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The analysis of growing system of fodder crops for fodder and energetical biomasss production in selected farm
FUČÍK, Karel
The bachelor thesis deals with selected agricultural crops for fodder and energy-energy purposes on the selected farm. The thesis deals with the evaluation of yields and analysis of forage cropping systems on arable land, where the main crop is maize (Zea mays), and also focuses on permanent grassland. The arable land was grassed with a permanent clover-grass mixture consisting of 7 grass species and 1 clover spe-cies. The main aim of my chosen bachelor thesis was to evaluate the development and harvesting of forage stands on both arable land and stands belonging to the TTP, then to evaluate their yield and also to focus on the assessment of plant composition. The plot where the restoration and sowing with clover-grass mixtures took place was also monitored. The chapter evaluating the results of the permanent grassland (TTP) includes an as-sessment of the three selected plots where the distribution of individual clover and grasses was monitored. At the same time, the thesis also focuses on the evaluation of the arable land treatment and the condition of the stands where maize (Zea mays) is grown for feed and energy purposes. The main indicators monitored are soil prepara-tion, sowing style, nutrition and, last but not least, harvesting with yield.
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Způsoby regulace plevelů při pěstování kukuřice seté (Zea mays L.).
VLÁŠKOVÁ, Milena
Corn is an important crop that is increasingly being applied and expanded in our countries. Due to the cultivation technology, weeding can significantly affect its yield. Weed control is mainly solved by the use of herbicides. One of the main objectives of this method is to achieve maximum effect at minimal economic cost. At the same time, the factor of minimizing negative effects on the environment is increasingly taken into account. The thesis describes the basic characteristics of maize, its basic agrotechnics and the extent of its cultivation in the Czech Republic. The basic characteristics and weed distribution are described, including the possibilities of their control. The actual work deals with the effectiveness of two combinations of herbicides used postemergence on land with different maize hybrids and evaluation of their effectiveness with regard to economic aspects.
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A possible role of proline in plant stress memory
Ušák, David ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Konrádová, Hana (referee)
The previous exposure to abiotic stress such as drought may prime plants, leading to their improved response upon later stress onset. This phenomenon, called plant stress memory, is linked to a plethora of mechanisms exerted on several levels. A complex analysis of proline metabolism in leaves and roots was performed to test the putative role of proline in such response to recurrent stress, represented by two periods of water deficit, interrupted by a period of rewatering during recovery. To provide a better understanding of intraspecific differences in drought stress memory response of plants and its inheritance, maize (Zea mays L.) parental genotypes with differing drought sensitivity and their F1 reciprocal hybrid offspring were chosen as the plant material. The water deficit had a more pronounced effect on proline metabolism in leaves than in roots. The proline content increased in response to drought, which was linked to a higher proline biosynthesis and a lower proline catabolism. Marked differences in proline metabolism among genotypes were observed, confirming the previous findings that recurrent drought response is not conserved even within the same species. However, contrary to the original assumptions on the role of proline in plant stress memory, the statistical analysis showed that...
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Optimization of the Methodology for Assessment of Biochar Effect on the Growth of Model Plants
Štorková, Natálie ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is studying the effect of biochar on the growth of model plant and deals with the optimalization of the methods for assessing its impact. Theoretical part describes the properties and utilization of soil conditioners, special attention is focused on biochar. According to the literature research, maize (Zea mays) was chosen as a model plant for cultivation experiment and subsequently the application doses of biochar were also defined. The cultivation experiment took place in growing box under controlled illumination and irrigation. Plant dry weight weighing after cultivation, continuous measurement of plant height during the cultivation and also image analysis of the root system were used for evaluating the influence of biochar on quantitative and qualitative properties of model plants. From obtained data it can be summarized that the growth differences were influenced by the application dose, the type of biochar and also by type of soil, which was used for the cultivation experiment.
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Detection of luminescent nanoparticles in plants by laser spectroscopy
Střítežská, Sára ; Novotný,, Karel (referee) ; Modlitbová, Pavlína (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with evaluation of toxicity and bioaccumulation of photon-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) in model plant maize (Zea mays). Lanthanide-doped UCNPs with different composition and size were tested in three different concentrations in this work. The exposure took place for 168 hours. Toxicity was assessed based on four macroscopic toxicological endpoints (mortality, the length of belowground part of the plants, the length of aboveground part of the plants and whole plants length). Spatial distribution of elements yttrium, ytterbium, erbium and gadolinium in model plants was determined using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy with spatial resolution of 100 m and 26 m. Distribution of UCNPs in plants was further studied with photon-upconversion microscanning with spatial resolution of 40 m. Stability of UCNPs during and after the plant exposure was also discussed in this thesis.
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The effect of temperature in interaction with other factors of climatic change on selected physiological parameters and yield of C3 and C4 crops
Jiras, Tomáš ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Mašková, Petra (referee)
The current climate change mainly involves global warming of the Earth, and anthropogenic activity is predominantly identified as the dominant cause. As a result of the ongoing climate change, there are ever-expanding areas with rainfall deficits, extreme weather patterns including heat waves, etc. Plants must be acclimated or adapted to worsening environmental conditions in the short term as a result of the climate change. Stress load significantly changes plant physiological parameters, even lethally. Plants respond to stress by acclimation responses and adaptations induced by changes in gene expressions on metabolic, physiological or structural levels, by phenotype modification, and other changes. The threat also affects agricultural plant production, which is obliged to ensure food security of the ever-increasing human population. The climate change is expected to reduce crop yields. The aim of this Thesis is to summarize knowledge about changes in crop physiology and agricultural production due to stress factors of the climate change, especially temperature, with emphasis on differences between C3 and C4 plants. Most of the work deals with C3 cereals: wheat, barley, rice and C4: corn, sorghum. Different responses of these crops are discussed, such as change in phenology, water use, CO2...
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Evaluation of functional properties of selected vegetable flours
VÍTKOVÁ, Věra
This bachelor thesis deals with basic structure, nutritional properties, production and use of flours. There are information about cereals and legumes, which are used for productions of flours. This thesis talks about food intolerances, which can be a reason why change basic flours of wheat, barley, oat and rye to another. Practical part is about 14 flours, which were tested on dry matter, humidity, nitrogen substances content, proteins, protein electrophoretic profiles (patterns), solubility, water and fat holding capacity, formation of gels and changes of colours during a boiling. The results of this research are information about nutrition and functional properties of tested flours.
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Exodermis differentiation under nutrient deficiency, effects of phytohormones.
Namyslov, Jiří ; Tylová, Edita (advisor) ; Martinka, Michal (referee)
Apoplastic barriers (exodermis and endodermis) control free movement of substances by apoplast, which is achieved by specific cell wall modifications. Differentiation of these barriers is to some extent variable. It has been demonstrated many times that the differentiation of root apoplastic barriers is strongly influenced by unfavourable environmental conditions. Many stress factors accelerate the deposition of apoplastic barriers. This work deals with the relationship between availability of nutrients and development of root barriers and mechanisms of coordination of developmental processes in roots, including the involvement of auxin and other phytohormones in the coordination of these processes. The exodermis developmental plasticity is followed in maize (Zea mays L.) under conditions of various nutrient deficiencies. The most important results are presented by anatomical analysis, which shows a significant acceleration of exodermis and endodermis differentiation in the N and P deficiency on the contrary, the slowing of differentiation in the absence of Fe and K. This effect is apparently a result of systemic rather than local root system responses because it was not observed with localized deficiency. This thesis also test the influence of some phytohormones on the development of apoplastic...
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The soil erosion and maize growing in Czech Republic
KOMÍN, Jiří
The thesis was conducted balance the possibility of growing corn while fighting water and wind erosion. The results of the study of theoretical possibilities and practical impact for producers, particularly economic drilling can be recommended mainly erosion belts and mulch sowing maize. Both of these methods are effective, but it is necessary to supplement the correct procedure when setting up the stand of corn. The rule for stand establishment corn on the slopes of these three principles: corn crops sown along the contour, after sowing fundamentally dont roll and sown corn prefer deeper, at least 5cm. At sufficiently deep soil preparation (about 10 cm) gave, after sowing of maize plot different heights furrow which slow surface runoff of water and promote a better infiltration. At the same time, thanks to its larger surface ensures faster warming of the soil and thus faster germination of corn crops. As soil protection technology with significant erosion control effects can be recommended depending on specific soils shallow tillage with simultaneous defray organic matter to the soil followed by planting, sowing no- drill with disc coulters directly into the raw soil after the previous crop, or sowing / planting mulch crops or forecrop. Another option is sowing the main crop with undercrop in between rows (maize undercrop winter rye), or tape sowing untreated soil. Such as erosion control technology is also certified by the reduction of row spacing in corn.
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