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Differentiation of keratinocytes: molecular markers and potential of influencing them in vitro
Ondrúšková, Denisa ; Filová, Elena (advisor) ; Porubská, Bianka (referee)
Keratinocytes are the most abundant skin cells found in epidermis. They are divided into proliferative basal stem cells, which are in close contact with basement membrane and suprabasal differentiating cells. Basal keratinocytes express K5 and K14 keratins and give rise to differentiating layers via delamination or asymmetric division. The firstly formed layer is stratum spinosum that expresses keratins K1 and K10 and involucrin, and, subsequently, it passes into the stratum granulosum, in which cells express loricrin and profilagrin. The last layer of epidermis is the stratum corneum formed by corneocytes that finally desquamate. Keratinocytes participate in the process of skin regeneration and can be isolated and cultivated. Their cultivation can be affected by various factors, such as selection of suitable materiál (nanofibers/gels) and suitable culture media, which can be enriched with growth factors, platelet lysat, vitamins and other substances. When culturing them, it also depends on whether the cells are entirely immersed in medium or growing on liquid/air interface. To approximate in vivo conditions and to study interaction between cell populations, keratinocytes are often cultured in co-cultures with different cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, monocytes and others....
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Dispersion of freshwater gastropods
Buďová, Jana ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Juřičková, Lucie (referee)
Freshwater gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) belong to two tradional taxonomic groups: prosobranchs (Prosobranchia) and pulmonates (Pulmonata). Most of these molluscs are characterized by low vagility. Therefore they usually rely on passive dispersal. Their dispersal vectors are mostly birds and water. Animals can transport snails both externally and internally. Direct methods (capture.mark.recapture, radio - tracking) and genetic methods could be used to study dispersal. For genetic studies can be used many type of molecular markers, but the recently most popular are microsatellites. According to recent studies, the dispersal of freshwater gastropods is probably not as frequent and wide - spread as assumed before. Key words: freshwater snails, dispersal, dispersal vectors, capture - mark - recapture, molecular markers, population genetics
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Genetické markery ve šlechtění rostlin; postupy, vývoj, praktické aplikace
Smýkalová, Zdeňka
Since the first attempts at plant breeding, this field has made great strides. My work focuses on a cross-section of both classical and modern methods, which are currently booming. From modern genetic methods I focused mainly on methods that are based on PCR analysis. The main advantage of these methods is their accuracy, speed and repeatability using a very small amount of input material. However, the relatively large purchase price of equipment for laboratories and the fact that we must have qualified laboratory personnel is a negative. Despite their pros and cons, genetic methods could not work reliably on their own, and it is a good idea to add classical breeding methods.
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Molecular characterization and evaluation of genetic diversity of genetic resources of poppy seeds
STARÁ, Martina
The thesis deals with the study genetic diversity of poppies (Papaver somniferum L.) by SSR analysis. Altogether, 85 samples of poppies were evaluated. DNA was isolated from dried, mixed samples grown from seed using a modified CTAB method by Doyle and Doyle (1990). The seeds were provided by VÚO Opava. Six SSR primers were selected for the analysis and visualization was performed using chip electrophoresis. The PCR reaction was optimized with fluorescently labeled primer for fragmentation analysis. Chip electrophoresis was evaluated in MVSP using PCO analysis. The similarity matrix was further calculated and the samples showed hight genetic variability. The results of similarity matrix were provided to breeders as a basis for further breeding.
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Rezistence genes against fungi deseases in cereals and methods for their detection
Stuchlíková, Šárka ; Dumalasová, Veronika (advisor) ; Schwarzerová, Kateřina (referee)
The paper deals with the possibilities of detection fungal disease resistance genes in the original European cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye and oats. It provides an overview of the most important resistance genes for breeding. The significance of the resistance genes is evaluated on the basis of the harmfulness of the individual cereal fungal diseases, as well as the importance of the individual cereal species. It describes the possibilities of detecting resistance genes using molecular markers and compares various types of molecular markers. It seeks answers to the question of where the breeding on resistance and therefore the use of molecular markers brings the greatest benefit.
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Development of molecular selection markers for detection of fertility restorer for CMS Shaan 2A
KARBANOVÁ, Aneta
This bachelor thesis deals with the development of molecular selection markers for the detection of fertility restorers for CMS Shaan 2A in rape by molecular techniques. The thesis describes molecular techniques such as DNA isolation techniques, polymerase chain reaction and primer design techniques for the detection of fertility restorers. Specific PCR primers for the Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) superfamily protein gene and the Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) -like superfamily protein gene sequence amplification have been designed and aplicons have been sequenced. On the basis of the sequence differences between plants with fertility restorer fenotype and CMS fenotype the technique for fertility restorer detection was designed.
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Molekulární markery pro detekci genetické variability přírodních populací forenzně významných druhů bzučivkovitých (Calliphoridae, Diptera)
KLOJDOVÁ, Martina
This thesis was focused on suitability of selected molecular markers for detection of genetic variability of four species from the family Calliphoridae important in the forensic entomology. A set of eight markers, both mitochondrial (COI, ND6, CytB, CR) and nuclear (RP S12, RP S13, RP L12, PB2), were applied on samples from natural populations of representative species (Calliphora vicina, Lucilia caesar, Lucilia sericata, Phormia regina) most common in the Czech Republic. Level of detected variability was evaluated and compared, both with respect to the particular species as well as their geographic origin.
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Dispersal of clonal aquatic plants
Rydlo, Jan ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hroudová, Zdenka (referee)
The aim of this Bc. thesis is to summarize the knowledge on clonal dispersal of aquatic plants and to compare the possibilities and measure of clonal dispersal in selected most-studied species. In the first part of the study, ways of clonal propagation of water plants by various types of vegetative diaspores and various means of transport (by water, animals) are described. Ways and possibilities of dispersal of aquatic clonal plants in various water systems (river systems, stagnant waters) and to various distances are described as well. Finally, anthropogenic effects on clonal dispersal of water plants, which can also play an important role, are discussed. These effects could stay behind many invasive events on the Earth represented by rapid clonal reproduction and dispersal of some species of aquatic macrophytes in their non-native area. The next part of this thesis deals with methods to study the dispersal of aquatic clonal plants and assesses their relevance for various spatial scales. These methods and results of case studies are presented for the most often studied species of water macrophytes. Results of these studies are summarised to demonstrate the real efficiency and distances of clonal dispersal of aquatic plants. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Genetic polymorphism in populations of Meligethes aeneus with different resistance to insecticides
WALTEROVÁ, Lucie
Thesis deals with pollen beetle populations with various degrees of resistance to pyrethroids. Samples were collected in 13 locations in Czech Republice in 2016. DNA of beetles was isolated by CTAB PVP and Chelex 100. After that, molecular methods based on ISSR markers (Inter-simple sequence repeats) were used to distinguish between different pollen beetle populations. Different populations were described based on microsatellites and the results were processed by the PCA analysis (Principal component analysis). 5 ISSR primers were tried and one result of the primers was reproducible. On the base of matrix genetic distance were samples classified to clusters according to genetic similar by PCA analysis. In the next step author evaluated relationship of geografical distance and different ISSR profile. In the end of the work, author tried to amplificate gene encoding voltage-sensitive sodium channels.
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Dispersion of freshwater gastropods
Buďová, Jana ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Juřičková, Lucie (referee)
Freshwater gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) belong to two tradional taxonomic groups: prosobranchs (Prosobranchia) and pulmonates (Pulmonata). Most of these molluscs are characterized by low vagility. Therefore they usually rely on passive dispersal. Their dispersal vectors are mostly birds and water. Animals can transport snails both externally and internally. Direct methods (capture.mark.recapture, radio - tracking) and genetic methods could be used to study dispersal. For genetic studies can be used many type of molecular markers, but the recently most popular are microsatellites. According to recent studies, the dispersal of freshwater gastropods is probably not as frequent and wide - spread as assumed before. Key words: freshwater snails, dispersal, dispersal vectors, capture - mark - recapture, molecular markers, population genetics
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