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Biopower and autonomism
Poppr, Martin ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Petr (referee)
Martin Poppr : Biopower and autonomism (abstract of bachelor thesis) The main subject of the thesis is the relationship between an individual and the society. My goal is to find out the origin of the social authority, society cares, and the society control. My work will as well question the relationship between the knowledge and the power, and if both of them are in some way relied to the violence. My work will be based in the philosophy of Michel Foucault, his archeology of knowledge and his studies of the society. I will try to find out how is the knowledge defined by its own discourse. The discourse is a special form of a social power. I will focus my work on the question, how is every human being influenced by the social power and the power of discourse. I will also stay focused on the topic reading few more authors. I will follow Gilles Deleuze developing Foucault's concept of "bio-power", leading us from the age of "Enlightenment" to the present. Foucault himself finds as a good way, how to study the power, to study the forms of the political resistance. That is why I will also focus my attention on the philosophy of "autonomism".
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Political Philosophy of John Gray
Černý, Kryštof ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
Precis The Political philosophy of John Gray touches a number of topics and also has gone thrue a couple of modifications. However this thesis aims to show that there can be found a consistent political doctrine of agonistic liberalism in Gray's thought that arises from his critigue of rationalistic theories of liberalism. Agonistic liberalism is based on the naturalistic ethical theory of value-pluralism which Gray adopted whit some modifications from Isaiah Berlin. On the ground of incommensurability and uncombinability of some values within individuel lives as well as within life forms Gray comes to conclusion that the conflict of values is ineradicable part of our lives. And that's the reason why any legel or political theory cannot set up a set of liberal principles that could claim universal validity. That is why Gray sets up the concept of modus vivendi, political ideal of coexistence of individuals, groups and societies based on mutual toleration. With regard to the rational indeterminacy of conflicts over values, according to agonistic liberalism these conflict has to by resolved by political means.
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Is the concept of human rights fictitious? Jürgen Habermas' postmetaphysical conception of human rights.
Lysoňková, Michala ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
Human rights are the pervasive practical and political concept, discussed in various branches: political and legal philosophy, political science or jurisprudence. In the diploma thesis, this concept is discussed in the framework of political philosophy. An author's basic question: Is the concept of human rights plausible (rationally valid) in the postmetaphysical situation as well, and if so, which rights are possible to specify as "human"? This question is asked in view of contemporary (content, spatial and symbolical) expansion of human rights and solved in light of Jürgen Habermas' conception of human rights. Habermas' conception of human rights represents probably the most significant rational attempt to reformulate this concept in the postmetaphysical situation. His foundation is apparently free from the burden of all anthropological presuppositions, connected with a pristine articulation of the rights of man. As we know, these presuppositions also resound in the legal concept of human dignity. After the problem definition, a historical excursus on the field of rational natural law and basic characterization of the postmetaphysical situation, an analysis and evaluation of presuppositions intrinsic to Habermas' "linguistificated" conception of human rights follow - i.e. universal pragmatics,...
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