. At the same time, it can promote energy self-sufficiency through biogas production usable in WWTPs / plants. Main disadvantages include unavoidable membrane fouling and generally higher CAPEX / OPEX. Within the framework of Ph.D. studies and related research activities, immersed membrane modules for anaerobic applications were selected and lab-scale tested (designed and assembled laboratory unit), an AnMBR pilot plant was designed, built and subsequently tested under real conditions - at Černá Hora Brewery WWTP (waste waters from the brewery and associated facilities). The pilot AnMBR and the technology itself has been verified over more than a year (5/2015 – 11/2016) of trial operation - the initial and recommended operational parameters have been set up, minor construction adjustments / modifications and measurement & regulation optimizations have been made, the recommended membrane cleaning and regeneration procedure has been verified. Last, but not least, conclusions and recommendations of the trial operation were summarised - some key findings and recommendations for further operation, use and modifications of the existing AnMBR pilot plant are presented.
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Optimization of urinary exosome isolation for proteomic analysis in kidney disease diagnosis
Ulrychová, Lucie ; Přikryl, Petr (advisor) ; Kučerová, Zdenka (referee)
Extracellular vesicles (exosomes) are the subject of current nephrology proteomics research as they are considered as a promising source of potential biomarkers of kidney disease. This work is focused on discovery of the most appropriate procedure for the urinary exosomes isolation. We have compared already described methods, based on different physicochemical principles of isolation: hydrostatic filtration dialysis (HFD), differential ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration through a 100 kDa filter, or sample precipitation with Total Exosome Isolation (from urine) kit. Characterization of individual isolated exosomal fractions was performed using SDS-PAGE method (presence of contaminating proteins), western blot analysis (detection of exosomal markers TSG101, alix), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA, vesicle size and concentration) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM, vesicles morphology). Due to the presence of contaminating proteins in urine samples, which could distort the results of subsequent proteomic assays, the conditions for the cleavage of undesirable proteins by proteinase K prior to their own isolation were optimized. It has been found that the best yield and purity of the isolated exosomal fractions were provided by a process combining HFD with differential ultracentrifugation...
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