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Effluent-free treatment plant technology for small wastewater producers
Škarpa, Pavel ; Němcová, Miroslava Pumprlová (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The work aims to find new ways to dispose of wastewater. The theoretical part covers the currently known procedures for the discharge of treated wastewater into surface or groundwater, as well as the balancing of wastewater after previous accumulation. Furthermore, the theoretical part summarises the legislation of the Czech Republic concerning wastewater disposal. The measurement part deals with a new potential option, a sump with upstream water treatment. If the treatment is carried out on the principle of natural wastewater treatment, the volume of water can be reduced by evapotranspiration. Therefore, the aim of this work is to determine the realistic evapotranspiration of a vertical filter, to find a design methodology for a vertical filter to achieve optimal evapotranspiration and a suitable technological arrangement. Another objective is to use long-term air temperature records available from the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute database. The average daily evapotranspiration measured on the laboratory model reached a value of 4.5 mm/day in September 2021. In March 2022 it reached almost 2 mm/day. The equations for determining the potential evapotranspiration applied in the calculation part of the work achieved the highest agreement of 67.5% with the evapotranspiration measured on the laboratory model and will therefore be further developed to achieve much higher reliability of the calculation.
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Study of variants of sewerage of the recreational center Vřesovice
Krulová, Martina ; Frajt, Tomáš (referee) ; Hluštík, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of sewerage and wastewater disposal in the recreational centre near Vřesovice. The purpose of the diploma thesis is the elaboration of variant solutions of sewerage, including the proposal of possibilities of wastewater treatment, economic evaluation of variants, their subsequent comparison and recommendation of the most suitable variant. The diploma thesis deals with the design of variants of wastewater treatment with subsequent discharge into surface waters. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the individual variants of sewerage are summarized with a comparison of costs and subsequent recommendation of the variant.
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Provision of alternative refuse collection for a real estate surrounded by foreign property
Kvapil, Radek ; Štindl, Michal (referee) ; Klika, Pavel (advisor)
The thesis deals with possible ways of drainage and wastewater disposal. The issue of wastewater discharge to the environment has been closely monitored in recent years, and there is an apparent effort to improve the current situation.The dissertation discusses and compares three selected options – access to improved sanitation, building reservoirs and domestic wastewater treatment plant.The final section is dedicated to a comparison of acquisition and operating costs over time and to subsequent evaluation of the most suitable option. For the sake of clarity and assessment of potential solutions, the locality in the administrative area Vysoké Mýto - Domoradice has been selected as a model. The local authorities have been designing a public storm sewer, and given that it is surrounded by land, this issue will need to be addressed.
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Wastewater: plant indicators around mountain chalets – case study "Niklův vrch" and "Rennerovy boudy" (The Krkonoše Mountains National Park, Czech Republic).
Brádlerová, Tereza ; Skalický, Milan (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis was solved in Niklův vrch and Rennerovy boudy, areas located in the eastern part of The Krkonoše Mountains National Park.
The main aims of this work were vegetation survey and description of environmental factors by Ellenberg indicator values of meadow areas contaminated by leaked sewage and meadows in their vicinity (referential areas). Another objective of this study was to determine soil pH, acceptable phosphorus and total nitrogen content and heavy metals amount in soil samples. Based on all collected data was proposed future management for each area.
The negative influence of leaking sewage on meadows in Niklův vrch wasn´t confirmed, because of their highly effective cleaning by three-compartment septic tank and biological filter before discharge into surface waters.
Leaked sewage loading was demonstrated in Rennerovy boudy, but only in the area just below the septic tank. The reason of the loading is unsatisfactory condition of the septic tank itself (change to cesspool by blinding discharge and sunken cover). This area was characterized by low species diversity, which is connected with the lowest number of plant species found there (12 species). Based on the habitat of dominant nitrophilous species Urtica dioica and species with nitrophilous tendencies (Alopecurus pratensis, Geranium sylvaticum and Chaerophyllum hirsutum) was determined association Rumicetum alpini Beger 1922 here.
Soil from the area affected by the leaked sewage was characterized by the highest pH/KCl and total nitrogen content and also increased contents of acceptable and total P and K compared to other soil samples.
To suppress this undesirable community Rumicetum alpini Beger 1922 is particularly necessary to improve the process of purifying leaking sewage by replacement the cesspool for household wastewater treatment plant. The distribution of this community also affects the absence of management. Therefore, it seems necessary to renew one-year mowing by scythe of this area.
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Properties of anaerobic sewage sludge from small producers
Pospíšil, Jaroslav ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (referee) ; Hyánková, Eva (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with today's wastewater treatment from small producers and characteristics of primary sludge. Work is focused on natural ways of wastewater treatment. The main attention is devoted to the primary sludge. In the next section are based on laboratory tests, where samples are tested properties. There is tested the primary sludge from the mechanical pre-treatment, and namely from the sedimentation tank.
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The water flow simulation in the cesspit
Šrámková, Dagmar ; Hyánková, Eva (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
This diploma thesis consists of two parts, part research and part attachments. The first section describes the literary problems of today's way of cleaning wastewater from small producers and characteristics of wastewater. The work is focused on the aspect of nature and all of these methods are directed towards this direction. The literary section is devoted to anaerobic environment, which is just one of the natural ways of treatment of waste water, in our case in a septic tank. The second part of the thesis deals with modeling of flow and behavior of sludge and water mixture in the cesspit septic tank sludge with variable densities and flow speeds. Modeling and calculations are made using COMSOL Multhiphysics. The conclusion is then summarized findings from the flow cesspit septic tank with the results and the assessment of whether a septic tank still has its place among the modern methods of wastewater treatment.
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Use of small dimensions sewerage for transport of wastewater from settlements up to 500 PE.
Žáček, Jan ; Kubík,, Jiří (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
Bachelor thesis presents methods of conveying wastewater in Czech Republic. Focusing both on traditional ways of removing wastewater, as well as alternative. The main goal is description of functioning of individual parts, design principles, construction, operation and maintance of small diameter gravity sewerage system, which would provide new solution of draining sewage for municipalities up to 500 PT. The design is demonstrated in local part of city Zlín – Chlum. The thesis also contains indicative financial comparison of two sewerage systems – conventional and small diameter gravity sewerage system.
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Sewage and it's cleaning at sewage water treatment plant in the village Ostrožská Lhota
VANĚČKOVÁ, Hana
All of us produce large volume of wastewater every day. But we care about the environment more and more which brings building of new sewerage plants as well. Nowadays, there is an intensification of old sewerage plants and many new ones are being built. In the past, sewerage plants belong only to the cities, but now they can be found even in the villages. People should also know what they release into sewerage and they should be aware of it. We should not rely only on a sewerage plant because it can not remove all the unwanted substance either. In my bachelor´s work on the theme ?Wastewater and its treatment in the sewerage plant in the village Ostrožská Lhota?, I deal with the present status of the sewerage plant in the village, the wastewater treatment system and wastewater in general as the theme indicates. The work is divided into two essential parts ? the theoretical and the practical one. Firstly, I described the former wastewater discharge in the theoretical part. Then I described the wastewater division and wastewater itself. Finally, I wrote about the sewerage plant, mainly about wastewater supply and its subsequent circulation. The next part is the practical one. My own research was a part of it. It was a quantitative form of research. The research was done by the method of questioning, in the form of questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed to the residents of Ostrožská Lhota, people above 18. It was a random sample of people. 130 questionnaires were distributed in total. The obtained data are processed and analysed by means of charts. The secondary data analysis which was done by means of measuring data on inflow and outflow belonged to the practical part as well. Afterwards, the data were processed into charts. I set three goals in the work. The first goal was to evaluate the wastewater quality before the construction of the sewerage plant in the village Ostrožská Lhota. The second goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of wastewater treatment in the sewerage plant in the village. I tried to reach these two goals by means of secondary data analysis where I use the chart of measuring data on water inflow and outflow. I compared these figures with the limits of measurement ? limits which are set for the sewerage plant by the water resource management. I found out that the sewerage plant meets all the requirements and it does not exceed the limits. The measuring data are even below the limits. Lastly, the third goal was to find out the households´ opinion on wastewater pollution. I investigated on this goal by the help of the questionnaires. All the set goals were fulfilled. The testing results show that wastewater satisfies the limits of the water resource management and the people are aware of the discharged wastewater quality. This bachelor´s work can function as a recommendation when potential insufficiency is found. It can be also an educational material for non-professionals who do not know this topic and questions.
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