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Reintroduction of butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Štochlová, Tereza ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Straka, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with one of the active means of conservation - reintroduction. By this ap- proach, organisms are released in their historical range from which they have disappeared. Re- introductions typically concern vertebrates, that is, however, why this thesis focuses on a group of invertebrates - butterflies (Rhopalocera). The main aim of this work is to carry out a research of previous experiments, evaluate used methods and discover the best way to proceed with reintroduction of butterflies. This process contains many important steps. Firstly, a suitable species must be chosen, that means one that is declining and has limited dispersal abilities. Secondly, an appropriate habitat for releasing organisms must be found - host plants ought to be sufficiently abundant and the area big enough. If the habitat quality is not satisfactory, it can be achieved through management, most commonly by planting host plants, mowing or grazing. Next step is choosing the right donor population. It should be stable, genetically variable, and genetically and ecologically related to the original extinct population. After transfer and release of sufficient number of organisms, it is crucial to carry out a long-term monitoring of the newly formed population and to modify its management when necessary. All methods...
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Hodnocení efektivity reintrodukce lipana podhorního (Thymallus thymallus L.) do vybraných lokalit jihočeských toků
KOLAŘÍK, Tomáš
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the stocking efficiency and fishing records of European grayling in selected angling districts of South Bohemian Rivers based on the angling union data. Furthermore, additional aim is to evaluate the recent results of restoration/ enhancement of European grayling populations by stocking effort in sections of the Blanice Vodňanská River under the Husinec Reservoir and the Vltava River under the Lipno Reservoir. The European grayling was in the past abundant in both sections under study and natural reproduction was also recorded. However, this species almost disappeared in the recent years and its presence in these sites is rare these days.
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Distribution, ecology and conservation of critically endangered Alcon Blue (Phengaris alcon f. alcon) in the Czech Republic
Kupková, Barbora ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Pech, Pavel (referee)
The state of the populations of many insects is critical in the Czech Republic, other species have already extinct. Among the species balancing at the limit of survival is myrmecophilus Alcon Blue (Phengaris alcon), especially its ecological form (P. alcon f. alcon), which is associated with the Marsh Gentian (Gentiana pneumonanthe) during the early larval stages. The general aim of my work was to evaluate the current distribution of the Alcon Blue butterfly (P. alcon f. alcon) in the Czech Republic, to estimate the size of the remaining populations and to propose a practical action plan for conservation of the species in the Czech Republic. The analysis of the databases showed that the species survives theoretically in 11 localities. The field survey in 2016 revealed, however, that at five other sites a species in the recent past was extinct. The remaining 6 localities are concentrated in Southwestern Bohemia on a total area of only 20 hectares. Two population is however close to extinction. The cause of local extinction of Alcon Blues was the extinction of host plants. The main factors influencing the size of butterfly populations in the last localities were the abundace and vitality of host plants (number of fertile shoots, height). Part of my work was an attempt to reintroduce Alcon Blue to a...
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Can the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) reintroduction be successful?
Stelšovská, Lenka ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
The western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) used to be a common species in Europe but, during the last decades, the species declined rapidly in the western part of its range, i.e. in Central and Western Europe. Decreasing of the habitat quality, inappropriate forest management, climate changes, disturbing by humans (sport & tourisms) together with very only low adaptabity of this species were recognized to be the most important factors threatening Tetrao urogallus. Also predation is a very important stress factor. Numbers of reintroduction projects have been conducted in Europe to improve the situation. This study summarizes current knowledge about reintroduction projects and their effectivity. Most of the projects were not successful very much. Reintroduction projects were implemented also in the Czech Republic in 1998 - 2007 and capercaillies have been released in several regions (Šumava, Český les, Krkonoše, Jeseníky, Moravskoslezské Beskydy, and Brdy). No new populations were established. The reasons for the failure have been found in the insufficient quality of the biotopes, predation, the physiological and ethological deficiencies of the young birds and the ways of their rearing. It is possible to summarize, that the reintroduction projects seem to be low effective but they are not completely...
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The examples of introduction of birds of family Falconidae in the urban environment
BAKALA, Lukáš
The present thesis focuses on the issue of reintroduction of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) to different locations and types of habitat. Four methods of reintroduction of birds of prey to their natural habitats are being used: they might be released from a release cage; they might be included in a falconry training programme; or they might be adopted, either within their own species, or cross-species. Of the methods mentioned, releasing from the release cage is the most frequent in the Czech Republic. The young birds of prey to be released should grow in an environment similar to the one they are about to be released. Each of them has to pass a veterinary examination and should be properly labelled and registered with the Regional Authority. It is crucial for the birds to minimise their attachment to and dependence on man. Many of the reintroduced birds successfully reached sexual maturity and were able to mate and breed. According to the research, the survival rate of 1-year-old falcons is 65 per cent in urban and 28 per cent in rural areas. In the present thesis, I have included 11 Peregrine Falcons and 7 Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug) that have been reintroduced on the territory of the Czech Republic. The findings of this thesis may contribute to further research.
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Success of reintroduction and supplementation programmes and behavioural changes in captive birds and primates.
Janovcová, Markéta ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Kůs, Evžen (referee)
The aims of this study are to: 1) review and evaluate the data available in scientific literature about reintroduction and supplementation programmes in birds and primates. The success of founder population reintroduction into the nature was assessed by its population size, survival rate and other life history traits. The breeding in captivity vs. using wild-caught animals for reintroduction and breeding conditions (longevity of captivity) would be checked. Breeding in enclosure versus semi-captive conditions was also checked. 2) mainly, assess behavioural and morphological changes of populations in relation with captive breeding in relation to success of reintroduction. 3) Map the geographic distribution of reintroduction programmes of particular higher taxa and evaluate the IUCN species status of animals used for conservation programmes.
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Success of reintroduction programmes and behavioural changes in captive animals
Konečná, Ludmila ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
The aims of this study are to: 1) review the data available in scientific literature about reintroduction programmes in vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals). The success of founder population reintroduction into the nature was assessed by its population size, survival rate and other life history traits. The breeding in captivity vs. using wild-caught animals for reintroduction and breeding conditions (longevity of captivity) was checked. Breeding in enclosure versus semi-captive conditions was also checked. 2) mainly, assess behavioural and morphological changes of populations in relation with captive breeding in relation to success of reintroduction. Map the geographic distribution of reintroduction programmes of particular higher taxa and evaluate the IUCN species status of animals used for conservation programmes.
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Repatriation of Barn Owl, Little Owl and Ural Owl from the zoo Ostrava
SVOBODOVÁ, Yveta
According to the Executive Regulation No. 395/1992 Coll., the Barn Owl and the Little Owl are nowadays classified as threatened species in the Czech Republic, while the Ural owl as a critically endangered species. Landscape changes together with low food availability, increasing predation by Pine Marten, lack of nesting biotopes and nesting hollow trees, negative impact of increasing traffic, and technical traps in rural buildings, all these factors lead to a rapid decline in the owl numbers. Therefore, monitoring and reintroduction projects have been started in order to help the owl populations. This thesis focuses on recording the numbers of the Barn Owl, the Little Owl and the Ural Owl wild breeding pairs in the Czech Republic. It aims to evaluate the asset of monitoring and reintroduction to the wild populations of these species. It compiles and evaluates the numbers of chosen owl species in different localities in the Czech Republic.
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Nesting biology of the Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus) in the zoo Praha and in European breeds
PACHTOVÁ, Tereza
The Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) is the smallest and the most threatened european vulture species. Recently, wild populations have been declining dramatically and monitoring is too difficult especially because part of the european population migrates. That is the reason why this species was declared endangered in the IUCN Red list of threatened species (IUCN, 2014). Prague zoo has great results in breeding of these birds of prey. In season of 2013, two juveniles were bred (1 male, 1 female) from 7 of all the Europe. Another juvenile was bred in Zlín-Lešná zoo. In the year 2013, Czech republic therefore bred almost a half of these vultures in european breedings (EAZA). In 2014 the results of breedings are also succesfull, more then half (13 juveniles in total, 3 from Prague, 4 from Zlín-Lešná) was risen in these breedings. Prague zoo has been keeping the egyptian vulture studbook for more than 10 years and is also in charge of the European endangered species programme for this vulture. For coordination improvement and to increase the succes of european breeding it is important to summarize the data and use them to provide better breeding conditions in other zoos. One of the program objectives is also the reintroduction of the animals back to its natural environment. This master´s degree provides summarization of etology research from seasons 2013 and 2014, short research of etology in Zlín-Lešná zoo, summarization of another european breedings and also assesment of all the breedings factors including those preceeding the nesting like incubation of the eggs, and birds hatching.
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