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Image fusion within prostate biopsy
ŽŮČEK, David
This study deals with the use of image fusion within prostate biopsy, which is a method used for several decades, which serves to accurately capture pathological findings in the prostate, primarily prostate cancer. The combination of imaging modalities, which are magnetic resonance and intracavitary ultrasonography, is used to guide the biopsy. The aim of the study was to study the unusual situation where one and the same radiological team performs both procedures at the same time. Procedures from which the prostate biopsy methodology guided by image fusion is formed. Subsequently, we established a hypothesis that specific benefits can be found when the same doctor and radiology assistant perform both procedures. Procedures which consists of image fusion of magnetic resonance imaging and intracavitary ultrasonography, which guide the prostate biopsy of the same patient. The methodology of the theoretical part was the study of mostly foreign professional medical articles and literature and the subsequent use of the information to clarify the described method. In the practical part, the output data of physical examination of 59 patients were processed with the use of ROC analysis and then compared with two foreign studies to verify the established hypothesis. The data were provided by Mr. MUDr. Zdeněk Chudáček Ph.D. The results of the ROC analysis and its comparison with foreign studies confirmed the hypothesis, and therefore the presence of specific advantages of the studied unusual situation of performing a prostate biopsy in the way determined at the beginning of this study. The results of this study will be used in a broader journal publication, which aims to bring the issue of this study to the professional radiological public.
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Regulatory instruments of cycloturism in specially protected areas
Kostříková, Markéta ; Máca, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Kotecký, Vojtěch (referee)
Cyclotourism is one of the most popular recreational activities nowadays, and specially protected areas are often chosen as a preferred destination. This thesis covers the issues that can arise from excessive tourist use of the area, or by not complying with the rules set by the law, or by an administration of the protected area. Cyclotourism has a considerate impact on the environment. The most affected components are vegetation, soil, aquatic ecosystems, and animals located near trails. Regulatory instruments of cyclotourism in specially protected areas are analysed and compared in this thesis. This analysis has covered four European countries, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, and Austria. The lowest level of restrictions was found to be present in the Czech Republic, the highest on the other hand in Austria. The degradation of the environment caused by cyclotourism is examined in the practical section of this thesis. On cycling routes in 9 specially protected areas, segments were randomly selected for sensitivity assessment... Indicators of sensitivity were: presence of a water body, forest, tourist attraction, elevation change level, and geological subsoil. Segments with increased sensitivity were visited and evaluated. Out of total of 73 segments with increased sensitivity, degradation...
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Detection of surface phenotype and chemosensitivity in bladder carcinoma cells in vitro
Šímová, Michaela ; Drbal, Karel (advisor) ; Vondálová Blanářová, Olga (referee)
Tumor malignancies are the second leading cause of death worldwide. One of the reasons for the failure of oncological treatment are the uniformly set clinical guidelines, which neglect the effect of high intertumoral heterogeneity. The in vitro chemosensitivity and resistance (CSRA) assays allow for the stratification of patients prior to therapy. Therefore, the CSRA are a long-considered method for personalization of components of chemotherapy regime. Nevertheless, none of them is being routinely used in clinical practice. Certain chemotherapeutics used for their cytotoxic and cytostatic effect are also able to induce so-called immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells and activate an anti-tumor immune response. Monitoring of changes in the expression of molecules associated with the regulation of the innate immune system on the surface of dying tumor cells would enable to predict the patient's ability to respond to treatment involving modern immunotherapeutics. The feasibility of CSRA using flow cytometry and microscopy is critically evaluated in this thesis on a model of bladder cancer. Simultaneously, the correlation of the immunogenic phenotype of tumor cells and their sensitivity to selected chemotherapeutics is discussed.
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Diagnosis of leishmaniases in humans and dogs
Černá, Eva ; Spitzová, Tatiana (advisor) ; Votýpka, Jan (referee)
Leishmaniasis is a serious disease caused by parasites that affects both people and animals. In people, this disease has three forms, cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral form. Visceral form is lethal if it's left untreated. Leismaniasis is usually diagnosed by using regular parasitological methods based on histocytological analysis. In the last few years, there has been a considerable progress in serological and molecular diagnostics. This thesis focuses on description and comparison of the traditional and the new diagnostic methods. Attention is paid primarily to the new methods, therefore serological and molecular. These methods are compared by their sensitivity, specifity, field application potential, financial costs and time consumption. Both human and canine diagnostics are mentioned due to the fact that dogs are a significant reservoir. Key words leishmaniasis, diagnostics, parasitology, humans, dogs, method, molecular, serological, sensitivity, specifity
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Unfair practices in the marketing of pharmaceuticals
Král, Marek
The aim of the diploma thesis is to provide a set of recommendations for the manufacturers and distributors of the human pharmaceuticals to avoid a creation of an advertisement that violates the law. To achieve this goal the thesis will be divided into 2 parts: theoretical and practical part. The theoretical overview will cover definitions of human pharmaceuticals, the advertising and it will provide a summary of the legal regulations of the advertising on the human pharmaceuti-cals from the point of view of the public and private law in the European Union and in the Czech Republic. The practical part is divided into analysis of case laws, decisions of the supervision institutions and on the results of a questionnaire, which focuses on the sensitivity on the advertising on the human pharmaceutical and its regulation.
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Detection of QRS complexes in ECG signals
Zhorný, Lukáš ; Ronzhina, Marina (referee) ; Kozumplík, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis deals with the detection of QRS complexes from electrocardiograms using time-frequency analysis. Detection procedures are based on wavelet and Stockwell transform. The theoretical part describes the basics of electrocardiography, then introduces common approaches to time-frequency analysis, such as short-time Fourier transform (STFT), wavelet transform and Stockwell transform. These algorithms were tested on a set of electrograms from the MIT-BIH and CSE-MO1 arrhythmia database. For the CSE database worked best the method based on the wavelet transform with the filter bank Symlet4, with the resulting value of sensitivity 100 % and positive predictivity 99.86%. For the MIT database had the best performance the detector using the Stockwell transform with values of sensitivity 99.54% and positive predictivity 99.68%. The results were compared with the values of other authors mentioned in the text.
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School support for pupils suffering from the loss of relatives
Zemanová, Kateřina ; Machovcová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kučírek, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis is dealing with the methods teachers and school psychologist may use to approach their pupils who have been affected by the death of their relative, particularly a family member. The theoretical part of the thesis is focusing on the existing research in the area of mourning of school-age children and pays special attention to the risks connected with insensitive approach of teachers in this matter. The thesis tries to introduce some principles of the teacher's sensitive approach during the lessons, while paying extra attention to the personal and moral development of the individual in the area of their perception of surroundings, specifically during Civic Education and Health Education. The next topic in the theoretical part is the cognitive development of pupils and their view on the death itself in general, as it is a part of life that we have to somehow prepare for and thus need to have some kind of knowledge about the difficulties that come with death. The empirical part consists mainly of individual interviews with teachers and one school psychologist. As for the part of the interviews, analysis of study materials was included in which both their advantages and possible risks were considered. The aim of this thesis is mainly to formulate principles of the sensitive...
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Social Games in Early Mother-Infant Interaction
Hrivíková, Zuzana ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
The goal of this thesis was to study early social games in natural interaction between mother and child of 4 month age. Infant's affectivity and gaze orientation as a sign of participation was coded. We also observed how can mother and infant influence the social game routine. We examined mother's warm sensitivity and infant's temperament as a variables potentiallz influenced the social game interaction. Fifty five dyads participated in the present study when infants were four months old. Social games were analyzed in natural mother-infant interaction and identified on the given criterions. To assess maternal warm sensivity Materna Affect Attunement was used. Mother's evaluated infant's temperament on fourteen scales of IBQ-R. The results indicate that social games are an inherent part of mother-infant interactions in infant's 4 months of age, and their occurance is influenced by temperament. Keywords: play, game, social game routine, structure, social interaction, infant's positive affect infant age, sensitivity, temperament
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In silico prediction of postranslational modifications
Basíková, Iveta ; Novotný, Marian (advisor) ; Fišer, Karel (referee)
Post-translational modifications are an important form of cellural regulation, including matabolism, growth, differentiation, transcription activation, membrane transport and cell death. Experimental identification of post-translational modifications (PTMs), especially phosporylation, is still time consuming and expensive. Progress in silico PTM prediction tools was influnced an enormous growth of known sequences which are suitable for training set, processing and final result's interpretation. In silico prediction may facilitate the identification of potencional phosporylation sites and it may speed up in future research.
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Automatic sleep scoring using polysomnographic data
Kříženecká, Tereza ; Potočňák, Tomáš (referee) ; Ronzhina, Marina (advisor)
The thesis is focused on automatic classification of polysomnographic signals based on various parameters in time and frequency domain. The parameters are acquired from 30 seconds long segments of EEG, EMG and EOG signals recorded during different sleep stages. The parameters used for automatic classification of sleep stages are selected according to statistical analysis. Classification is performed using the SVM method and evaluation of the success of the classification is done using sensitivity, specificity and percentage success. Classification method was implemented using Matlab.
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