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Phase-separated systems biopolymer-lipid
Kubalová, Barbora ; Pekař, Miloslav (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with experimental study of interaction based on polymer-lipid system. The main goal was to investigate interaction leading to phase separation. Three anionic polyelectrolytes were selected for this purpose: sodium hyaluronate, sodium chondroitin-6-sulfate and sodium poly(4-styrenesulfonate). The liposomes were formulated by sonication of lipid – cationic 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-trimethylamonium-propane (chloride salt) and zwitterionic 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine. It was found that the phase separation occured at specific ratio of DPTAP and selected polymer. It was also explored that the strong electrostatic interaction which leads to the phase separation can be weaken by increasing the ionic strength in the sample. As we aspected the systems contain the hydrophobic domain and therefore these are able to incorporate hydrophobic substances in their structure.
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Stents and their applications in medicine
Sokl, Antonín ; Němec, Karel (referee) ; Molliková, Eva (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis, which deals with types of stents and their use in medical area, is the provision od detailed reserches of the most frequently used biomaterials, namely details of metals, ceramics, polymers and composites, considering the suitability of their use for the production of substitutes for particular human body structures. The introductory chapters are devoted to external and internal fixation for fractures, dental implants and replacement of renal function. The following chapters deals with stents and their possible variations, especially the chapters are about esophageal stents, prostatic stents and ureteral stents. The final part of this thesis contains a detailed definition of coronary stents, their functional and shape modifications.
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Recyclation of Plastics
Lasota, Ondřej ; Němec, Karel (referee) ; Molliková, Eva (advisor)
Plastic materials thanks to their properties like strength, durability, versatility and relatively low cost has gained this much popularity. With their constantly increasing amounts contribute to the waste. Most frequent method of waste disposal is landfill, which is due to plastic’s durability undesirable and causes serious problem for the environment. This bachelor thesis focuses on the use of secondary raw materials obtained from polymer waste. Large amounts of generated polymer waste can be appropriately designed methods processed to produce fuel, to modify asphalt mix and to reinforce concrete. Different methods are analyzed and their advantages and disadvantages are shown.
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X-ray nano computed tomography of structured polymeric biomaterials
Kalasová, Dominika ; Oberta,, Peter (referee) ; Kataja, Markku (referee) ; Kaiser, Jozef (advisor)
Tato práce se zaměřuje na pokročilou zobrazovací technologii, rentgenovou počítačovou tomografii (CT). Tato nedestruktivní technika je využívána pro výzkum různých biomateiálů ve tkáňovém inženýrství a materiálové vědě obecně (skafoldy, polymery, keramické materiály, kompozity aj.). Vizualizace a kvantifikace ve 3D jsou výhodné v rámci multidisciplinárního přístupu, který je často v těchto odvětvích uplatňován. Záměr této práce lze rozdělit do dvou oblastí. Prvním tématem je optimalizace měřicí procedury různých měkkých materiálů pomocí CT s laboratorními rentgenovými zdroji. To zahrnuje převážně zobrazování ve fázovém kontrastu, konkrétně metodu volného šíření záření (VŠZ). Tato práce teoreticky popisuje VŠZ a demonstruje tento jev na řadě experimentů. Následné nezbytné zpracování dat získaných VŠZ je implementováno a vyhodnoceno na základě míry zlepšení obrazových dat. Druhé téma ukazuje konkrétní aplikace CT v materiálovém inženýrství. Několik studií s různými CT zařízeními ukazuje příklady možných aplikací a obrazového zpracování. Příklady korelace CT dat s jinými doplňkovými technikami ukazují, jak může být CT aplikována v multioborovém přístupu ke komplexnímu řešení vědeckých problémů.
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Reactive extrusion of polymers by peroxides
Červený, Ladislav ; Petruš, Josef (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with processing of two types of PP, HDPE, LDPE, PET, PA, PS, PMMA and ABS by reactive extrusion in presence of peroxides. The theoretical part summarizes existing knowledge about processing of used polymers. Reactive extrusion was carried out with a single screw extruder at 260 °C, 30 rpm and 60 rpm depending on peroxide used. One type of PP was processed in presence of Luperox 101, hydrogen peroxide, dicumyl peroxide and potassium persulfate. Luperox 101 and hydrogen peroxide were chosen for reactive extrusion of other polymers. The efficiency of selected peroxides on radical modifications of individual polymers during processing was evaluated by methods of rheological (MFI), structural (FTIR) and thermal (DSC) analysis.
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Design of manufacturing technology for plastic lever
Adamec, Lukáš ; Orel, Daniel (referee) ; Kandus, Bohumil (advisor)
The aim of this project is to design the most suitable technology for manufacturing of the set component. The project contains theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with division of polymer material and the description of the technology suitable for production of the set component. The practical part concentrates on the mould design of the set component including calculations and needed technological parameters of injection moulding operation.
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Polymers for health care and medicine
Jahodová, Daniela ; Ročňáková, Ivana (referee) ; Němec, Karel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis discusses polymers that are used in medicine and healthcare. In general, it addresses the field’s already known products and their possible further research and spreading of their use. Most people imagine medical polymer applications mainly in the forms of syringes, catheters, latex gloves, and the like. This text’s goal is to point out how much potential there is in further research of the material allowing for qualities as varied as biodegradable pill coating and high resistant dental implant.
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Use of polymers in road constructions
Klusková, Jana ; Komenda, Radek (referee) ; Stehlík, Dušan (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the use of recycled polymers in asphalt mixtures. In the theoretical part of the thesis there is discussed the global issue of plastic waste including the experience of foreign countries, where this technology has already been introducted and used. The practical part is devoted to the proposal of using recycled plastic in asphalt mixture, description of used laboratory tests and the evaluating the effect of low-density polyethylen (LDPE) on the asphalt mixture type AC. There were performed tensile strenght tests, water resistant tests and stiffness modulus tests in the laboratory (E). The output of this work is an evaluation of measured values, processing of results and their interpretation depending on the possible use of this technology in Czech republic.
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